Chii Chinonzi Denda?

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi denda?
• Ndeupi musiyano uripakati pehosha nedenda?
• Unogadzirira sei denda?
• Teerera nhepfenyuro yenhau kubva kumasangano ezvehutano
• Chengetedza imba yako yakazara ne2-vhiki yekudya uye zvakakosha
• Zadza zvirevo zvako nguva isati yakwana
• Ita chirongwa chezviito mune chiitiko chekurwara
• Pandemics muzana rapfuura
• 1918 denda rechirwere (H1N1 virus): 1918-1920
• 1957 furuwenza denda (H2N2 hutachiona): 1957-1958
• 1968 denda rechirwere (H3N2 virus): 1968-1969
• SARS-CoV: 2002–2003
• Nguruve Flu (H1N1pdm09 hutachiona): 2009
• MERS-CoV: 2012-2013
• Ebola: 2014-2016
• COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): 2019 – iri kuenderera
• Kutora

Kuputika kuri kuita COVID-19 pari zvino kwasiya vanhu vazhinji vaine kushushikana nezvekupararira kwechirwere chitsva ichi. Pakati pezvinonetsa pane mumwe mubvunzo wakakosha uri pasi apa: Chii chaizvo denda?

Kupararira kwenoverengeka coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, yakatsanangurwa zviri pamutemo sedenda neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) pa, nekuda kwekumuka kwayo nekukasira uye kutenderera pasirese.

Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvinotsanangura denda, kugadzirira denda, uye kuti mangani madenda akatikanganisa munhoroondo yadarika.

Chii chinonzi denda?

Sekureva kwaJehovha, denda rinotsanangurwa se "kupararira kwepasi rose kwechirwere chitsva."

Kana chirwere chitsva chikatanga kubuda, vazhinji vedu tinoshaya hutachiona hwekuzvidzivirira nacho. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kamwe kamwe, dzimwe nguva kukurumidza, kupararira kwechirwere pakati pevanhu, munharaunda dzese, nepasirese pasirese. Pasina hutachiona hwepanyama hwekurwisa chirwere, vanhu vazhinji vanogona kurwara painopararira.

IWHO ine basa rekuzivisa kubuda kwedenda idzva zvichibva nekuti kupararira kwechirwere kunoenderana sei nezvinotevera:

• Chikamu 1. Mavhairasi anotenderera pakati pemhuka dzevanhu haana kuratidzirwa kutapurira kuvanhu. Ivo havatariswe sekutyisidzira uye pane njodzi shoma yedenda.
• Chikamu 2. Hutachiona hutsva hwemhuka hunotenderera pakati pevanhu mhuka hwaratidzirwa kuendesa kuvanhu. Hutachiona hutsva uhu hunofungidzirwa sekutyisidzira uye hunoratidza njodzi ingangoita yedenda.
• Chikamu 3. Hutachiona hwemhuka hwakonzera chirwere mukasumbu kadiki kevanhu kuburikidza nemhuka kuenda kune vanhu. Nekudaro, kutapurirana kwevanhu kune yakaderera zvakanyanya kuti ikonzere kuputika kwenzanga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hutachiona hunoisa vanhu panjodzi asi hazviite kuti hukonzere denda.
• Chikamu 4. Pakave nekutapurirana kwevanhu-kune-hutachiona hutsva muzviverengero zvakaringana zvinotungamira mukupararira kwenzanga. Rudzi urwu rwekutapurirana pakati pevanhu runoratidza njodzi huru yedenda riri kukura.
• Chikamu 5. Pakave nekupararira kwehutachiona hutsva munyika dzinosvika mbiri mukati me. Kunyangwe hazvo nyika mbiri chete dzakakanganiswa nehutachiona hutsva panguva ino, denda repasirese haridzivisike.
• Chikamu 6. Pakave nekupararira kwehutachiona hutsva mune imwechete nyika yekuwedzera mudunhu reWHO. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se denda chikamu uye zvinoratidza kuti denda repasirese riri kuitika parizvino.

Sezvauri kuona pamusoro, madenda haanyatso kutsanangurwa nekukura kwavo asi nekupararira kwechirwere. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa kukura kwehutachiwana kunogona kubatsira vakuru vehutano kugadzirira kubuda.

Vazhinji vanotevera kukura kana kuparadzira pateni inotsanangurwa sekuwedzera kukura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanopararira nekukurumidza pamusoro peimwe nguva yenguva - mazuva, vhiki, kana mwedzi.

Funga zvekutyaira mota uye uchimanikidza peturu. Kufamba kwaunofamba, iwe unomhanyisa - ndiko kukura kwekuwedzera. Zvirwere zvakawanda zvekutanga zvinoputika, senge furuwenza yegore ra1918, zvinoita kunge zvinotevera nzira iyi yekukura.

