Iyo Yakasviba Dhazeni: 12 Zvekudya Izvo Zvakakwira muPesticides

Zvemukati

• Ndezvipi Zvakasviba gumi nevaviri Chinyorwa?
• Iyo Yakasviba Makumi Makumi Ekudya Chinyorwa
• Ko Mishonga Yezvipembenene Zviri MuKudya Kwedu Inokuvadza Here?
• Inogadzira Organic Ine Mishonga Yezvipembenene?
• Iwe Unofanirwa Kudzivisa Zvakajairika Mafomu eakasviba gumi nemaviri Zvekudya?
• Nzira Dzokuderedza Pushikisheni Kuratidzwa Kubva Kudya
• Icho Chinokosha

Iko kudiwa kwechigadzirwa che organic chakakura zvakanyanya pamusoro pemakumi maviri emakore apfuura.

MaAmerican vakashandisa mari inodarika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nematanhatu emadhora pazvirimwa zvemuchirimo muna 2010 zvichienzaniswa nebhiriyoni rimwe chete muna 1990 ().

Imwe yezvinonyanya kunetsa kutyaira organic chikafu chinodyiwa ndeyekuuraya zvipuka.

Gore rega rega, iyo Environmental Working Group (EWG) inoburitsa iyo Yakasviba Dozen ™ - runyorwa rwegumi nemiviri yemichero isiri yemanyowa nemiriwo zvakanyanya mumasara emushonga wezvipembenene.

Ichi chinyorwa chinonyora izvo zvazvino Zvakasviba Zviviri zvekudya, zvinoparadzanisa chokwadi kubva mungano kana zvasvika pakushandiswa kwemushonga uye inotsanangura nzira dzakareruka dzekudzikisa kusangana nemishonga yezvipembenene.

Ndezvipi Zvakasviba gumi nevaviri Chinyorwa?

The Environmental Working Group (EWG) isangano risingabatsiri rinotarisa kudzidzisa veruzhinji nezvenyaya dzakaita sekurima, kuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa uye makemikari pane hutano hwevanhu (2).

Kubva 1995, iyo EWG yakaburitsa iyo Yakasviba Dozen - runyorwa rwezvibereko zvakajairika michero nemiriwo ine akanyanya mwero masara emushonga wezvipembenene.

Mishonga yezvipembenene zvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa mukurima kudzivirira zvirimwa kubva mukukuvara kunokonzerwa nezvipembenene, kumanikidza sora nezvirwere.

Kuti inyorwe iyo Yakasviba Dozen runyorwa, iyo EWG inoongorora pamusoro pezviuru makumi matatu neshanu sampuli dzakatorwa neUSDA neFDA kusarudza vamwe vatadzi vakaipisisa (3).

Iyo EWG inoshandisa matanho matanhatu kuona hutachiona hwehutachiona hwechigadzirwa (3):

• Percent yemasampuli akaedzwa neinoonekwa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka
• Percent yemasampuli ane maviri kana anopfuura anoonekwa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka
• Avhareji nhamba yezvipembenene zvinowanikwa pane imwechete sampuro
• Avhareji huwandu hwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka yakawanikwa, kuyerwa muzvikamu pamiriyoni
• Huwandu hwehuwandu hwezvipembenene hwakawanikwa pane imwechete sampuro
• Yese nhamba yemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka yakawanikwa pane goho

EWG inoti nzira iyi "inoratidza huwandu hwezvipembenene zvakawandisa zvemichero nemiriwo" (3).

Nepo iyo EWG ichiti irwo runyorwa runogona kubatsira vatengi kudzivisa zvisina basa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, dzimwe nyanzvi - kusanganisira vesaenzi vechikafu - vanopokana kuti runyorwa rwuri kutyisidzira veruzhinji kuti vasadya chikafu chine hutano.

Mishonga inouraya inonyatsodzorwa neUSDA, uye mishumo ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti huwandu hwezvipembenene hwakawanikwa pa99.5% yezvigadzirwa zvakajairika zviri pazasi pemazano akaisirwa neEnharaunda Dziviriro Agency (4).

Iyo USDA Pesticide Data Chirongwa inoona kuti chikafu cheU.S. "ndicho chakachengeteka kwazvo pasi rose," nekuda kwenzira dzakasimba dzekuyedza (4).

Nekudaro, nyanzvi zhinji dzinopokana kuti kuenderera mberi nekusangana nemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka - kunyangwe mune zvidiki diki - kunogona kuvaka mumuviri wako nekufamba kwenguva uye kunotungamira kune isingagumi hutano mamiriro.

