Chii chinonzi Prion Chirwere?

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi prion chirwere?
• Mhando dzezvirwere zvepron
• Zvirwere zvevanhu prion
• Zvirwere zvemhuka prion
• Ndezvipi zvinonyanya kukonzera njodzi yechirwere cheprion?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere cheprion?
• Chirwere cheprion chinoonekwa sei?
• Chirwere cheprion chinorapwa sei?
• Chirwere cheprion chinogona kudzivirirwa here?
• Makiyi ekutora

Zvirwere zvePron iboka rehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kukanganisa vanhu nemhuka.

Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuiswa kweasina kujairika mapuroteni muuropi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera shanduko mu:

• ndangariro
• maitiro
• kufamba

Zvirwere zvePron hazviwanzo. Anenge mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emazana ematambudziko echirwere cheprion anonzi gore rega rega muUnited States.

Vatsvakurudzi vachiri kushanda kuti vanzwisise zvakawanda nezvezvirwere izvi uye kuti vawane mushonga unoshanda. Parizvino, prion hosha inogara iri pakupedzisira inouraya.

Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana echirwere prion? Ungazvikudziridza sei? Uye pane nzira here yekuzvidzivirira?

Enderera kuverenga kuti uwane mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi uye nezvimwe.

Chii chinonzi prion chirwere?

Zvirwere zvePron zvinokonzeresa kuderera kwehuropi kunoshanda nekuda kwekuumbiridzwa kweprotein muuropi - kunyanya kumonyaniswa kwemapuroteni anonzi prion protein (PrP).

Izvo zvakajairika mashandiro emapuroteni aya parizvino haazivikanwe.

Mune vanhu vane chirwere cheprion, PrP yakakanganiswa inogona kusunga kune PrP ine hutano, iyo inokonzeresa kuti protein yakagwinya ipete zvakare zvisina kujairika.

Kugutsikana PrP inotanga kuunganidza uye kugadzira mafufu mukati mehuropi, ichikuvadza nekuuraya maseru etsinga.

Uku kukuvara kunokonzeresa maburi madiki kuumba munyama yehuropi, ichiita kuti iratidzike senge chipanji sepasi pe microscope Muchokwadi, iwe unogona zvakare kuona echirwere chirwere chinonzi "spongiform encephalopathies."

Iwe unogona kugadzira chirwere prion munzira dzakasiyana siyana, dzinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuwana. Kuratidzira kune isina kujairika PrP kubva kunekunze sosi kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nechakasviba chikafu kana zvekurapa zvekushandisa.
• Inhaka. Shanduko dzinowanikwa mune geni iyo inotora PrP inotungamira mukugadzirwa kwePPR yakadzikiswa.
• Sporadic. Kugutsikana PrP kunogona kukura pasina chero chikonzero chinozivikanwa.

Mhando dzezvirwere zvepron

Chirwere chePron chinogona kuitika mune zvese vanhu nemhuka. Pazasi pane mamwe marudzi akasiyana ezvirwere zvepion. Mamwe mashoko nezvechirwere chega chega anotevera tafura.

Zvirwere zvevanhu prion

• Creutzfeldt-Jakob chirwere (CJD). Kutanga kurondedzerwa muna 1920, CJD inogona kuwanikwa, kugarwa nhaka, kana kushoma. yeCJD inowanzoitika.
• Akasiyana Creutzfeldt-Jakob chirwere (vCJD). Iyi fomu yeCJD inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekudya nyama yakasviba yemombe.
• Vanouraya Mhuri yekushaya hope (FFI). FFI inokanganisa iyo thalamus, inova chikamu chehuropi hwako icho chinogonesa kurara uye kumuka kutenderera. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zveichi chiitiko chiri kuwedzera kushaya hope. Iko kushandurwa kunogarwa nhaka nenzira ine mukurumbira, zvichireva kuti munhu akabatwa ane mukana wepakati makumi mashanu wekuutumira kuvana vavo.
• Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker chirwere (GSS). GSS inogarwawo nhaka. Kufanana neFFI, inopfuudzwa nenzira ine mukurumbira. Iyo inokanganisa cerebellum, inova chikamu chehuropi icho chinogadzirisa chiyero, kubatana, uye kuenzana.
• Kuru. Kuru yakaonekwa muboka revanhu vanobva kuNew Guinea. Chirwere chakatapuriranwa kuburikidza nechimiro chetsika yekudyiwa kwevanhu umo marara ehama dzakafa akadyiwa.

