5 Mafirimu Anoita Izvo Zvakarurama: Zviitiko zveMunhu zveHIV neAIDS

Zvemukati

• Kuziva kwekutanga
• Hunhu hwehukama hweveruzhinji dambudziko
• Ndichitarisa kumashure
• Boka repasi rose rakakurumbira reAIDS
• Vapenyu venguva refu-vanoratidza nzira yekumberi

Nzira iyo HIV neAIDS inoratidzwa nekukurukurwa munhau yakachinja zvakanyanya mukati memakumi emakore apfuura. Yakanga iri chete muna 1981 - asingasviki makore makumi mana apfuura - iyo New York Times yakaburitsa chinyorwa chakazozivikanwa zvisina mukurumbira se "gomarara regayeti" nyaya.

Nhasi, tine ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro peHIV neAIDS, pamwe nemishonga inoshanda. Vari munzira, vagadziri vemafirimu vakagadzira hunyanzvi uye vakanyora chokwadi chehupenyu hwevanhu uye zviitiko neHIV neAIDS. Idzi nyaya dzaita zvinopfuura kubata moyo yevanhu. Vakasimudza ruzivo uye vakatarisa denda kumeso kwemunhu.

Dzakawanda dzenyaya idzi dzinonyanya kutarisa pahupenyu hwevarume ngochani. Pano, ndinotarisa zvakadzama mafirimu mashanu uye zvinyorwa zvinozviwana chaizvo pakuratidzira zviitiko zvevarume ngochani mudenda iri.

Kuziva kwekutanga

Vanopfuura vanhu zviuru zvishanu vaive vafa nematambudziko ane chekuita neAIDS muUnited States panguva iyo "An Early Frost" payakaturikwa musi waNovember 11, 1985. Actor Rock Hudson akange afa mwedzi wapfuura, mushure mekuve munhu wekutanga ane mukurumbira kuzivisa pachena nezve ake HIV mamiriro pakutanga kwezhizha. HIV yakange yaonekwa sechikonzero cheAIDS gore rakapfuura. Uye, kubvira payakabvumidzwa kutanga kwa1985, kuongororwa kwehutachiona hweHIV kwakatanga kuzivisa vanhu kuti ndiani "ane" uye ndiani asina.

Mutambo wakaitirwa-we-terevhizheni wakadhonza vateereri vakuru veTV kupfuura Muvhuro Husiku Bhora. Yakakunda vatatu ve14 Emmy Award mazita avakagamuchira. Asi zvakarasikirwa nehafu yemiriyoni yemadhora nekuti vashambadziri vaive nehanya nekutsigira firimu nezveHIV-AIDS.

Mu "An Early Frost," Aidan Quinn - achangotanga basa rake rinotungamira mu "Kutsvaga Kushuva Susan" - anoratidza gweta rine mukurumbira reChicago Michael Pierson, uyo anoda kuita shamwari mukambani yake. Iyewo ane shungu dzekuvanza hukama hwake neanogara-mudiwa Peter (D.W Moffett).

Kukosora kwekukosora isu tinotanga kunzwa Michael paakagara pana amai vake guru piano inowedzera. Pakupedzisira, anodonha panguva yekushanda-mushure mekambani pafemu yemagweta. Akabvumirwa kuchipatara kekutanga.

“AIDS? Uri kundiudza kuti ndine AIDS? ” anodaro Michael kuna chiremba wake, akavhiringidzika uye akatsamwa mushure mekutenda kuti akange azvidzivirira. Kufanana nevanhu vazhinji, haasati anzwisisa kuti anogona kunge akabata HIV makore apfuura.

Chiremba anovimbisa Michael kuti hachisi chirwere che "ngochani". "Hazvina kumboitika," akadaro chiremba. "Varume ngochani vanga vari vekutanga kuiwana munyika muno, asi kwave nevamwe - hemophiliacs, intravenous vanoshandisa zvinodhaka, uye hazvigumire ipapo."

Kunze kwebvudzi rakakura uye rakapetana-rakapfekerwa majaketi ma1980, kuratidzwa kwemurume ngochani ane AIDS mu "An Early Frost" anorova kumba. Anopfuura makumi matatu emakore gare gare, vanhu vachiri kugona kuziva nezvedambudziko rake. Anofanirwa kupa mhuri yake yemudhorobha zvidimbu zviviri zvenhau panguva imwe chete: "Ndiri ngochani uye ndine AIDS."

Hunhu hwehukama hweveruzhinji dambudziko

Nekutarisa zvinoitwa neHIV neAIDS padanho repamoyo, remunhu, "An Early Frost" akaisa nhanho yemamwe mafirimu akatevera.

