Acute myeloid leukemia - mukuru

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) kenza inotanga mukati mefupa remongo. Iyi ndiyo nyama yakapfava iri pakati pemabhonzo inobatsira kuumba masero eropa ese. Gomarara rinokura kubva kumasero ayo anowanzo shanduka kuita machena masero eropa.

Acute zvinoreva kuti chirwere chinokura nekukurumidza uye kazhinji chine hasha kosi.

AML ndeimwe yemhando dzakajairika dzeleukemia pakati pevakuru.

AML yakajairika mune varume kupfuura vakadzi.

Iyo pfupa yemapfupa inobatsira muviri kurwisa hutachiona uye inogadzira zvimwe zvikamu zveropa. Vanhu vane AML vane akawanda asina kujairika maseru asina kusimba mukati memapfupa avo. Maseru anokura nekukurumidza, uye anotsiva masero eropa ane hutano. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vane AML vanowanzo kuve nezvirwere. Vane zvakare mukana wekuwedzera wekubuda ropa sezvo huwandu hwesero reropa hunowedzera.

Kazhinji yenguva, mupi wezvehutano haakwanise kukuudza chakakonzera AML. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvinotevera zvinogona kutungamira kune mamwe marudzi eleukemia, kusanganisira AML:

• Kushushikana kweropa, kusanganisira polycythemia vera, yakakosha thrombocythemia, uye myelodysplasia
• Mamwe makemikari (semuenzaniso, benzene)
• Mamwe makemikari ekurapa, kusanganisira etoposide uye zvinodhaka zvinozivikanwa se alkylating agents
• Kuratidzwa kune mamwe makemikari uye zvinhu zvinokuvadza
• Radiation
• Simba risina kusimba rekudzivirira muviri nekuda kwenhengo yekuisira

Zvinetso nemajini ako zvinogona zvakare kukonzera kukura kweAML.

AML haina chero chaiwo zviratidzo. Zviratidzo zvinoonekwa zvinonyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakabatana. Zviratidzo zve AML zvinogona kusanganisira chero yeanotevera:

• Kubuda ropa kubva mumhino
• Kubuda ropa uye kuzvimba (zvisingawanzo) mune matadza
• Kutuka
• Kurwadziwa kwepfupa kana hunyoro
• Fivha uye kuneta
• Kunorema kuenda kumwedzi
• Ganda rakachenuruka
• Kufema kwekufema (kunowedzera kuwedzera nekurovedza muviri)
• Kuonda

Iye mupi achaita bvunzo dzepanyama. Panogona kuve nezviratidzo zvekuputika kwepleen, chiropa, kana lymph node. Kuyedzwa kwakaitwa kunosanganisira:

• Kuverengera kwakazara kweropa (CBC) kunogona kuratidza kupererwa neropa uye nhamba yakaderera yemaplatelet. Iyo chena yeropa masero kuverenga (WBC) inogona kuve yakakwira, yakaderera, kana yakajairwa.
• Bone marrow aspiration uye biopsy inoratidza kana paine chero masero eleukemia.

Kana mupi wako akadzidza kuti une rudzi urwu rweleukemia, kumwezve bvunzo kunoitwa kuti uone iyo chaiyo mhando ye AML. Subtypes akavakirwa pane chaicho shanduko mumajini (shanduko) uye maseru eeleukemia anoonekwa sei pasi pe microscope.

Kurapa kunosanganisira kushandisa mishonga (chemotherapy) kuuraya masero ekenza. Mhando zhinji dzeAML dzinorapwa neinopfuura imwe chemotherapy mushonga.

Chemotherapy inouraya akajairwa maseru, futi. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera mhedzisiro senge:

• Kuwedzera njodzi yekubuda ropa
• Kuwedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa (chiremba wako angangoda kukuchengetedza kure nevamwe vanhu kudzivirira hutachiona)
• Kurera huremu (iwe uchafanirwa kudya mamwe macalorie)
• Maronda emuromo

Mimwe mishonga inotsigira AML inogona kusanganisira:

• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kurapa hutachiona
• Red ropa masero kuwedzerwa kurwisa kupererwa neropa
• Platelet kuwedzerwa kutonga kubuda kweropa

Bhonzo remongo (stem cell) kuisirwa kunogona kuyedzwa. Iyi sarudzo inosarudzwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira:

• Zera rako uye hutano hwakazara
• Mamwe magene anochinja mumasero eukemia
• Kuwanikwa kwevanopa

Unogona kudzikisira kushushikana kwehurwere nekujoinha boka rekutsigira gomarara. Kugovana nevamwe vane zvakajairika zviitiko uye matambudziko zvinogona kukubatsira kuti usazonzwa kusurukirwa.

Kana pfupa remafupa rakaratidza pasina humbowo hwe AML, iwe unonzi uri mukuregererwa. Kunyatsoita kwaunoita kunoenderana nehutano hwako hwese uye genetiki subtype yemasero eAML.

Kuregererwa hakuna kufanana nemushonga. Kuwedzera kurapa kunowanzo kudikanwa, kungave muchimiro chemakemikari akawanda kana kupora kwemongo.

Nekurapa, vechidiki vane AML vanowanzoita zvirinani pane avo vanovandudza chirwere pazera rakura. Iyo makore mashanu-ekupona mwero wakanyanya kuderera kune vakuru vakuru pane mune vechidiki vanhu. Nyanzvi dzinoti izvi zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekuti vanhu vadiki vanokwanisa kutsungirira yakasimba mishonga yemakemotherapy. Zvakare, leukemia muvanhu vakura inowanzo kuve inopokana nemishonga yazvino.

Kana kenza ikasadzoka (kudzokazve) mukati memakore mashanu ekuongororwa, ungangodaro wakaporeswa.

Dana kuti usangane nemupi wako kana iwe:

• Gadzira zviratidzo zve AML
• Iva neAML uye uve nefivhiri isingazopere kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvehutachiona

Kana iwe ukashanda uchitenderedza radiation kana makemikari akabatana neleukemia, gara uchipfeka giya rekudzivirira.

Acute myelogenous leukemia; AML; Acute granulocytic leukemia; Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL); Leukemia - yakaoma myeloid (AML); Leukemia - chenjera granulocytic; Leukemia - nonlymphocytic (ANLL)

• Bone marrow kuisirwa - kubuda

• Auer tsvimbo
• Acute monocytic leukemia - ganda
• Masero eropa

Appelbaum FR. Acute leukemias muvakuru. Mune: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 95.

Faderl S, Kantarjian HM. Clinical kuratidzwa uye kurapwa kweacute myeloid leukemia. Muna: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Misimboti uye Maitiro. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 59.

National Cancer Institute webhusaiti. Adult acute myeloid leukemia kurapwa (PDQ) - hutano nyanzvi vhezheni. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/adult-aml-treatment-pdq. Yakagadziridzwa Nyamavhuvhu 11, 2020. Yakasvika Gumiguru 9, 2020.