Colorectal (Colon) Kenza

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi kenza yakajeka?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekenza yakajeka?
• Chikamu chechitatu kana chechina zviratidzo (yekupedzisira nhanho zviratidzo)
• Pane mhando dzakasiyana dzekenza yakajeka here?
• Chii chinokonzera colorectal cancer?
• Ndiani ari panjodzi yekenza yakajeka?
• Yakagadziriswa njodzi njodzi
• Inochinjika njodzi njodzi
• Kenza yakajeka inoonekwa sei?
• Kuedzwa kwekuyera
• Guaiac-yakavakirwa fecal zvemashiripiti eropa bvunzo (gFOBT)
• Fecal immunochemical bvunzo (FIT)
• Ku-kumba bvunzo
• Zvigadzirwa zvekuyedza
• Kuongorora ropa
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Colonoscopy
• X-ray
• CT scan
• Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa kenza yakajeka?
• Kuvhiya
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation
• Mimwe mishonga
• Ndeipi chiyero chekupona chevanhu vane colorectal cancer?
• Kenza yakajeka ingadzivirirwa here?
• Ndeipi tarisiro yenguva refu?

Isu tinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvatinofunga zvinobatsira kuvaverengi vedu. Kana iwe ukatenga kuburikidza nehukama pane ino peji, isu tinogona kuwana diki komisheni. Heano maitiro edu.

Chii chinonzi kenza yakajeka?

Colorectal cancer igomarara rinotanga mukoloni (hombe ura) kana rectum. Dzese nhengo idzi dziri muchikamu chepazasi chenzira yako yekugaya. Iyo rectum iri kumagumo ekoloni.

IAmerican Cancer Society (ACS) inofungidzira kuti vangangoita mumwe chete pavarume makumi maviri nevaviri uye mumwe chete pavakadzi makumi maviri nevashanu anozoita gomarara rakaomarara panguva yeupenyu hwavo.

Chiremba wako anogona kushandisa staging sechirevo chekuona kuti kure negomarara kuri kure zvakadii. Zvakakosha kuti chiremba wako azive danho rekenza kuitira kuti vagone kuuya nehurongwa hwakanakisa hwekurapa kwauri uye kukupa fungidziro yemafungiro ako kwenguva refu.

Chikamu 0 kenza yakajeka kenza ndiyo yekutanga nhanho, uye danho rechina ndiro danho repamberi.

• Chikamu 0. Iyo inozivikanwawo secarcinoma in situ, mune ino nhanho masero asina kujairika ari mukati memukati memukati wekoloni kana rectum.
• Chikamu 1. Gomarara rapinda mukati, kana mucosa, yekoloni kana rectum uye inogona kunge yakura kuita mhasuru. Haina kupararira kune lymph nodes iri pedyo kana kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.
• Chikamu 2. Gomarara rapararira kumadziro ekoloni kana rectum kana kuburikidza nemadziro kusvika kumatukisi ari padyo asi harina kukanganisa ma lymph node.
• Chikamu 3. Gomarara raenda kuma lymph node asi kwete kune mamwe mativi emuviri.
• Chikamu 4. Kenza yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dziri kure, senge chiropa kana mapapu.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekenza yakajeka?

Colorectal cancer inogona kusaratidza chero zviratidzo, kunyanya mumatanho ekutanga. Kana iwe ukaona zviratidzo mukati mematanho ekutanga, anogona kusanganisira:

• kuvimbiswa
• manyoka
• shanduko muchituru chevara
• shanduko mune stool chimiro, senge chakadzikisira chetsoka
• ropa muchitsiko
• kubuda ropa kubva muguru
• gasi rakawandisa
• kurwadziwa nemudumbu
• marwadzo emudumbu

Kana iwe ukacherekedza chero cheizvi zviratidzo, ita musangano nachiremba wako kuti ukurukure nezve kutora colorectal cancer kuongorora.