Zvimwe zvirwere zvinopararirawo zvishoma-zvishoma, izvo zviri zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvakafanana nemotokari inochengetedza kumhanya kuenda kumberi - haiwedzere mumhanho padanho rainofamba.

Semuenzaniso, imwe yakaona kuti denda reEbola ra2014 raitaridza serinoteedzera zvishoma nezvishoma chirwere chinowedzera padanho remuno mune dzimwe nyika kunyangwe chakapararira nekukurumidza, kana zvakanyanya, mune dzimwe.

Kana vakuru vehutano veruzhinji vachiziva kuti chirwere chiri kupararira nekukurumidza sei, zvinogona kuvabatsira kuti vaone kukurumidza kwatinofanira kufamba kuti tibatsire kunonoka kupararira.

Ndeupi musiyano uripakati pehosha nedenda?

Denda uye denda ndiwo mazwi anoenderana anoshandiswa kutsanangura kupararira kwechirwere:

• Kupararira kwechirwere munharaunda kana nharaunda pane yakatarwa nguva. Epidemics inogona kusiyanisa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yechirwere, huwandu hweruzhinji rwevanhu hwakafumurwa, uye nezvimwe.
• A denda rudzi rwehosha yakapararira kudzinenge nyika nhatu mukati medunhu reWHO.

Unogadzirira sei denda?

Denda inogona kunge iri nguva isina chokwadi kuvanhu vazhinji pasirese. Nekudaro, matipi ekudzivirira ehutachiona anogona kukubatsira kugadzirira kupararira kwechirwere pasirese.

Teerera nhepfenyuro yenhau kubva kumasangano ezvehutano

Nhau dzinogadziridzwa kubva kuWHO neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) dzinogona kupa ruzivo rwekupararira kwechirwere ichi, kusanganisira nzira yekuzvidzivirira iwe nemhuri yako panguva yechirwere ichi.

Nhau dzemunharaunda dzinogona zvakare kukuchengetedza iwe uchigadziriswa pamitemo mitsva iri kumanikidzwa panguva yedenda.

Chengetedza imba yako yakazara ne2-vhiki yekudya uye zvakakosha

Kukiyiwa nekuisa zvoga zvinogona kumanikidzwa panguva yedenda kunonoka kana kumisa kupararira kwechirwere. Kana zvichibvira, chengeta kicheni yako iine chikafu chakaringana uye zvakakosha kwenguva inosvika mbiri-vhiki. Rangarira, hapana chikonzero chekuunganidza kana kuunganidza kupfuura zvaunogona kushandisa kwevhiki mbiri.

Zadza zvirevo zvako nguva isati yakwana

Zvinogona kubatsira kuve nemishonga yakazadzwa pamberi penguva mune zvekuti ma pharmacy nezvipatara vanokurirwa. Kuchengeta mishonga inopfuura-ye-counter kunogona kubatsira kudzikamisa chero zviratidzo zvaungasangana nazvo kana ukabata chirwere uye uchida kuzvisarudzira wega.

Ita chirongwa chezviito mune chiitiko chekurwara

Kunyangwe iwe ukatevera zvese zvirevo zvinokurudzirwa panguva yedenda, kuchine mukana wekuti iwe ungangorwara. Taura nemhuri uye shamwari nezve chii chingaitika kana ukarwara, kusanganisira kuti ndiani achakuchengeta uye chii chichaitika kana uchida kupinzwa muchipatara.

Pandemics muzana rapfuura

Takasangana nenjodzi nomwe dzakakurumbira senge COVID-19 kubvira 1918. Mamwe eaya madenda akaiswa sehosha, uye ese aakakanganisa huwandu hwevanhu neimwe nzira.

1918 denda rechirwere (H1N1 virus): 1918-1920

Iyo 1918 furuwenza denda rakatora hupenyu hwe chero kupi kubva makumi mashanu kusvika zana emamiriyoni evanhu kutenderera pasirese.

Iyo inonzi "Spanish Flu" yakakonzerwa neiyo yakapararira kubva kushiri kuenda kuvanhu. Vanhu vane makore mashanu uye vadiki, makumi maviri kusvika makumi mana, uye makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira vese vane huwandu hwekufa kwakawanda.

Kuwandisa kwevanhu munzvimbo dzekurapa, tsika dzakashata dzehutsanana, uye kushomeka kwehutano kunofungidzirwa kuti kwakakonzera kufa kwakanyanya.

1957 furuwenza denda (H2N2 hutachiona): 1957-1958

Iyo 1957 furuwenza denda rakatora hupenyu hweinenge pasirese.

