Chii chinonzi Aversion Therapy uye Chinoshanda?

Zvemukati

• Kurapa kwekutsiva kunoshanda sei?
• Kurapa uku ndekwani?
• Inoshanda zvakadii?
• Makakatanwa uye kushoropodza
• Dzimwe nzira dzokurapa
• Chinokosha

Aversion therapy, dzimwe nguva inonzi aversive therapy kana aversive conditioning, inoshandiswa kubatsira munhu kurega maitiro kana tsika nekuita kuti vazvibatanidze nechimwe chinhu chisingafadzi.

Aversion therapy inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekurapa vanhu vane hunhu hwekuzvibata, senge iwo anowanikwa mune doro rekushandisa kusagadzikana. Yakawanda tsvagiridzo yakatariswa pamabhenefiti ayo ane chekuita nekushandisa kwezvinhu.

Rudzi urwu rwekurapa runopokana uye kutsvaganisa kwakasanganiswa. Aversion kurapa hakuwanzo kurapwa kwekutanga-tanga uye mamwe marapirwo anosarudzwa.

Inguva yakareba sei kurapwa kuripo kwakashoropodzwa, sekunze kwerapi, kudzokazve kunogona kuitika.

Kurapa kwekutsiva kunoshanda sei?

Aversion kurapa kunoenderana kure nedzidziso yechinyakare mamiriro. Classical mamiriro ndeye kana iwe usingazive kana otomatiki kudzidza hunhu nekuda kwechimwe chakashatisa. Mune mamwe mazwi, iwe unodzidza kupindura kune chimwe chinhu zvichibva mukudzokorora kubatana nacho.

Aversion therapy inoshandisa mamiriro asi inotarisa mukugadzira mhinduro isina kunaka kune isingadiwe kukurudzira, senge kunwa doro kana kushandisa zvinodhaka.

Nguva zhinji, muvanhu vane kusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinhu, muviri unogadzirirwa kuwana mufaro kubva kuchinhu - semuenzaniso, unonaka uye unokuita kuti unzwe zvakanaka. Mukurapa kwekutendeuka, zano nderekuchinja izvo.

Iyo chaiyo nzira iyo aversion kurapwa inoitwa zvinoenderana neasingadiwe maitiro kana tsika iri kurapwa. Imwe inowanzo shandiswa yekurapa kurapwa kurapa kwemakemikari kune doro rekushandisa kusagadzikana. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza kushuva kwemunhu doro nedambudziko remakemikari.

Mumakemikari anversion, chiremba vanopa mushonga unokonzera kusvotwa kana kurutsa kana munhu ari kurapwa achinwa doro. Vanobva vavapa doro kuti munhu arware. Izvi zvinodzokororwa kudzamara munhu atanga kubatanidza kunwa doro nekunzwa kurwara uye nekudaro haachadi doro.

Dzimwe nzira dzakashandiswa pakurapa kwekuvenga dzinosanganisira:

• kuvhunduka kwemagetsi
• imwe mhando yekuvhunduka kwemuviri, senge kubva kubhandi rerabha rinobvaruka
• munhuwi usingafadzi kana kuravira
• mifananidzo yakaipa (dzimwe nguva kuburikidza nekuona)
• nyadzi

Chinyakare aversion kurapwa kunoitwa pasi pekutarisirwa kweanoshanda nezvepfungwa kana mumwe murapi. Iwe unogona, zvakadaro, shandisa aversion kutonhodza pamba-kune yakapusa tsika dzakaipa, sekuruma nzara dzako.

Kuti uite izvi, unogona kuisa jasi rakajeka rembambo dzenzara pazvipikiri zvako, izvo zvinozonaka kana waenda kunoruma.

Kurapa uku ndekwani?

Kurapa kwekutsvaira kunofungidzirwa kuti kunobatsira kune vanhu vanoda kurega hunhu kana tsika, kazhinji imwe iri kukanganisa hupenyu hwavo zvisina kunaka.

Nepo kutsvagurudza kwakawanda kwaitwa pane aversion kurapa uye doro rekushandisa kusagadzikana, kumwe kushandiswa kweiyi mhando yekurapa kwakasanganisira:

• zvimwe zvinokanganisa kushandisa zvinodhaka
• kusvuta
• kusagadzikana kwekudya
• tsika dzekutaura, sekurumwa kwembambo
• kuzvikuvadza uye hunhu hunhu
• mamwe maitiro asina kukodzera pabonde, senge voyeuristic kusagadzikana

Kutsvaga pane izvi zvinoshandiswa kwakasanganiswa. Vamwe, semafambiro ehupenyu, ave achiratidzwa seasina basa. Zvimwe zvipikirwa zvakawanikwa zvekupindwa muropa kana uchishandisa kemikari aversion.

Inoshanda zvakadii?

Kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakaratidza kuti aversion kurapwa inoshanda pakurapa doro rekushandisa kusagadzikana.

Ongororo ichangoburwa yakawana kuti vatori vechikamu vaishuva doro pamberi pekurapwa vakataura vachidzivirira doro mazuva makumi matatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe mushure mekurapwa.

Asi, kutsvagisa kuchiri kusanganiswa nezve kugona kweanorapa kurapwa. Nepo zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidza zvinovimbisa zvenguva pfupi mhedzisiro, iko kushanda kwenguva refu kunopokana.