Chikamu chechitatu kana chechina zviratidzo (yekupedzisira nhanho zviratidzo)

Zviratidzo zvekenza zvakajeka zvinonyanya kuoneka mumatanho ekupedzisira (nhanho 3 ne4). Pamusoro pezviratidzo zviri pamusoro, iwe unogona zvakare kuona:

• kuneta zvakanyanya
• kusanzwisisika kushaya simba
• kurasikirwa nemaune uremu
• shanduko muchigaro chako chinogara kwenguva inopfuura mwedzi
• kunzwa kuti ura hwako hahuzozara zvachose
• kurutsa

Kana kenza yakajeka ichipararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri wako, unogona zvakare kuona:

• jaundice, kana yero maziso uye ganda
• kuzvimba mumaoko kana mutsoka
• kufema kunetseka
• kusingaperi kwemusoro
• kuona kwakadzikama
• pfupa kutsemuka

Pane mhando dzakasiyana dzekenza yakajeka here?

Nepo kenza yemavara inonzwika ichizvitsanangudza, pane mhando inopfuura imwe chete. Misiyano iyi ine chekuita nemhando dzemasero anoshandura kenza pamwe nekwaanogadzira.

Rudzi rwakajairika rwecolorectal cancer rinotanga kubva adenocarcinomas. Sekureva kweAACS, adenocarcinomas inoumba kenza dzakawanda dzakajeka. Kunze kwekunge chiremba wako ataura neimwe nzira, kenza yako yakajeka ingangoita iyi mhando.

Adenocarcinomas inoumba mukati memasero anogadzira mamasi mukati mekoloni kana rectum.

Zvishoma pane zvakajairika, macancer ecolorectal anokonzerwa nemamwe marudzi emamota, akadai se:

• lymphomas, iyo inogona kuumba mune lymph node kana mukoloni kutanga
• carcinoids, iyo inotanga mumasero ekugadzira mahormoni mukati medumbu rako
• sarcomas, ayo anoumba mune zvinyoro zvinyama senge mhasuru mukoloni
• gastrointestinal stromal tumors, ayo anogona kutanga as benign uye ozoita cancer (Ivo vanowanzo fomu mune yekugaya turakiti, asi kashoma mukoloni.)

Chii chinokonzera colorectal cancer?

Vatsvakurudzi vachiri kuongorora zvikonzero zvecolorectal cancer.

Gomarara rinogona kukonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini, kungave kugarwa nhaka kana kuwanikwa. Shanduko idzi hadzivimbise kuti uchave nekenza yakajeka, asi zvinowedzera mikana yako.

Dzimwe shanduko dzinogona kukonzera masero asina kujairika kuunganidzwa mumutsara wekoloni, achiumba polyps. Izvi zvidiki, zvisina kunaka kukura.

Kubvisa uku kukura kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa kunogona kuve nzira yekudzivirira. Kusarapwa polyps kunogona kuita cancer.

Ndiani ari panjodzi yekenza yakajeka?

Kune runyorwa rwuri kukura rwezvinhu zvine njodzi zvinoshanda zvega kana musanganiswa kuwedzera mikana yemunhu yekuva nekenza yakajeka.

Yakagadziriswa njodzi njodzi

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinowedzera mukana wako wekurwara nekenza yakajeka hazvidziviriki uye hazvigone kuchinjwa. Age ndeimwe yacho. Mukana wako wekuvandudza gomarara iri unowedzera mushure mekusvitsa makore makumi mashanu.

Zvimwe zvinomisikidzwa zvine njodzi ndeizvi:

• nhoroondo yepamberi yekoloni polyps
• nhoroondo yepamberi yezvirwere zvemuviri
• nhoroondo yemhuri yekenza yakajeka
• kuva nedzimwe geni syndromes, senge yemhuri adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• kuva werudzi rweEastern Europe rwechiJuda kana rweAfrica

Inochinjika njodzi njodzi

Zvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinodzivirirwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kuzvishandura kudzikisa njodzi yako yekuva nekenza yakajeka. Zvinodzivirirwa zvine njodzi zvinosanganisira:

• kunyanyisa kana kuti kufutisa
• kuva munhu anosvuta
• kuva chidhakwa
• kuva nechirwere cheshuga cheshuga
• kuva nehupenyu hwekugara
• kupedza chikafu chakakwira munyama dzakagadziriswa

Kenza yakajeka inoonekwa sei?