"Asia Flu" yakakonzerwa nehutachiona hweH2N2 hwakapararirawo kubva kushiri kuenda kuvanhu. Uku kushushikana kwefuruwenza vanhu vari kunyanya pakati pemakore mashanu ne39, nezviitiko zvizhinji zvinoitika muvana vadiki nevachiri kuyaruka.

1968 denda rechirwere (H3N2 virus): 1968-1969

Muna 1968, hutachiona hweH3N2, dzimwe nguva hunonzi "Hong Kong Flu," hwaive humwe hutachiona hwefuruwenza hwakatora hupenyu hwevanhu kutenderera pasirese.

Chirwere ichi chakakonzerwa nehutachiona hweH3N2 hwakachinja kubva kuutachiona hweH2N2 kubva muna 1957. Kusiyana nedenda remukosoro rapfuura, denda iri rakanyanya kubata vanhu vakura, vaive nehuwandu hwakanyanya hwekufa kwechirwere ichi.

SARS-CoV: 2002–2003

Iyo 2002 SARS coronavirus kuputika yaive hutachiona pneumonia denda rakatora hupenyu hwevanhu vanopfuura mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe pasi rose.

Kuputika kweSARS kwakakonzerwa nekoronavirus nyowani isina kuzivikanwa sosi yekufambisa. Zvizhinji zvehutachiona panguva yekumuka zvakatanga muChina asi zvakazopararira kuHong Kong nedzimwe nyika pasi rose.

Nguruve Flu (H1N1pdm09 hutachiona): 2009

Kubuda kwe2009 Swine Flu kwakange kuri chirwere chenguruve chinotevera chakakonzera kufa kwevamwe vanhu pasirese.

Iyo Swine Flu yakakonzerwa neimwe musiyano iyo yakabva kunguruve uye pakupedzisira yakazopararira kuburikidza nekubatana kwevanhu-kusvika-kwevanhu.

Izvo zvakaonekwa kuti chikamu chevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira vatove nema antibodies ekurwisa hutachiona uhwu kubva pakupfuura kwechirwere. Izvi zvakatungamira kune yakakwira chikamu hutachiona muvana nevakuru vechidiki.

MERS-CoV: 2012-2013

Iyo 2012 MERS coronavirus yakakonzera chirwere chinoratidzirwa nechirwere chakakomba chekufema icho chakange chiine uye chakatora hupenyu hwevanhu 858, kunyanya muArabia Peninsula.

Iko kubhururuka kweMERS kwakakonzerwa necoronavirus iyo yakapararira kubva kune isingazivikanwe mhuka kunobva kuvanhu. Kuputika kwakatangira mukati uye kwaive kwakanyanya kuArabia Peninsula.

Iko kubuda kweMERS kwaive neakanyanya kufa mwero kupfuura yapfuura coronavirus kubuda.

Ebola: 2014-2016

Kubuda kwe2014 Ebola kwaisanganisira chirwere chefemorrhagic fever chakatora hupenyu hwevanhu, kunyanya muWest Africa.

Kubuda kweEbola kwakakonzerwa nehutachiona hweEbola hunofungidzirwa kuti hwakatanga kutapurirwa kubva kuvanhu. Kunyangwe hosha iyi yakatanga muWest Africa, yakapararira kuenda kunyika sere dzakazara.

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): 2019 – iri kuenderera

Kubuda kwe2019 COVID-19 chirwere chehutachiona icho chiri kuitika iye zvino. Ichi chirwere chitsva chinokonzerwa neyaimbova isingazivikanwe coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Huwandu hwehutachiona, huwandu hwekufa, uye mamwe manhamba achiri kukura.

Kugadzirira denda inzira yenharaunda iyo isu tese tinokwanisa kutora chikamu kudzikisa kukanganisa kwechirwere munharaunda medu nepasirese.

Iwe unogona kuwana zvirarame zviripo pane yazvino COVID-19 denda pano. Shanyira yedu coronavirus hub kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve zviratidzo, kurapwa, uye maitiro ekugadzirira.

Kutora

Kana chirwere chitsva chikabuda, panogona kuve nedenda, iro riri kupararira pasi rose kwechirwere. Pakave nekuwanda kwehosha uye denda kuputika munhoroondo yadarika, kusanganisira 1918 furuwenza denda, iyo 2003 SARS-CoV kuputika, uye nguva pfupi yadarika, iyo COVID-19 denda.

Pane zvinhu zvatingaite tese kugadzirira kungangoita denda, uye zvakakosha kuti tese titeedzere matanho akakodzera ekudzora kana kumisa kupararira kwechirwere chitsva.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve maitirwo aungaita chikamu chako kudzamisa kupararira kwe COVID-19, tinya pano kuti uwane iwo marongero azvino.