Munyori: Eugene Taylor
Zuva Rekusika: 14 Nyamavhuvhu 2021
Gadziridza Zuva: 16 Mbudzi 2024
Anonim
Phenylketonuria - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
Vhidhiyo: Phenylketonuria - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Zvemukati

Chii chinonzi phenylketonuria?

Phenylketonuria (PKU) isingawanzoitika magene anokonzera amino acid inonzi phenylalanine kuvaka mumuviri. Amino acids ndiwo anovaka mapuroteni. Phenylalanine inowanikwa mumapuroteni ese uye zvimwe zvinotapira zvekugadzira.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase inzimu iyo muviri wako unoshandisa kushandura phenylalanine kuita tyrosine, iyo inodiwa nemuviri wako kugadzira maurotransmitter senge epinephrine, norepinephrine, uye dopamine. PKU inokonzerwa nehurema mune iyo geni iyo inobatsira kugadzira phenylalanine hydroxylase. Kana iyi enzyme isipo, muviri wako haugone kupaza phenylalanine. Izvi zvinokonzera kuwanda kwe phenylalanine mumuviri wako.

Vacheche muUnited States vanoongororwa PKU nguva pfupi mushure mekuberekwa. Mamiriro acho haana kujairika munyika ino, zvinokanganisa chete mwana mumwe chete pavane zviuru gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu vachangozvarwa gore rega rega. Zviratidzo zvakakomba uye zviratidzo zvePKU hazviwanzo muUnited States, sekutanga kuongorora kunotendera kurapwa kutanga nekukurumidza mushure mekuzvarwa. Kutanga kuongororwa uye kurapwa kunogona kubatsira kubvisa zviratidzo zvePKU uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwehuropi.


Zviratidzo zve phenylketonuria

PKU zviratidzo zvinogona kubva pane zvinyoro kusvika kune zvakanyanya. Iyo yakanyanyisa fomu yechirwere ichi inozivikanwa seyakajairika PKU. Mucheche ane yakasarudzika PKU anogona kuoneka akajairika kwemwedzi mishoma yekutanga yehupenyu hwavo. Kana mwana asina kurapwa kwePKU panguva ino, vachatanga kukura zviratidzo zvinotevera:

  • pfari
  • kudedera, kana kubvunda uye kubvunda
  • kukura kuderera
  • kusagadzikana
  • mamiriro eganda akadai eczema
  • munhuwi wehwefu wemweya wavo, ganda, kana weti

Kana PKU isingawanikwe pakuzvarwa uye kurapwa kusati kwatanga nekukurumidza, kusagadzikana kunogona kukonzera:

  • kukuvara kusingachinjiki kwehuropi uye hurema hwepfungwa mukati memwedzi mishoma yekutanga yehupenyu
  • matambudziko ehunhu uye kubatwa muvana vakura

Chimiro chisina kusimba chePKU chinonzi chakasiyana PKU kana isiri-PKU hyperphenylalaninemia. Izvi zvinoitika kana mwana aine zvakawandisa phenylalanine mumuviri wavo. Vacheche vane fomu iyi yechirwere vanogona kungova nezviratidzo zvakapfava, asi ivo vanofanirwa kutevedzera chikafu chakakosha kudzivirira hurema hwepfungwa.


Kamwe kudya kwakasarudzika uye kumwe kurapa kwakakodzera kwatanga, zviratidzo zvinotanga kudzikira. Vanhu vane PKU vanonyatsogona kudya kwavo kazhinji havaratidze chero zviratidzo.

Zvinokonzera phenylketonuria

PKU inzvimbo yekugara nhaka inokonzerwa nehurema muPAH geni. Iyo PAH gene inobatsira kugadzira phenylalanine hydroxylase, iyo enzyme inokonzeresa kuputsa phenylalanine. Kuvaka kune ngozi kwe phenylalanine kunogona kuitika kana mumwe munhu akadya zvine mapuroteni chikafu, senge mazai nenyama.

Vabereki vaviri vanofanirwa kupfuudza isina kukodzera vhezheni yePAH geni kuti mwana wavo agare nhaka kusagadzikana. Kana mubereki mumwe chete akapfuudza jeni rakachinjwa, mwana haazove nezviratidzo, asi ivo vanozove vanotakura jeni.

Inoonekwa sei

Kubva kuma1960, zvipatara muUnited States zvakagara zvichiongorora vacheche vePKU nekutora ropa. Chiremba anoshandisa tsono kana lancet kutora madonhwe mashoma eropa kubva pachitsitsinho chemwana wako kuyedza PKU uye zvimwe zvirwere zvemagene.


Kuongororwa kunoitwa kunoitwa kana mwana aine rimwe kusvika kumazuva maviri okuberekwa uye achiri muchipatara. Kana iwe ukasaendesa mwana wako muchipatara, iwe uchafanirwa kuronga iyo yekuongorora bvunzo nachiremba wako.

Dzimwe bvunzo dzinogona kuitwa kusimbisa mhedzisiro yekutanga. Aya bvunzo anotsvaga kuvepo kwePAH geni mutation inokonzeresa PKU. Iyi bvunzo inowanzoitwa mukati memavhiki matanhatu mushure mekuzvarwa.