Muna 1989, semuenzaniso, "Longtime Companion" ndiyo yekutanga firimu rakaburitswa rakakura kutarisa zviitiko zvevanhu vane HIV neAIDS. Zita remufirimu rinobva pazwi rekuti New York Times raishandiswa muma1980 kutsanangura murume kana murume wepabonde mumwe munhu akafa nechirwere chine chekuita neAIDS. Nyaya yacho inotanga muna Chikunguru 3, 1981, New York Times payakaburitsa chinyorwa chayo nezve "kubuda" kwekenza isingawanzoitika munharaunda yeungochani.

Kubudikidza nenhevedzano yezviitiko zvakatemwa nemusi, isu tinowona huwandu hunoparadza uhwo husina kumisikidzwa nezvirwere zvine chekuita neHIV neAIDS pavarume vanoverengeka nedenderedzwa ravo reshamwari. Mamiriro uye zviratidzo zvatinoona zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwekudzora dundira, kufenda, mabayo, toxoplasmosis, uye kuora mwoyo - pakati pevamwe.

Chiitiko chakakurumbira chekuvhara che "Longtime Companion" chakava chevazhinji vedu mhando yemunamato wakagovaniswa. Vatatu vevatambi vanofamba pamwe pamwe nemahombekombe paFire Island, vachirangarira imwe nguva pamberi peAIDS, vachifunga nezvekuwana mushonga. Muchidimbu mafungidziro akateedzana, ivo vakakomberedzwa, sekushanyirwa kwekudenga, neshamwari dzavo dzakanyanyisa kuenda uye vadikanwa - vachimhanya, vachiseka, vari vapenyu - vanokurumidza kuparara zvakare.

Ndichitarisa kumashure

Kufambira mberi mune zvekurapa kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kurarama hupenyu hwakareba, hune hutano neHIV, pasina kufambira mberi kusvika kuAIDS nezvinetso zvakabatana nayo. Asi mamwe mafirimu achangoburwa anojekesa maronda epfungwa ekurarama kwemakore mazhinji nechirwere chinotemerwa musoro. Kune vazhinji, maronda iwayo anonzwa-akadzika-uye anogona kudzikisira kunyange avo vakakwanisa kurarama kwenguva yakareba.

Kubvunzurudza nevarume vana ngochani - Shanti chipangamazano Ed Wolf, wezvematongerwo enyika Paul Boneberg, muoni ane hutachiona hweHIV Daniel Goldstein, mutambi-florist Guy Clark - uye mukono wepabonde mukoti Eileen Glutzer anounza dambudziko reHIV muSan Francisco kuti rive rakajeka, akarangarira hupenyu mune 2011 gwaro. “Takanga Tiri Pano.” Iyi firimu yakatanga kuratidzwa kuSundance Film Festival uye yakahwina akati wandei Zvinyorwa zveGore mibairo.

"Kana ndichitaura nevechidiki," anodaro Goldstein mufirimu, "Vanoti 'Zvanga zvakaita sei?' Chinhu choga chandingafananidza nenzvimbo yehondo, asi vazhinji vedu hatina kumbogara munzvimbo yehondo. Waisamboziva kuti bhomba raizoitei. "

Kune vanoita nzanga vanoita zvematongerwo enyika vakaita saBoneberg, director wekutanga weboka repasi rose rekuratidzira nezveAIDS, Mobilization Against AIDS, hondo yaive pamativi maviri panguva imwe chete. Vakarwa zviwanikwa zvekugadzirisa hutachiwana hweHIV-AIDS kunyangwe pavaisundira kumashure kurwisa ruvengo kune varume ngochani. "Vakomana vakaita seni," anodaro, "vanongoerekana vari muboka diki iri vanomanikidzwa kubata nemamiriro ezvinhu asingatendeseki enharaunda iyo, kuwedzera mukuvengwa nekurwiswa, yava kumanikidzwa vega kuyedza kutsvaga nzira yekuita nayo njodzi inoshamisa iyi. ”

Boka repasi rose rakakurumbira reAIDS

Iyo Oscar-yakasarudzika zvinyorwa "Maitiro Ekurarama Denda" inopa kumashure-kwe-zviitiko kutarisa kumisangano yevhiki nevhiki yeAIT UP-New York uye kuratidzira kukuru. Inotanga nekuratidzira kwekutanga, paWall Street, munaKurume 1987 mushure mekunge AZT yava mushonga wekutanga unobvumidzwa neFDA kurapa HIV. Waive zvakare mushonga unodhura zvakanyanya kusati kwasvika panguva iyoyo, uchiita madhora zviuru gumi pagore.