Ongororo yekutanga yekenza yakajeka inokupa iwe mukana wakanaka wekurapa.

IAmerican College of Physicians (ACP) inokurudzira kuongororwa kwevanhu vane makore makumi mashanu kusvika makumi manomwe nemashanu ekuberekwa, pahuwandu hwehutachiona hwemamiriro ezvinhu, uye vane tarisiro yeupenyu hwemakore gumi.

Izvo zvinokurudzira kuongororwa kwevanhu vane makore makumi mashanu- kusvika makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe- uye vane makore gumi nemashanu njodzi yekuvandudza mamiriro acho angangoita 3 muzana.

Chiremba wako anotanga nekuwana ruzivo nezve yako yekurapa uye nhoroondo yemhuri. Vachaitawo bvunzo dzepanyama. Vanogona kumanikidza padumbu rako kana kuita rectal bvunzo kuti vaone kana mapundu kana polyps aripo.

Kuedzwa kwekuyera

Unogona kuita fecal kuyedzwa kwega kwega kusvika kumakore maviri. Fecal bvunzo dzinoshandiswa kuona yakavanzwa ropa muchigaro chako. Kune maviri akakosha marudzi, iyo guaiac-based fecal zvemashiripiti eropa bvunzo (gFOBT) uye iyo fecal immunochemical test (FIT).

Guaiac-yakavakirwa fecal zvemashiripiti eropa bvunzo (gFOBT)

Guaiac chinhu chakasimwa-chinoshandiswa kupfekedza kadhi rine rako stool sampuro. Kana paine chero ropa riripo muchigaro chako, kadhi rinozochinja ruvara.

Iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira zvimwe zvekudya nemishonga, senge nyama tsvuku uye nonsteroidal anti-anogumbura zvinodhaka (NSAIDs), pamberi peiyi bvunzo. Dzinogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yako bvunzo.

Fecal immunochemical bvunzo (FIT)

Iyo FIT inoona hemoglobin, protein inowanikwa muropa. Inotariswa seyakajeka kupfuura iyo guaiac-based test.

Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo FIT haigone kuona kubuda kweropa kubva kumusoro kwepamusoro gastrointestinal turakiti (mhando yekubuda ropa iyo isingawanzo kukonzerwa nekenza yakajeka). Zvakare, mhedzisiro yeiyi bvunzo haina kukanganiswa nezvikafu nemishonga.

Ku-kumba bvunzo

Nekuti akawanda masituru esampuro anodikanwa kune aya bvunzo, chiremba wako anogona kukupa iwe yekuyedza kits yekushandisa pamba zvinopesana nekuita iwe kuti uende ku-muhofisi kuyedzwa.

Yese bvunzo inogona kuitwawo neepamba-bvunzo kits dzakatengwa online kubva kumakambani akadai seLetsGetChecked uye Everlywell

Mazhinji makiti akatengwa pamhepo anoda kuti iwe utumire stool sampuro kubva kubazi kuti uongorore. Mhedzisiro yako inofanirwa kuwanikwa online mukati memazuva mashanu ebhizinesi. Mushure meizvozvo, iwe unenge uine mukana wekubvunza timu yekurapwa nezve ako mhedzisiro.

Yechipiri Chizvarwa FIT inogona zvakare kutengwa online, asi stool sampuro haifanire kutumirwa kune lab. Mhinduro dzekuedzwa dzinowanikwa mukati memaminitsi mashanu. Uyu muedzo wakarurama, FDA-inogamuchirwa, uye inokwanisa kuona mamwe mamiriro akadai secolitis. Zvisinei, hapana boka rekurapa rekurapa kuti usvike kana iwe uine mibvunzo nezve mhedzisiro yako.