Kana mwana kana munhu mukuru achiratidza zviratidzo zvePKU, senge kukurumidza kunonoka, chiremba anoraira kuongororwa kweropa kuti asimbise kuongororwa. Muedzo uyu unosanganisira kutora sampuro yeropa uye kuriongorora kuti uvepo neiyo enzyme inodiwa kuputsa phenylalanine.

Kurapa nzira

Vanhu vane PKU vanogona kubvisa zviratidzo zvavo uye kudzivirira kusagadzikana nekutevera yakakosha kudya uye nekutora mishonga.

Kudya

Nzira huru yekurapa PKU ndeyekudya chakakosha chikafu chinogumira chikafu chine phenylalanine. Vacheche vane PKU vanogona kupihwa mukaka wemukaka. Ivo vanowanzo dawo kudya yakakosha fomula inozivikanwa seLofenalac. Kana mwana wako akura zvakakwana kuti adye zvekudya zvikukutu, unofanirwa kudzivirira kuti varege kudya izvo zvine mapuroteni. Izvi zvekudya zvinosanganisira:

  • mazai
  • chizi
  • nzungu
  • mukaka
  • bhinzi
  • huku
  • nyama yemombe
  • nyama yenguruve
  • hove

Kuita shuwa kuti vachiri kuwana huwandu hwakaringana hweprotein, vana vane PKU vanofanirwa kudya PKU fomula. Iyo ine ese maamino acids ayo anodiwa nemuviri, kunze kwephenylalanine. Iko kune zvakare zvimwe zvakaderera-mapuroteni, PKU-zvine hushamwari zvekudya izvo zvinogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzehutano dzezvitoro.

Vanhu vane PKU vanofanirwa kutevera izvo zvinorambidzwa zvekudya uye vanoshandisa PKU fomula muhupenyu hwavo hwese kugadzirisa zviratidzo zvavo.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti PKU zvirongwa zvekudya zvinosiyana munhu kumunhu. Vanhu vane PKU vanofanirwa kushanda padhuze nachiremba kana chiremba wezvekudya kuti vachengetedze muyero wakaringana wezvinhu zvinovaka muviri vachidzikisira kudya kwavo phenylalanine. Ivo zvakare vanofanirwa kuongorora yavo phenylalanine mazinga nekuchengeta marekodhi ehuwandu hwe phenylalanine muzvikafu zvavanodya zuva rese.

Mamwe matunhu eparamende akagadza zvikwereti zvinopa imwe inishuwarenzi kufukidzwa kwezvikafu nemafomura anodikanwa ekurapa PKU. Tarisa nenyika yako paramende uye kambani yeinishuwarenzi yekurapa kuti uone kana kufukidzwa uku kuripo kwauri. Kana iwe usina inishuwarenzi yekurapa, unogona kutarisa kune ako madhipatimendi ehutano kuti uone kuti ndeapi sarudzo aripo ekukubatsira iwe kutenga PKU fomula.

Mishonga

United States Chikafu neDrug Administration (FDA) ichangobvumidza sapropterin (Kuvan) yekurapa PKU. Sapropterin inobatsira kudzikisa phenylalanine mazinga. Mushonga uyu unofanirwa kushandiswa musanganiswa neakakosha chirongwa chePKU chekudya. Nekudaro, hazvishande kune wese munhu ane PKU. Inonyanya kushanda muvana vane zvinyoro nyoro zvePKU.

Kubata pamuviri uye phenylketonuria

Mukadzi ane PKU anogona kunge ari panjodzi yezvinetso, kusanganisira kupererwa nemimba, kana vasingatevedze chirongwa chePKU chekudya mukati memakore avo ekubereka. Kune zvakare mukana wekuti mwana asati aberekwa achazoratidzwa kune akakwirira e phenylalanine. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akasiyana mumwana, kusanganisira:

  • kuremara kwepfungwa
  • moyo hurema
  • kunonoka kukura
  • huremu hwekuzvarwa huremu
  • musoro mudiki zvisina kujairika

Zviratidzo izvi hazvioneke nekukurumidza mumwana achangozvarwa, asi chiremba achaita bvunzo kuti aone zviratidzo zvezvimwe zvinonetsa zvehutano izvo mwana wako angave nazvo.

Marefu-marefu maonero kune vanhu vane phenylketonuria

Maonero kwenguva refu kune vanhu vane PKU akanaka kwazvo kana vakatevera chirongwa chePKU chekudya padyo uye nguva pfupi vachangoberekwa. Kana kuongororwa uye kurapwa kuchinonoka, kukuvara kwehuropi kunogona kuitika. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukuremara kwehungwaru negore rekutanga remwana rehupenyu. PKU isina kurapwa inogona zvakare kukonzera:

  • kunonoka kukura
  • hunhu uye matambudziko emanzwiro
  • matambudziko etsinga, senge kudengenyeka uye kubatwa

Phenylketonuria inogona kudzivirirwa here?

PKU inhengo yehunhu, saka haigone kudzivirirwa. Nekudaro, iyo enzyme assay inogona kuitirwa vanhu vanoronga kuve nevana. Enzyme assay kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kuona kana mumwe munhu akatakura geni rakakanganisika rinokonzera PKU. Muedzo unogona kuitwawo panguva yekuzvitakura kuti uongorore vana vasati vaberekwa vePKU.

Kana iwe uine PKU, unogona kudzivirira zviratidzo nekutevera yako PKU chirongwa chekudya mukati mehupenyu hwako hwese.

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