Zvichida nguva inoshamisa yefirimu muratidziri Larry Kramer kupfeka-pasi kweboka racho pacharo panguva yemumwe musangano wayo. "ACT UP yatorerwa nekapenga kemupengo," anodaro. “Hapana anobvumirana nechinhu, chatingaite kusimudzira vanhu mazana mashoma pakuratidzira. Izvo hazvisi kuzoita kuti chero munhu ateerere. Kwete kusvikira tawana mamirioni kunze uko. Hatigone kuzviita. Zvese zvatinoita isu tatarisana, uye topopotedzana. Ini ndinotaura chinhu chimwe chete kwauri icho chandakati muna 1981, pakave nemhosva makumi mana nenomwe: Kusvikira taita zviito zvedu pamwe chete, isu tese takaita kunge takafa. ”

Mashoko iwayo anogona kunzwika seanotyisa, asi ari kukurudzirawo. Mukutarisana nedambudziko uye nezvirwere, vanhu vanogona kuratidza simba risingadaviriki. Nhengo yeAIT UP yechipiri-inonyanya kuzivikanwa nhengo, Peter Staley, inofunga izvi kusvika kumagumo emufirimu. Anoti, "Kuti uve uyo anotyisidzirwa nekutsakatika, uye ku kwete kurara pasi, asi pachinzvimbo chekumira tichirwira nenzira yatakazviita nayo, nzira yatinozvitarisira isu pachedu, kunaka kwatakaratidza, hunhu hwatakataridza pasirese, zvinongofungidzira, zvinongoshamisira . ”

Vapenyu venguva refu-vanoratidza nzira yekumberi

Rudzi irworwo rwekushingirira kunoshamisa kunoonekwa mune varume ngochani vakafemerwa mu "Varume Vokupedzisira Vakamira," iro gwaro ra2016 rakagadzirwa neSan Francisco Chronicle Iyi firimu inotarisa pane zvakaitika kune avo vakapona kwenguva refu muHIV muSan Francisco. Ava ndivo varume vanga vachirarama nehutachiona kure kupfuura kwavanotarisira "mazuva ekupera" akafanotaurwa makore apfuura zvichienderana neruzivo rwekurapa wenguva iyoyo.

Kupokana neshure kunoshamisa kweSan Francisco, iyo firimu inosanganisa pamwechete kucherechedzwa kwevarume vasere uye mukoti wechikadzi akachengeta vanhu vanorarama neHIV paSan Francisco General Hospital kubvira pakatanga denda iri.

Kunge mafirimu ema1980, "Varume Vokupedzisira Vakamira" zvinotiyeuchidza kuti denda rakakura seHIV-AIDS - UNAIDS inoshuma inofungidzirwa kuti varume nevakadzi vane mamirioni makumi manomwe nematanhatu vakabatira HIV kubva pakaitika nyaya dzekutanga muna 1981 - ichiri kudzikira kune imwe nyaya . Nyaya dzakanakisa, senge idzo dziri mufirimu, dzinotiyeuchidza isu tese kuti hupenyu huzhinji hunouya kune nyaya dzatinozviudza isu pamusoro pezviitiko zvedu, uye mune dzimwe nguva, kutambura, "kunoreva."

Nekuti "Varume Vokupedzisira Vakamira" vanopemberera hunhu hwevanotongwa navo - zvinovashungurudza, kutya, tariro, uye mufaro - meseji yaro ndeyepasirese. Ganymede, wepakati munhu muzvinyorwa, anopa meseji yehungwaru-hwakawanikwa hungabatsira chero munhu anoda kuinzwa.

"Ini handidi chaizvo kutaura nezve kushungurudzika uye kurwadziwa kwandakagara nako," anodaro, "zvimwe nekuti vanhu vazhinji havadi kuzvinzwa, chikamu nekuti zvinorwadza kwazvo. Zvakakosha kuti nyaya irarame asi isu hatifanire kutambura kuburikidza nenyaya yacho. Tinoda kuburitsa kushungurudzika uku uye nekuenderera mberi kuhupenyu hupenyu. Saka nepo ini ndichida kuti iyo nyaya irege kukanganikwa, ini handidi kuti ive iyo nyaya inomhanyisa hupenyu hwedu. Iyo nyaya yekusimba, yemufaro, yekufara kwekupona, yekukura, yekudzidza izvo zvakakosha uye zvakakosha muhupenyu - ndizvo zvandinoda kurarama nazvo. ”

Yenguva yakareba hutano uye mutapi wenhau John-Manuel Andriote ndiye munyori wa Kukunda Kunosarudzwa: Kuchinja kweAIDS Hupenyu hweGay muAmerica. Bhuku rake razvino kwazvo ndere Stonewall Yakasimba: Ngochani Varume Hondo Yemhare Yekusimba, Hutano Hwakanaka, uye Nharaunda Yakasimba. Andriote anonyora iyo "Stonewall Yakasimba" blog pakusimba kwePsychology Nhasi.