Zvigadzirwa zvekuyedza

Ku-kumba bvunzo dzinogona kushandiswa kuona ropa muchigaro, chiratidzo chakakosha checolorectal cancer. Tenga ivo pamhepo:

• LetsGetChecked Colon Cancer Kuongorora Bvunzo
• Everlywell FIT Colon Cancer Kuongorora Bvunzo
• Chechipiri Chizvarwa FIT (Fecal Immunochemical Bvunzo)

Kuongorora ropa

Chiremba wako anogona kumhanyisa kumwe kuongorora kweropa kuti uwane pfungwa iri nani yezviri kukonzera zviratidzo zvako. Chiropa chinoshanda bvunzo uye yakakwana ropa kuverenga kunogona kutonga kunze kwezvimwe zvirwere uye kusagadzikana.

Sigmoidoscopy

Zvishoma zvinopinda, sigmoidoscopy inobvumidza chiremba wako kuti aongorore chikamu chekupedzisira chekoloni yako, inozivikanwa se sigmoid colon, yekusagadzikana. Iyo nzira, inozivikanwawo seinoshanduka sigmoidoscopy, inosanganisira inochinjika chubhu ine mwenje pairi.

Iyo ACP inokurudzira sigmoidoscopy makore ese gumi, nepo BMJ ichikurudzira sigmoidoscopy yenguva imwe.

Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy inosanganisira kushandiswa kwetyhubhu refu ine kamera diki yakasungirirwa. Maitiro aya anotendera chiremba wako kuti aone mukati mekoloni yako uye rectum kuti atarise chero chisina kujairika. Inowanzoitwa mushure mekuedzwa kushoma kwekuongorora kuongororwa kunoratidza kuti unogona kuve nekenza yakajeka.

Munguva yekolonoscopy, chiremba wako anogona zvakare kubvisa zvinyama kubva munzvimbo dzisina kujairika. Aya matissue sampuli anogona kuzotumirwa kurabhoritari kunoongororwa.

Kunze kwenzira dziripo dzekuongorora, sigmoidoscopies uye colonoscopies ndizvo zvinonyanya kushanda pakuona kukura kwehunhu kunogona kukura kuita kenza yakajeka.

IAACP inokurudzira colonoscopy makore gumi, nepo BMJ ichikurudzira imwe-nguva colonoscopy.

X-ray

Chiremba wako anogona kuraira X-ray achishandisa radioactive mutsauko mhinduro iyo ine kemikari element barium.

Chiremba wako anoisa ichi chemukati muura hwako kuburikidza nekushandisa barium enema. Pane imwe nzvimbo, iyo bharamu mhinduro inopfekedza machira ekoloni. Izvi zvinobatsira kuvandudza mhando yemifananidzo yeX-ray.

CT scan

CT scans inopa chiremba wako nemufananidzo wakadzama wekoloni yako. A CT scan iyo inoshandiswa kuongorora kenza yakajeka dzimwe nguva inonzi virtual colonoscopy.

Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa kenza yakajeka?

Kurapa kwekenza yakajeka kunobva pane zvakasiyana zvinhu. Mamiriro ehutano hwako hwese uye nhanho yekenza yako yakajeka ichabatsira chiremba wako kugadzira chirongwa chekurapa.

Kuvhiya

Mumatanho ekutanga ekenza yakajeka, zvinogona kuitika kuti chiremba wako abvise kenza polyp kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa. Kana iyo polyp isina kunamatira kumadziro emukati, iwe ungangove uine yakajeka tarisiro.

Kana kenza yako yapararira mukati memadziro emukati, chiremba wako anovhiya angangoda kubvisa chikamu chekoloni kana rectum pamwe nechero lymph node dzepedyo. Kana zvichikwanisika, chiremba wako anovhiya achaisazve chikamu chine hutano chekoloni kune rectum.

Kana izvi zvisingaite, vanogona kuita colostomy. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira kuvhurika mudumbu remadziro ekubvisa marara. Colostomy inogona kunge iri yenguva pfupi kana yekusingaperi.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga kuuraya cancer maseru. Kune vanhu vane colorectal cancer, chemotherapy inowanzoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kana ichishandiswa kuparadza chero anononoka maseru ane cancer. Chemotherapy zvakare inodzora kukura kwemamota.

Chemotherapy mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa kenza yakajeka inosanganisira:

• capecitabine (Xeloda)
• fluoracil
• oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
• irinotecan (Camptosar)

Chemotherapy inowanzo kuuya nemhedzisiro mhedzisiro inoda kudzorwa nemimwe mishonga.

