Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis iko kuzvimba kweepiglottis. Iyi ndiyo tishu inovhara trachea (windpipe). Epiglottitis inogona kunge iri chirwere chinotyisa.

Epiglottis yakasimba, asi inoshanduka nyama (inonzi shwashwa) kuseri kwerurimi. Inovhara yako windpipe (trachea) kana iwe uchimedza kuti chikafu chisapinda munzira yako yemhepo. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kukosora kana kudzipwa mushure mekumedza.

Muvana, epiglottitis inowanzo kukonzerwa nehutachiona Haemophilus influenzae (H influenzae) mhando B. Mune vakuru, inowanzo kukonzerwa nemamwe mabhakitiriya akadai Strepcoccus pneumoniae, kana mavhairasi akadai seherpes simplex virus uye varicella-zoster.

Epiglottitis ikozvino haina kujairika nekuti mushonga weH influenzae werudzi B (Hib) unopihwa zvakajairika kuvana vese. Chirwere ichi chaimboonekwa kazhinji muvana vane makore maviri kusvika matanhatu. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, epiglottitis inogona kuitika muvakuru.

Epiglottitis inotanga nefivha yakakura uye huro. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kufema zvisina kujairika kurira (stridor)
• Kupindwa nechando
• Ruvara rweganda rebhuruu (cyanosis)
• Kudonhedza mvura
• Kunetseka kufema (munhu angangoda kugara akatwasuka osendamira zvishoma kumberi kufema)
• Zvakaoma kumedza
• Izwi rinochinja (hoarseness)

Iyo yemhepo nzira inogona kuvharirwa zvachose, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusungwa kwemoyo uye kufa.

Epiglottitis inogona kunge iri yekukurumidzira kwekurapa. Tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba ipapo. Usashandise chero chinhu kumanikidza rurimi pasi kuyedza kutarisa pahuro kumba. Kuita izvi kunogona kuita kuti mamiriro acho awedzere.

Anopa hutano anogona kuongorora iro izwi bhokisi (larynx) achishandisa girazi diki rakabatwa neshure kwehuro. Kana chubhu yekuona inonzi laryngoscope inogona kushandiswa. Kuongorora uku kunoitwa zviri nani mukamuri rekuvhiyira kana munzvimbo yakafanana apo matambudziko ekufema nekukasira anogona kugadziriswa nyore nyore.

Miedzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• Ropa tsika kana huro tsika
• Yakazara kuverenga ropa (CBC)
• Mutsipa x-ray

Kugara muchipatara kunodiwa, kazhinji munzvimbo yevanonyanya kutarisirwa (ICU).

Kurapa kunosanganisira nzira dzekubatsira munhu kufema, kusanganisira:

• Kufema chubhu (intubation)
• Yakanyoroveswa (humidified) okisijeni

Mimwe mishonga inogona kusanganisira:

• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kurapa hutachiona
• Mishonga inorwisa-kupisa, inonzi corticosteroids, kudzora huro kuzvimba
• Mvura inopihwa kuburikidza netsinga (na IV)

Epiglottitis inogona kutyisidzira hupenyu. Nokurapwa kwakakodzera, mhedzisiro yacho inowanzo kuve yakanaka.

Kuoma kufema kunonoka, asi chakakosha chiratidzo. Kupenga kunogona kukonzera iyo nzira yemhepo kuti ivhare kamwe kamwe. Kana, iyo nzira yemhepo inogona kuvharwa zvachose. Imwe yemamiriro ezvinhu aya inogona kuguma nerufu.

Mushonga weHib unodzivirira vana vazhinji kubva kuepiglottitis.

Utachiona hwakajairika (H furuwenza mhando b) izvo zvinokonzeresa epiglottitis inopararira nyore. Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri yako achirwara kubva kubhakitiriya iri, dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri dzinofanirwa kuyedzwa nekurapwa.

Supraglottitis

• Huro anatomi
• Haemophilus influenzae muviri

Nayak JL, Weinberg GA. Epiglottitis. Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 63.

Rodrigues KK, Roosevelt GE. Yakasimba yekumusoro yepamusoro yekuvharika yemhepo (croup, epiglottitis, laryngitis, uye bhakitiriya tracheitis). Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 412.