Visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar): chii zvazviri, zviratidzo uye kurapwa

Zvemukati

• Zviratidzo zvikuru
• Maitirwo acho anoitika sei
• Kuongororwa kweCalazar
• Kurapwa kunoitwa sei

Kala azar, inonziwo visceral leishmaniasis kana tropical splenomegaly, chirwere chinokonzerwa kunyanya neprotozoa Leishmania chagasi uye Leishmania donovani, uye inoitika kana tupukanana tudiki rwemhando yacho Lutzomyia longipalpis, inonyanya kuzivikanwa semosquito wehuswa kana birigui, inotapukirwa neimwe yeprotozoa, inoruma munhu uye inoburitsa utachiona muropa remunhu, zvichikonzera chirwere.

Rudzi rwe leishmaniasis runonyanya kubata vana vane makore anodarika gumi uye vanhu vakuru vane kushomeka kwehutano, sekushomeka kwesimbi, mavhitamini nemapuroteni, uye vanogara munzvimbo dzisina hutsanana nemamiriro ehutsanana. Dunhu reBrazilian rakanyanya kubatwa nechokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti vana ndivo vanonyanya kutapurwa nekuti vane kushaikwa kwekudya zvinovaka muviri, immune system haisati yanyatsoumbwa uye vari pachena kune mhuka.

Zviratidzo zvikuru

Mushure mekurumwa uko kunofambisa chirwere, protozoa inopararira kuburikidza neropa uye kuburikidza nenhengo dzinokonzeresa kuumbwa kwemasero eropa uye hutachiona hwemuviri, senge spleen, chiropa, lymph nodes uye mwongo wemapfupa, zvichikonzera zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• Kutonhora uye kupisa kwakanyanya, kunouya nekuenda, kwenguva refu;
• Wedzera mudumbu, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwechiropa uye chiropa;
• Kushaya simba uye kuneta zvakanyanya;
• Kuonda;
• Paleness, nekuda kwekushaya ropa kunokonzerwa nechirwere;
• Kubuda ropa zviri nyore, kune chingamu, mhino kana mutsvina, semuenzaniso;
• Kakawanda kutapukirwa, nemavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya, nekuda kwekudonha kwekuzvidzivirira;
• Manyoka.

Visceral leishmaniasis ine incubation nguva yemazuva gumi kusvika pamakore maviri, uye sezvo isiri chirwere chakajairika uye zviratidzo zvacho zvinowoneka zvishoma nezvishoma, vanogona kuvhiringidzwa nezvimwe zvirwere zvakaita semalaria, typhoid, dengue kana Zika, semuenzaniso. Naizvozvo, muhupo hwezviratidzo izvi, zvakakosha kutsvaga kurapwa kuitira kuti kuongororwa kuitwe uye kwakakodzera kurapwa kwakatangwa.

Inofanira kuyeukwa kuti maronda eganda nemaronda anokonzerwa neimwe mhando yeleishmaniasis, inonzi yakachekwa kana yekucheka. Ziva zvinokonzeresa uye maitiro ekuziva akacheka leishmaniasis.

Maitirwo acho anoitika sei

Dura hombe reprotozoa rinotungamira kala azar imbwa uye, nekudaro, dzinoonekwawo sosi sosi yehutachiona hwechipembenene. Ndokunge, kana chipembenene chikaruma imbwa ine hutachiona, chinowana iyo protozoan, iyo inokura mumuviri wayo uye inogona kutapurirwa kumunhu kuburikidza nekurumwa. Hadzisi imbwa dzese dzinotakura Leishmania chagasi kana Leishmania donovani, iyo inowanzoitika kune imbwa dzisingagare dzichiswinyiwa kana dzisingagamuchire zvakakwana.

Kana utachiona hwacho hwuri mune hwechipembenene, hunogona kukurumidza kusimuka wozoenda kumatope egate. Kana chipembenene chine hutachiona chikaruma munhu, chinopfuudza hutachiona huripo mumatope ayo eropa muropa remunhu, zvichipararira nyore nenhengo.

Kuongororwa kweCalazar

Kuongororwa kweiyo visceral leishmaniasis kunoitwa neparasitological bvunzo, umo tsika yemabhonzo, spleen kana chiropa inoitwa kuitira kuona imwe yemhando dzekushanduka dzeprotozoan. Uye zvakare, kuongororwa kwacho kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza nemiedzo yekuzvidzivirira muviri, senge ELISA, kana immunochromatographs, ayo anozivikanwa mukurumbira semiedzo inokurumidza.

Iko kusagadzikana kweyemuedzo wemujoni ndeyekuti kunyangwe mushure mekurapwa, zvinokwanisika kuti pachine huwandu hwakakwana hwezvirwere, izvo zvinoratidza hutachiona. Zvisinei, mune izvi zviitiko, zvakakosha kuti chiremba aongorore kuvepo kwezviratidzo, nekuti kana pasina zviratidzo, kurapwa hakuratidzwe.

Kurapwa kunoitwa sei

Kurapa kwekare azar kunofanira kutanga nekukurumidza uye kunogona kuitwa nekushandiswa kwemimwe mishonga, senge Pentavalent Antimonial Compound, Amphotericin B uye Pentamidine, iyo inofanirwa kuratidzwa nachiremba uye inoshandiswa maererano nezvaanorairwa.

Pakutanga kurapwa zvakakoshawo kutora matanho, sekuongorora nekudzikamisa mamiriro emakiriniki, sekushomeka kwekudya zvinovaka muviri uye kubuda ropa, kuwedzera pakurapa kwehumwe hutachiona hunoperekedza. Zvinogona kunge zvichidikanwa kuramba uri muchipatara nekuda kwekushandisa mishonga mutsinga, asi mune zviitiko apo hutachiona hwakagadzikana uye paine mukana wekupinda muchipatara, chiremba anogona kukurudzira kurapwa kumba uye kuenda kuchipatara kuti vateedzere.

Chirwere ichi chinofanirwa kurapwa nekukasira, sezvo chichiwedzera kuipa mumazuva mashoma uye nekudaro munhu akabatwa anogona kutambura nekutyisidzira hupenyu senge hutachiona hwemapapu, kufema kufema, kufema kweropa, kutenderera kweropa kana nekuda kwehutachiona hunowanikwa, nemavirusi uye mabhakitiriya. Tsvaga rumwe ruzivo nezve kurapwa kwe visceral leishmaniasis.