Zvirwere zvemhuka prion

• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Kazhinji inonzi "chirwere chemombe chinopenga," rudzi urwu rwechirwere cheponi runobata mhou. Vanhu vanodya nyama kubva kumombe neBSE vanogona kuve panjodzi yeVCJD.
• Chirwere chinoparadza chirwere (CWD). CWD inokanganisa mhuka senge nondo, moose, uye elk. Inowana zita rayo kubva pakurasika kwekurema kwekuremerwa kunoonekwa mumhuka dzinorwara.
• Scrapie. Scrapie ndiyo yechinyakare chimiro chechirwere prion, ichive chakatsanangurwa kumashure kumashure senge ma1700s. Inobata mhuka dzakaita semakwai nembudzi.
• Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE). FSE inokanganisa katsi dzekumba uye katsi dzesango mukutapwa. Mazhinji emakesi eFSE akaitika muUnited Kingdom neEurope.
• Inotenderera mink encephalopathy (TME). Ichi chisingawanzo chimiro chechirwere prion chinokanganisa mink. Iyo mink chidiki chidiki chinokamhina icho chinowanzosimudzirwa kugadzirwa kwemvere.
• Unganisa spongiform encephalopathy. Ichi chirwere cheprion zvakare hachiwanzoitika uye chinokanganisa mhuka dzekunze dzine hukama nemombe.

Ndezvipi zvinonyanya kukonzera njodzi yechirwere cheprion?

Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kukuisa iwe panjodzi yekuvandudza chirwere prion. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Genetics. Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri yako aine chirwere chakagara nhaka cheprion, iwe uri panjodzi yekuwedzera yekuchinjawo.
• Zera. Sporadic prion hosha dzinowanzo kukura mune vakuru vakuru.
• Zvigadzirwa zvemhuka. Kudya zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvakasvibiswa neprion zvinogona kuendesa chirwere cheprion kwauri.
• Maitiro ekurapa. Zvirwere zvePron zvinogona kutapuriranwa kuburikidza nemidziyo yezvokurapa yakasvibiswa uye nyama yemitsipa. Mhosva apo izvi zvaitika zvinosanganisira kutapurirana kuburikidza neakasviba cornea transplants kana dura mater grafts.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere cheprion?

Zvirwere zvePron zvine nguva refu kwazvo yekukwirisa, kazhinji pahurongwa hwemakore mazhinji. Kana zviratidzo zvikaitika, zvinowedzera kuwedzera, dzimwe nguva nekukurumidza.

Zviratidzo zvakajairika zvechirwere cheprion zvinosanganisira:

• matambudziko nekufunga, ndangariro, uye kutonga
• hunhu shanduko senge kushaya hanya, kusagadzikana, uye kushushikana
• kuvhiringidzika kana kusagadzikana
• kusazvipira kwemhasuru mhasuru (myoclonus)
• kurasikirwa kwekubatana (ataxia)
• kunetseka kurara (kusarara)
• kutaura kwakaoma kana kunonoka
• kutadza kuona kana kusaona

Chirwere cheprion chinoonekwa sei?

Sezvo prion hosha dzinogona kuratidza zviratidzo zvakafanana kune mamwe maurourogenerative kusagadzikana, zvinogona kunetsa kuongorora.

Iyo chete nzira yekusimbisa kuongororwa kwechirwere prion ndeye kuburikidza nehuropi biopsy inoitwa mushure mekufa.

Nekudaro, mupi wezvehutano anogona kushandisa zviratidzo zvako, nhoroondo yezvokurapa, uye bvunzo dzinoverengeka kubatsira kuongorora chirwere cheprion.