Radiation

Radiation inoshandisa danda rine simba, rakafanana neiro rinoshandiswa muX-ray, kunongedza nekuparadza maseru ane cancer pamberi uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Radiation therapy inowanzoitika pamwe chete nemakemikari.

Mimwe mishonga

Dzinotarisirwa kurapwa uye immunotherapies inogona zvakare kukurudzirwa. Zvinodhaka zvakagamuchirwa neKudya neDrug Administration (FDA) kurapa kenza yakajeka zvinosanganisira:

• bevacizumab (Avastin)
• ramucirumab (Cyramza)
• ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap)
• cetuximab (Erbitux)
• panitumumab (Vectibix)
• regorafenib (Stivarga)
• pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
• nivolumab (Opdivo)
• ipilimumab (Yervoy)

Vanogona kurapa metastatic, kana yekupedzisira-nhanho, gomarara rakasarudzika risingapindure kune mamwe marudzi ekurapa uye rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.

Ndeipi chiyero chekupona chevanhu vane colorectal cancer?

Kuve nekenza yakajeka kenza kuongororwa kunogona kunetsekana, asi mhando yekenza iyi inorapika zvakanyanya, kunyanya painobatwa nekukurumidza.

Makore mashanu ekupona pamatanho ese ekenza yekoloni inofungidzirwa kuve makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana zvichienderana nedata kubva muna2009 kusvika 2015. Nezvegomarara renhorosi, makore mashanu ekupona mwero ndeye 67 muzana

Iyo makore mashanu-ekupona mwero inoratidza iyo chikamu chevanhu vakapona angangoita makore mashanu mushure mekuongororwa.

Matanho ekurapa auyawo nenzira refu yezviitiko zvemberi zvegomarara rekoloni.

Sekureva kweUniversity yeTexas Southwestern Medical Center, muna 2015, avhareji yekupona nguva yechikamu chechina kenza yemukoni yaive nemwedzi makumi matatu. Muma1990, avhareji yaive mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika kumasere.

Panguva imwecheteyo, vanachiremba vava kuona gomarara rakajeka muvanhu vadiki. Zvimwe zveizvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekusarongeka kwehupenyu sarudzo.

Sekureva kweAACS, nepo kenza yemakoko kufa kwakaderera muvanhu vakuru, kufa kwevanhu vari pasi pemakore makumi mashanu kwakawedzera pakati pa2008 na2017.

Kenza yakajeka ingadzivirirwa here?

Dzimwe njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekenza yakajeka, senge nhoroondo yemhuri uye zera, hazvidzivirirwe.

Nekudaro, mararamiro ehupenyu anogona kupa cancer yakajeka vari inodzivirirwa, uye inogona kubatsira kudzikisira njodzi yako yekuvandudza chirwere ichi.

Unogona kutora matanho izvozvi kudzikisa njodzi yako ne:

• kudzikisira huwandu hwenyama tsvuku yaunodya
• kudzivirira nyama dzakagadziriswa, senge dzinopisa imbwa uye nyama dzekudyira
• kudya zvimwe zvekudyara-zvinodyiwa
• kudzikira kwemafuta ekudya
• kurovedza muviri zuva nezuva
• kurasikirwa nehuremu, kana chiremba wako achikurudzira
• kurega kusvuta
• kuderedza kunwa doro
• kuderera kunetseka
• kubata preexisting chirwere cheshuga

Imwe nzira yekudzivirira ndeyekuti uve nechokwadi chekuti wawana colonoscopy kana kumwe kuongorora kwegomarara mushure memakore makumi mashanu. Iyo yekutanga kenza ikaonekwa, zvirinani mhedzisiro.

Ndeipi tarisiro yenguva refu?

Kana ikabatwa kare, kenza yakajeka inogona kurapwa.

Nekutanga kuona, vanhu vazhinji vanorarama kweanopfuura mamwe makore mashanu mushure mekuongororwa. Kana gomarara risingadzoke panguva iyoyo, pane mukana wakaderera kwazvo wekudzokazve, kunyanya kana iwe uine chirwere chepakutanga.