Pamusoro pezvo, pane kunetsekana kuti miganho yakachengetedzeka yakagadzwa nemasangano anomirira haatarise nezve njodzi dzehutano dzinobatanidzwa nekushandisa mishonga inopfuura imwechete panguva imwe.

Nezvikonzero izvi, iyo EWG yakagadzira iyo Yakasviba Dozen runyorwa segwara revanhu vanoda kudzikisira kutapukira kwemushonga wezvipembenene ivo nemhuri dzavo.

Iyo Yakasviba Dozen runyorwa rwezvibereko nemiriwo zvine huwandu hwepamusoro hwezvisikwa zvemushonga zvakagadzirwa neEnvironmental Working Group (EWG) kudzidzisa veruzhinji nezvekuchengetedza chikafu.

Iyo Yakasviba Makumi Makumi Ekudya Chinyorwa

Sekureva kweEWG, zvinotevera michero nemiriwo zvine huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvipembenene zvakasara (5):

1. Strawberries: Mahwendefa echinyakare anogara ari pamusoro peiyo Yakasviba Dozen runyorwa. Mu2018, iyo EWG yakawana kuti chetatu chese masampura esirobhu aive nemakumi gumi kana anopfuura marara emushonga wezvipembenene.
2. Sipinachi: 97% yemasipinachi sampuli aive nemarara emushonga wezvipembenene, kusanganisira permethrin, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine chepfu kune mhuka ().
3. Nectarines: EWG yakaona zvisaririra mune angangoita makumi mapfumbamwe nematatu ezviuru zveectarine sampuli, ine imwe sampuro ine gumi nemashanu zvisaririra zvemushonga wezvipembenene.
4. Maapuro: EWG yakaona zvisaririra zvemushonga wezvipembenene mu90% yemapuro sampuli. Zvakare, 80% yemaapuro akaedzwa aive nematanho e diphenylamine, mushonga wezvipembenene wakarambidzwa muEurope (7).
5. Mazambiringa: Mazambiringa akajairika ndiwo akakurisa pane yakasviba Mazita runyorwa, iine pamusoro pe96% yekuyedza inovhenekera maruva emushonga wezvipembenene.
6. Peaches: Kupfuura 99% yemapichisi akaedzwa neEWW aive neavhareji yezvisaririra zvemushonga zvina.
7. Cherries: EWG yakaona avhareji yemashanu masara emushonga wezvipembenene pane macherry sampuli, kusanganisira mishonga inouraya inonzi iprodione, inorambidzwa muEurope (8).
8. Mapeya: Vanopfuura makumi mashanu kubva muzana emapaari akaedzwa neEWG aive nemasara kubva kune mashanu kana anopfuura mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka.
9. Tomato: Masara mana emushonga wezvipembenene akawanikwa padomasi rakakura zvakajairika. Imwe sampuro yaive nemakumi gumi neshanu akasiyana emishonga yemushonga.
10. Celery: Masara emushonga wezvipembenene akawanikwa pamusoro pe 95% yemaselery sampuli. Dzinosvika gumi nematatu mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga yezvipembenene dzakawanikwa.
11. Mbatatisi: Masampuli embatatisi aive nemimwe mishonga inouraya zvipembenene nekurema kupfuura chero chirimwa chakaedzwa. Chlorpropham, mushonga wekuuraya sora, wakagadzira huwandu hwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka.
12. Sweet bhero mhiripiri: Inotapira bhero mhiripiri ine mashoma masara emushonga wezvipembenene uchienzaniswa nemimwe michero nemiriwo. Asi, iyo EWG inoyambira kuti mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa pazvinotapira bhero mhiripiri "inowanzove ine chepfu kuhutano hwevanhu."

Pamusoro peiyo yakasviba yakasviba Dozen, EWG inoburitsa yakasviba Dozen Plus runyorwa iyo ine makumi matatu emimwe michero nemiriwo zvine huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvipembenene zvakasara, kusanganisira inopisa mhiripiri, matomatisi etamuri, snap peas uye blueberries.

Strawberries pamusoro peiyo yakasviba Dozen runyorwa 2018, inoteverwa nesipinashi uye nectarines. Zvikafu zvakati wandei pane zvakarongwa zvaive nemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka yakawanda, kusanganisira zvimwe zvakarambidzwa muEurope.

Ko Mishonga Yezvipembenene Zviri MuKudya Kwedu Inokuvadza Here?

Pane maonero anopesana pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwemushonga wezvipembenene mukugadzirwa.

Kunyangwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka inoshandiswa pazvirimwa yakanyatso kudzorwa uye ichichengetwa pazasi pemiganhu inokuvadza, pane kunetseka pamusoro pekuti kudzokororwa kuzhinji kwezvinhu izvi kunokanganisa sei hutano.

Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzakabatanidza kuuraya mishonga yezvipembenene kune zvakashata hutano mhedzisiro, senge matambudziko ekufema, nyaya dzekubereka, endocrine system kuvhiringidzika, kukuvara kweetsinga uye kuwedzera njodzi yeimwe gomarara ().

Vana vanoonekwa sevari panjodzi huru yekukudziridza huturu hwehutachiona kupfuura hwevanhu vakuru nekuda kwehukuru hwavo hudiki, huwandu hwakaderera hwemamwe maenzymes ekudzivirira uye chokwadi chekuti hunyanzvi hwekukudziridza hunowanikwa nyore nemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka ().

Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti vana vakazvarwa naamai vane hutachiona hwakanyanya hwekuratidzira vakaratidza kunonoka kwepfungwa kusvika kumakore maviri, kusanganisira kushomeka mukubatana pamwe nekuona ndangariro ().

Kuratidzirwa kwehudiki kumishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kwave kwakabatanidzwa nenjodzi yakawedzera yekuvandudza ADHD ().

Imwe ongororo yakawanikwa kuti vakadzi vakazvitakura vaigara padyo nepurazi uko kwaisaswa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, pyrethroid kana carbamate vaiwanzoita vana vanoonekwa kuti vane autism kana autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) ().

Zvakare, varimi vakashandisa mamwe mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kuzvirimwa zvavo vakawanikwa vaine huwandu hwakanyanya hwehukobvu negomarara rekoloni zvichienzaniswa neruzhinji ().

Nezve huwandu hwezvipembenene mumuviri, tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kuchinjisa zvakajairika zvigadzirwa nema organic zvinyorwa zvinodzora zvakanyanya kana kubvisa huwandu hweweti hwezvipembenene zvakajairika (,).

Zviri pachena kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunosanganiswa nehutano husina kunaka.

Zvisinei, zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zviripo zvinotarisa kune vanhu vanobata zvakananga nemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka zuva nezuva, sevashandi vekurima, panzvimbo peveruzhinji.

Zviri pachena kuti kusvibiswa nemishonga yakawanda yezvipembenene kunokuvadza. Nekudaro, kumwe kutsvagurudza kunodiwa kuti uone kana kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kumatanho akaderera ezvipembenene anowanikwa mune chikafu zvinokanganisa hutano.

Inogadzira Organic Ine Mishonga Yezvipembenene?

Nepo zviyero zvekurima zvakasikwa zvakasiyana nezvinoitwa zvevarimi, varimi vemu organic vanobvumidzwa kushandisa mimwe mishonga inouraya mishonga muzvirimwa zvavo

Varimi vemuoriki vanovimba zvakanyanya nekutenderera kwezvirimwa, kuchengetedza kwezvirimwa uye hutsanana kuchengetedza zvirimwa.

Nekudaro, mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, senge mhangura, rotenone uye spinosad, inogona kushandiswa pakurima kwehupenyu (17).

25 organic mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka inobvumidzwa kushandiswa kwehupenyu maringe nekushamisa 900 iyo parizvino inobvumidzwa kushandiswa pazvirimwa zvakajairika (18).

Kungofanana nemushonga wezvipembenene unoshandiswa mukurima kwakajairika, mishonga inouraya zvipuka inodzorwa zvakasimba kuti ichengeteke asi inogona kukuvadza hutano mune yakakwira madosi.

Semuenzaniso, kuratidzwa kwebasa kune organic pesticide rotenone kwakabatanidzwa nenjodzi yakawedzera yechirwere chaPasinson ().

Nehurombo, zvidzidzo zvenguva refu zvichiongorora njodzi dzekudya zvakajairika michero nemiriwo maringe nechero michero nemiriwo muhuwandu hwevanhu zviri kushomeka.

Kana iwe urikusarudza chikafu che organic nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemamiriro ekunze zvichipesana nezvikonzero zvehutano, tsvagiridzo inotsigira kuti kurima kwehunhu kune zvishoma zvekukanganisa kwenzvimbo pane kurima kwakajairika

Maitiro ekurima chaiwo anoderedza kuburitsa kabhoni, anokurudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana uye anochengetedza ivhu nemvura yepasi (20)

Mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka inoshandiswa mune zvese zvakajairwa uye zvekurima zvekurima inogona kukuvadza hutano mune yakakwira madhizaini.

Iwe Unofanirwa Kudzivisa Zvakajairika Mafomu eakasviba gumi nemaviri Zvekudya?

Vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza zvigadzirwa zve organic netarisiro yekudzora kwavo kusangana nemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka.