Bvunzo dzavanogona kushandisa dzinosanganisira:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Iyo MRI inogona kugadzira yakadzama mufananidzo wehuropi hwako. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira vatapi vezvehutano kuona shanduko muhurongwa hwehuropi hwakabatana nechirwere cheprion.
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kuyedzwa. CSF inogona kuunganidzwa uye kuyedzwa mamaki ane hukama ne neurodegeneration. Muna 2015, bvunzo yakagadziridzwa kuti inyatsoona mamaki echirwere chevanhu prion.
• Electroencephalography (EEG). Uyu muedzo unorekodha chiitiko chemagetsi muuropi hwako.

Chirwere cheprion chinorapwa sei?

Ikozvino hapana mushonga wechirwere cheprion. Zvisinei, kurapwa kunotarisa pakupa rubatsiro rwekutsigira.

Mienzaniso yerudzi urwu rwekutarisira inosanganisira:

• Mishonga. Mimwe mishonga inogona kupihwa kubatsira kubata zviratidzo. Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
  - kuderedza zviratidzo zvepfungwa zvine antidepressants kana sedatives
  - kupa rubatsiro rwekurwadziwa uchishandisa opiate mishonga
  - kurerutsa mhasuru spasms nemishonga senge sodium valproate uye clonazepam
• Rubatsiro. Sezvo chirwere ichi chichifambira mberi, vanhu vazhinji vanoda rubatsiro rwekuzvichengeta pamwe nekuita zviitiko zvezuva nezuva.
• Kupa hydration uye zvinovaka muviri. Mumatanho epamberi echirwere, IV mvura kana pombi yekudyisa inogona kudikanwa.

Masayendisiti anoramba achishanda kuti awane anoshanda ekurapa kwezvirwere zvepion.

Mimwe mitezo ingangoitwa yekurapa iri kuongororwa inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemaanti-prion antibodies uye "" iyo inodzivisa kudzokorodza kweasina kujairika PrP.

Chirwere cheprion chinogona kudzivirirwa here?

Matanho akati wandei akatorwa kudzivirira kutapurirana kwezvakawanikwa prion hosha. Nekuda kweaya matanho anoshanda, kuwana chirwere cheprion kubva kuchikafu kana kubva kunzvimbo yekurapa izvozvi zvave zvisingawanzoitika.

Dzimwe dzenhanho dzekudzivirira dzakatorwa dzinosanganisira:

• kumisikidza yakasimba mirawu yekuunza mombe kubva kunyika uko BSE kunoitika
• kurambidza zvikamu zvemombe senge huropi uye musana kubva mukushandiswa mukudya kwevanhu kana mhuka
• kudzivirira avo vane nhoroondo kana njodzi yekutarisana nechirwere cheprion kubva pakupa ropa kana zvimwe zvinyama
• uchishandisa masimba akasimba ekudzivirira mbichana pane chishandiso chekurapa chakasangana nematinji emunhu ane chirwere cheprion
• kuparadza kuraswa kuraswa zviridzwa

Ikozvino hapana nzira yekudzivirira yakagarwa nhaka kana mashoma maitiro echirwere prion.

Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri mako ave aine chirwere cheprion chakagarwa nhaka, unogona kufunga kubvunza nanachipangamazano majini kuti utaure nezve njodzi yako yekukura chirwere.

Makiyi ekutora

Zvirwere zvePron iboka risinganzwisisike rematambudziko eurourogenerative anokonzerwa nepuroteni isina kujairika muuropi hwako.

Iyo yakaunganidzwa mapuroteni inoumba macumpump anokuvadza maseru etsinga, zvichitungamira mukudzikira kunofambira mberi mukushanda kwehuropi.

Zvimwe zvirwere zveprion zvinopfuudzwa nemajini, nepo zvimwe zvacho zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nechikafu chakasvibiswa kana zvekurapa. Zvimwe zvirwere zveprion zvinokura pasina chero chinozivikanwa chikonzero.

Parizvino hapana mushonga wezvirwere zvepamoyo. Panzvimbo iyoyo, kurapwa kunotarisana nekupa rubatsiro rwekutsigira uye kurerutsa zviratidzo.

Vatsvakurudzi vanoramba vachishanda kuti vawane zvakawanda nezvezvirwere izvi uye nekuvandudza marapirwo.