Nepo chidzidzo chakambotaurwa chakawana kuti 69 muzana yevatori vechikamu vakataura vakadzikama gore rimwe mushure mekurapwa, kudzidza kwenguva yakareba kwaizobatsira kuona kana kwakapfuura gore rekutanga.

Mune kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakanyanya nezve aversion kurapwa muma1950, vaongorori vakaona kuderera kwekurega kwenguva. Mushure megore rimwe, makumi matanhatu muzana vakaramba vasina doro, asi yaingova 51 muzana mushure memakore maviri, 38 muzana mushure memakore mashanu, uye 23 muzana mushure memakore gumi kana kupfuura.

Zvinotendwa kuti kushomeka kwekubatsirwa kwenguva refu kunoitika nekuti kazhinji kurapa kwekukanganisa kunoitika muhofisi. Paunenge usiri kure nehofisi, iyo aversion inonetsa kuchengeta.

Nepo kurapwa kweaversion kungave kunoshanda munguva pfupi-yedoro, pave paine mhedzisiro yakavhenganiswa yekumwe kushandiswa.

Yakawanda tsvagiridzo yakawana aversion kurapwa kuve isingabatsire pakurega kuputa, kunyanya kana iko kurapa kuchisanganisira kuputa nekukurumidza. Semuenzaniso, munhu anozokumbirwa kuti apute paketi yese yemidzanga munguva pfupi pfupi kusvika varwara.

Aversion Therapic yakafungidzirwawo pakurapa kufutisa, asi yaive yekuita kune zvese zvekudya uye kuchengetedza kunze kwerapi.

Makakatanwa uye kushoropodza

Aversion kurapa kwave nekudzokera shure munguva yakapfuura nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti kushandisa zvisina kunaka kukurudzira mukukanganisa kurapwa kwakaenzana nekushandisa chirango senzira yekurapa, izvo zvisina hunhu.

Pamberi peAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) isati yazviona sekutyora kwetsika, vamwe vaongorori vakashandisa kurapa kurapa "kurapa" ungochani.

, ungochani hwaionekwa sechirwere chepfungwa muDiagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM). Vamwe vezvokurapa vaitenda kuti zvaikwanisika "kurapa". Ngochani anogona kuvharirwa kana kumanikidzwa kupinda muchirongwa chekurapa kwekuratidzira maitiro avo.

Vamwe vanhu vakatsvaga nekuzvidira izvi kana mamwe marudzi ehutano hwepfungwa nezveungochani. Izvi zvaiwanzo kukonzerwa nekunyadziswa uye kuzvipa mhosva, pamwe nerunyararo munzanga nekusarura. Zvisinei, humbowo hwakaratidza kuti "kurapwa" uku kwaive kusingashande uye kuchikuvadza.

Mushure mokunge APA yabvisa ungochani sechirwere nekuda kwehusina humbowo hwesainzi, kutsvagisa kwakawanda pamusoro pekurapa kwekuvenga ungochani kwakamira. Asi, uku kushandiswa kunokuvadza uye kusiri kwehunhu kweanorapa kurisiya riine mukurumbira wakashata.

Dzimwe nzira dzokurapa

Kurapa kweaversion kunogona kubatsira pakumisa mamwe marudzi ehunhu husingadiwe kana maitiro. Asi, nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti kunyangwe chikashandiswa, hachifanirwe kushandiswa choga.

Aversion kurapa mhando yekurapa kwekudzora. Yechipiri inonzi exposure therapy, iyo inoshanda nekufumura munhu kune chimwe chinhu chavanotya. Dzimwe nguva mhando mbiri idzi dzokurapa dzinogona kusanganiswa kuti zvive nani.

Varapi vanogona zvakare kukurudzira mamwe marudzi ehunhu hwekurapa, pamwe nezviri mukati kana kunze kwekurapa zvirongwa zvekunetseka kwekushandisa zvinodhaka. Kune vanhu vazhinji vanoona kupindwa muropa, netiweki dzekutsigira dzinogona zvakare kubatsira kuti dzirambe dziri munzira nekutora.

Mishonga inogona kupihwa mune dzimwe nguva, kusanganisira nekurega kuputa, hutano hwepfungwa, uye kufutisa.

Chinokosha

Aversion Therapy inovavarira kubatsira vanhu kurega maitiro kana maitiro asina kunaka. Kutsvagurudza kwakasanganiswa pamashandisirwo ayo, uye vanachiremba vazhinji vanogona kusakurudzira nekuda kwekushoropodza uye gakava.

Iwe nemubatsiri wako wehutano munogona kukurukura chirongwa chakakodzera chekurapa chenyu, kunyangwe icho chinosanganisira aversion therapy kana kwete. Kazhinji, musanganiswa wemishonga inosanganisira yekutaura kurapa uye mishonga inogona kukubatsira iwe kubata nekunetseka kwako.

Kana iwe uine dambudziko rekushandisa zvinodhaka kana uchitenda kuti unogona kunge uri kupindwa muropa, svikira kune mupi wezvehutano. Kana usina chokwadi chekutangira, unogona kufonera SAMHSA's National Helpline pa800-662-4357.