Humwe humbowo kubva kuongororo dzekutsvagisa hunodiwa kuti uone kana chikafu chinogadzirwa chine hutano pane chikafu chine chikafu chakagadzirwa zvakajairika.

Kune avo vane mukana wekutenga organic zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro-yezvipembenene zvigadzirwa, kushandisa tsika iyi kungangokonzeresa kudzikisira kuzere kutarisana nemushonga wezvipembenene.

Zvisinei, inofanira kuonekwa kuti mishonga yezvipembenene haisi kungowanikwa mumichero nemiriwo.

Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pane zvimwe zvirimwa senge zviyo zvezviyo, pamwe neuswa, mabindu emaruva uye kudzora zvipembenene (,).

Sezvo mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka yakapararira, nzira yakanakisa yekuderedza kusvibiswa kwako ndeyekusarudza chikafu cheganhurwa pazvinogoneka uye kudzidzira kutarisirwa kwegadheni uye nzira dzinodzora zvipembenene.

Sezvo goho re organic rinowanzo kudhura kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvakajairwa, zvinogona kuomera vanhu vazhinji kuwana.

Usatombo kunetseka kana iwe usingakwanise kutenga zvakasikwa vhezheni yeakasviba Dozen.

Kudya michero yakawanda uye miriwo zvinopfuura zvakanyanya njodzi yezvipembenene zvakasara pazvibereko, uye kune nzira dzekudzora zvisaririra izvi.

Nepo maumbirwo echisikigo eDhivha yakasviba inogona kunge iine mashoma masara emushonga wezvipembenene, kudya michero yakajairwa nemiriwo zvakachengeteka zvakakwana.

Nzira Dzokuderedza Pushikisheni Kuratidzwa Kubva Kudya

Dzinotevera nzira dzakareruka, dzakachengeteka uye dzine simba dzaungashandisa kudzora zvisaririra zvemushonga wezvipuka pazvibereko.

• Svina ivo mumvura inotonhorera: Kumesa michero nemiriwo mumvura inotonhorera uku uchikwesha nebhurasho nyoro kunogona kubvisa mamwe maruva emushonga wezvipembenene ().
• Kubika soda mvura: Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti kuwacha maapuro ane 1% yekubheka soda uye musanganiswa wemvura zvainyanya kushanda mukubvisa masara emushonga wezvipembenene kupfuura mvura yepombi chete ().
• Peel michero nemiriwo: Kubvisa ganda reZvinosvibisa michero nemiriwo zvinogona kudzikisira kudya kwekudya kwezvipembenene zvakasara ().
• Blanching: Mune kumwe kuongorora blanching goho (kuriisa pachena pakubika, ndokuzotonhora, mvura) kwakatungamira kune inopfuura makumi mashanu muzana kudzikiswa muzvirimwa zvemushonga wezvipembenene mune ese miriwo uye michero masampula kunze kwepichisi ().
• Kubika: Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti kufashaidza sitirobheri kwakadzikira zvakanyanya masara emushonga wezvipembenene, nekuderedzwa kwe42.8-92.9% ().
• Shenesa zvigadzirwa ne ozonated mvura: Mvura yakacheneswa (mvura yakasanganiswa nerudzi rweoksijeni inonzi ozone) yakawanikwa ichinyanya kushanda mukubvisa masara emushonga wezvipembenene kubva muchikafu (,).

Kushandisa chero ehumwe humboo-hwakatangira maitiro hunogona kudzora zvisaririra zvemushonga wezvipuka pazvibereko zvitsva.

Kukwesha zvigadzirwa pasi pemvura inotonhorera, kugeza nesoda yekubheka mhinduro kana peeling inzira dzakanakisa dzekudzora masara emushonga wezvipembenene pamichero nemiriwo.

Icho Chinokosha

Icho chinangwa cheiyo Yakasviba Dozen rondedzero ndeyekuti vatengi vazive kuti ndeapi michero nemiriwo zvine yakanyanya kuwanda yezvipembenene zvakasara.

Kunyange runyorwa urwu rungangobatsira kune avo vari kunetseka nezvekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene muzvikafu, hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kuti unonetsekana sei nekumedza masara emushonga wezvipembenene pakutanga.

Kune avo vanoshuvira kukanganisa kudivi renyevero, zviri nani kuti vatenge organic vhezheni yeiyo Yakasviba Dozen chikafu.

Nepo kukanganisa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka pahutano kusati kwanyatsonzwisiswa, kukosha kwekudya michero nemiriwo kune hutano, kungave kwakajairwa kana kwehupenyu, kwakasimbiswa.

Naizvozvo, haufanire kudzora mashandisiro ako zvinoenderana chete nekushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka.