HIV / AIDS

Hutachiwana hwehutachiona hweHIV (hutachiona hweHIV) hutachiona hunokonzera AIDS. Kana munhu akatapukirwa nehutachiwana hweHIV, hutachiona hunorwisa nekushayisa simba immune immune. Sezvo immune system inodzikira, munhu ari panjodzi yekuwana hutachiona hunotyisidzira hupenyu nemakenza. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, chirwere chinonzi AIDS. Kana munhu achinge aine hutachiona, hunogara mukati memuviri kweupenyu hwese.

Utachiona hunopararira (huchiparadzirwa) munhu-kune-munhu kuburikidza nehumwe mvura yemumuviri:

• Ropa
• Urume uye preseminal fluid
• Mvura chaiyo
• Mvura yechikadzi
• Mukaka wemuzamu

HIV inogona kupararira kana mvura idzi dzikasangana ne:

• Mucous membranes (mukati memuromo, penis, vagina, rectum)
• Maturu akakuvara (tishu rakatemwa kana kubviswa)
• Jekiseni mukati merukova reropa

HIV haigone kupararira nedikita, mate, kana weti.

MuUnited States, HIV inonyanya kupararira:

• Kubudikidza nemukadzi kana murume pabonde nemunhu ane HIV asina kushandisa kondomu kana asiri kutora mishonga yekudzivirira kana kurapa HIV
• Kuburikidza nekugovana tsono kana mimwe michina inoshandiswa kubaya mishonga nemunhu ane HIV

Zvishoma nezvishoma, HIV inopararira:

• Kubva kuna mai kuenda kumwana. Mukadzi ane nhumbu anogona kutapurira hutachiona kumwana wake kuburikidza nekufamba kweropa kwavo kwakagovaniswa, kana amai vanoyamwisa vanogona kuendesa kumwana wavo kuburikidza nemukaka wake wemukaka. Kuongororwa nekurapwa kwavanamai vane hutachiwana hweHIV zvakabatsira kudzikisa huwandu hwevacheche vari kutapukirwa neHIV.
• Kuburikidza netsvimbo dzetsono kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakapinza zvakasvibiswa neHIV (kunyanya vashandi vezvehutano).

Hutachiona HAPANA kupararira ne:

• Kukurukurirana, sekumbundirana kana kuvhara muromo
• Umhutu kana mhuka dzinovaraidza
• Kutora chikamu mumitambo
• Kubata zvinhu zvakabatwa nemunhu akabatwa nehutachiona
• Kudya chikafu chinoitwa nemunhu ane HIV

HIV neropa kana mupiro wenhengo:

• Mukondombera haupararire kumunhu anopa ropa kana nhengo. Vanhu vanopa nhengo havafi vakanangana zvakananga nevanhu vanozvigamuchira. Saizvozvowo, munhu anopa ropa haatomboonana nemunhu ari kurigamuchira. Mune ese maitirwo aya, tsono dzakashama uye zviridzwa zvinoshandiswa.
• Kunyangwe zvisingawanzoitika, munguva yakapfuura HIV yakapararira kumunhu achigamuchira ropa kana nhengo kubva kune anenge apihwa hutachiwana. Nekudaro, njodzi iyi idiki kwazvo nekuti mabhanga eropa uye mapiro evanopa nhengo anonyatsoongorora (screen) vanopa, ropa, uye zvinyama.

Njodzi zvinhu zvekutapukirwa neHIV zvinosanganisira:

• Kuva nekusina kudzivirirwa pabonde nekumashure pesikarudzi kana pasikarudzi. Kugamuchira pabonde nekumashure kunobuda nako tsvina ndiko kune njodzi. Kuve nevakabatana vakawanda kunowedzerawo njodzi. Kushandisa kondomu nyowani nemazvo pese paunoita bonde zvinobatsira kudzikisa njodzi iyi.
• Kushandisa zvinodhaka uye kugovana tsono kana majekiseni.
• Kuva nemumwe wako pabonde neHIV uyo asiri kutora mishonga yeHIV.
• Kuva nechirwere chepabonde (STD).

Zviratidzo zvine hukama nehutachiona hweHIV (kana munhu atanga kutapukirwa) zvinogona kufanana nefuruu kana zvimwewo hutachiona hutachiona. Zvinosanganisira:

• Fivhiri uye kurwadziwa kwemhasuru
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Huro inorwadza
• Night sweats
• Zvironda zvemuromo, kusanganisira mbiriso hutachiona (thrush)
• Kuzvimba lymph glands
• Manyoka

Vanhu vazhinji havana zviratidzo pavanotanga kubatira Mukondombera.

Hutachiona hweHIV hunofambira mberi kwemavhiki mashoma kusvika pamwedzi kuti ive hutachiona hweHIV (husina zviratidzo). Iyi nhanho inogona kutora makore gumi kana kupfuura. Munguva iyi, munhu anogona kunge asina chikonzero chekufungidzira kuti ane hutachiwana hweHIV, asi anogona kutapurira hutachiona kune vamwe.

Kana vasina kurapwa, vanenge vanhu vese vane hutachiwana hweHIV vanozoita AIDS. Vamwe vanhu vanoita AIDS mukati memakore mashoma ehutachiona. Vamwe vanoramba vaine hutano hwakakwana mushure memakore gumi kana makumi maviri (anonzi marefu-marefu vasina kufambira mberi).

Vanhu vane AIDS vane masoja emuviri avo akakuvara neHIV. Ivo vari panjodzi yakanyanya yekuwana hutachiona husingawanzoitika kune vanhu vane immune system yakanaka. Hutachiona uhwu hunodaidzwa kuti mikana yekuzvitakura. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona, hutachiona, fungi, kana protozoa, uye zvinogona kukanganisa chero chikamu chemuviri. Vanhu vane AIDS vari zvakare panjodzi yakanyanya yemamwe kanzira, kunyanya lymphomas uye gomarara reganda rinonzi Kaposi sarcoma.

Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nehumwe hutachiona uye chikamu chemuviri chine hutachiona. Zvirwere zvemapapu zvakajairika muAIDS uye zvinowanzo kukonzera kukosora, fivha, uye kufema kwekufema. Zvirwere zvemukati zvakajairika uye zvinogona kukonzera manyoka, kurwadziwa mudumbu, kurutsa, kana kumedza matambudziko. Kurera huremu, kupisa muviri, dikita, mapundu, uye kuzvimba kwemajenumusi matinji zvakajairika muvanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV neAIDS.

Pane bvunzo dzinoitwa kuongorora kana watapukirwa nehutachiona.

KUDZIDZISWA KWEMAHARA

Kazhinji, kuyedza idanho rechipiri-nhanho:

• Kuongorora bvunzo - Kune akati wandei bvunzo. Kumwe kuongororwa kweropa, kumwe kuongororwa kwemuromo kwemvura. Vanotarisa masoja ekudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV, antigen yeHIV, kana zvese zviri zviviri. Mimwe bvunzo dzekuongorora dzinogona kupa mhinduro mumaminitsi makumi matatu kana pasi.
• Yekutevera-bvunzo - Iyi inonziwo bvunzo yekusimbisa. Inowanzoitwa kana iyo bvunzo yekuongorora iri yakanaka.

Miedzo yekumba inowanikwa kuongorora HIV. Kana iwe ukaronga kushandisa imwe, tarisa kuti uone kuti inogamuchirwa neDFA. Tevedza rairo pane kavha kuona kuti mhedzisiro iri yechokwadi sezvinobvira.

ICentre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inokurudzira kuti munhu wese ane makore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu nemashanu aongororwe hutachiwana hweHIV. Vanhu vane maitiro ane njodzi vanofanira kuongororwa nguva dzose. Vakadzi vane nhumbu vanofanirwawo kuongororwa bvunzo.

MIYEDZO KUSVIRA KUZIVISWA NEHIV

Vanhu vane AIDS vanowanzoongororwa ropa kuti vaongorore maCD4 cell count avo:

• MaCD4 T ndiwo masero eropa anorwiswa neHIV. Iwo anonziwo T4 maseru kana "anobatsira T masero."
• Sezvo HIV inokanganisa masoja emuviri, CD4 count inodonha. Huwandu hweCD4 huwandu hunobva pamazana mashanu kusvika chiuru nemazana mashanu emasero / mm³ zveropa.
• Vanhu vanowanzoita zviratidzo apo CD4 count yavo inodonha pasi pe350. Zvinonetsa zvakanyanya zvinoitika apo CD4 count inodonha kusvika pamazana maviri. Kana huwandu hwacho huri pasi pe200, munhu anonzi ane AIDS.

Mimwe bvunzo inosanganisira:

• Mukana weHIV RNA, kana huwandu hwehutachiona, kutarisa huwandu hweHIV muropa
• Ongororo yekudzivirira kuti uone kana hutachiona hune shanduko mumagenesis kodhi inozotungamira mukushomeka kwemishonga inoshandiswa kurapa HIV
• Yakazara kuverenga kweropa, kemisitiri weropa, uye weti bvunzo
• Kuedzwa kwehumwe hutachiona hwehutachiona
• TB bvunzo
• Pap smear kutarisa gomarara remuchibereko
• Anal Pap Pap smear kutarisa gomarara reanus

HIV / AIDS inorapwa nemishonga inoita kuti hutachiona urege kuwanda. Mushonga uyu unonzi antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Munguva yakapfuura, vanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV vaizotanga kurapwa maantiretroviral mushure mekunge huwandu hwavo hweCD4 hwaderera kana vaita matambudziko eHIV. Nhasi, kurapwa kweHIV kunokurudzirwa kuvanhu vese vane hutachiona hweHIV, kunyangwe kana CD4 yavo ichiri yakajairika.

Nguva dzose kuongororwa ropa kunodiwa kuti uone kuti hutachiona muropa (hutachiona hwehutachiona) hunochengetwa pasi kana kudzvanywa. Chinangwa chekurapa kudzikisa hutachiona hweHIV muropa kusvika padanho rakadzikira zvekuti bvunzo haigone kuiona. Izvi zvinonzi zvisingaonekwi hutachiona hutachiona.

Kana huwandu hweCD4 hwakatodonha kurapwa kusati kwatanga, kazhinji hunokwira zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvinetso zveHIV zvinowanzopera apo immune system inopora.

Kubatana neboka rekutsigira uko nhengo dzinogovana zvakajairika uye matambudziko zvinogona kubatsira kudzikisira kushushikana kwepfungwa kwekuva nechirwere chenguva refu.

Nekurapwa, vanhu vazhinji vaneHIV / AIDS vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka uye hwakajairika.

Kurapa kwazvino hakurape hutachiona. Mishonga inoshanda chete sekutorwa kwayakaitwa mazuva ese. Kana mishonga ikamiswa, huwandu hwehutachiona hunokwira uye huwandu hweCD4 hwodonha. Kana mishonga ikasatorwa nguva dzose, hutachiona hunogona kusagadzikana nemushonga mumwe kana anopfuura, uye mushonga unorega kushanda.

Vanhu vari kurapwa vanofanirwa kugara vachiona vanovapa hutano. Izvi ndezvekuve nechokwadi chekuti mishonga iri kushanda uye kuongorora mhedzisiro yemishonga.

Shevedza musangano kuti uwane musangano nemupi wako kana iwe uine chero njodzi dzinoita hutachiona hweHIV. Batawo mupi wako kana iwe ukava nezviratidzo zveAIDS. Pamutemo, zvabuda pakuongororwa kweHIV zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa zvakavanzika (zvakavanzika). Wako mupi anoongorora ako miedzo bvunzo newe.

Kudzivirira HIV / AIDS:

• Ongorora. Vanhu vasingazive kuti vane hutachiona hweHIV uye vanotaridzika uye vanonzwa vakagwinya ndivo vangangoitapurira vamwe.
• Usashandise zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo uye usagovane tsono kana majekiseni. Nharaunda zhinji dzine zvirongwa zvekuchinjana tsono uko kwaunogona kubvisa majekiseni akamboshandiswa uye uwane matsva, asina kuchena. Vashandi pamapurogiramu aya vanogona zvakare kukuendesa iwe kunodhakwa kurapwa.
• Dzivisa kusangana neropa remumwe munhu. Kana zvichibvira, pfeka mbatya dzinodzivirira, chifukidzo, uye magogorosi paunenge uchichengeta vanhu vakakuvara.
• Kana ukaongororwa uine hutachiwana hweHIV, unogona kutapurira vamwe. Iwe haufanire kupa ropa, plasma, nhengo dzemuviri, kana urume.
• Vakadzi vane hutachiona hweHIV vanogona kubata pamuviri vanofanirwa kutaura nemupi wavo nezve njodzi kumwana wavo asati aberekwa. Vanofanirawo kukurukura nzira dzekudzivirira nadzo mwana wavo kubva mukutapukirwa, sekutora mishonga yemaARVT panguva yepamuviri.
• Kuyamwisa kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa kudzivirira kupfuudza HIV kuvacheche kuburikidza nemukaka wemukaka.

Maitiro epabonde akachengeteka, sekushandisa makondomu eratex, anoshanda mukudzivirira kupararira kweHIV. Asi pachine mukana wekutapukirwa, kunyangwe nekushandisa makondomu (semuenzaniso, makondomu anogona kubvaruka).

Muvanhu vasina hutachiona hutachiona, asi vari panjodzi huru yekuhutora, kutora mushonga wakadai saTruvada (emtricitabine uye tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) kana Descovy (emtricitabine uye tenofovir alafenamide) zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira hutachiona. Mushonga uyu unozivikanwa se pre-exposure prophylaxis, kana PrEP. Taura nemupi wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti PrEP inogona kunge yakakunakira iwe.

Vanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV vari kutora mishonga yemaARV uye vasina hutachiona muropa ravo havaendese hutachiona.

Ropa reUS nderimwe remakachengeteka kwazvo pasirese. Vanenge vanhu vese vakatapukirwa neHIV kuburikidza nekuisirwa ropa vakagamuchira kuwedzerwa uku 1985, gore iro kuongororwa kweHIV kwakatanga kweropa rese rakapihwa.

Kana iwe uchitenda kuti wakambosangana neHIV, tsvaga kurapwa kubva ipapo. Usanonoka. Kutanga mishonga yemishonga inorwisa hutachiona mushure mekuratidzwa (kusvika pamazuva matatu mushure) inogona kudzikisira mukana wekuti utapukirwe. Izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Yakave ichishandiswa kudzivirira kutapurirana muvashandi vehutano vakakuvara nezvidimbu zvetsono.

Utachiona hweHIV; Kubatira - HIV; Hutachiona hwevanhu; Kuwana immune defence syndrome: HIV-1

• Chikafu chemukati - mwana - kugadzirisa matambudziko
• Gastrostomy yekudyisa chubhu - bolus
• Jejunostomy yekudyisa chubhu
• Oral mucositis - kuzvitarisira

• MaSDD uye ecological niches
• HIV
• Hutachiona hweHIV hwepakutanga
• Canker chironda (aphthous ulcer)
• Mycobacterium marinum hutachiona paruoko
• Dermatitis - seborrheic kumeso
• AIDS
• Kaposi sarcoma - pedyo-kumusoro
• Histoplasmosis, yakaparadzirwa muHIV murwere
• Molluscum pachifuva
• Kaposi sarcoma kumusana
• Kaposi's sarcoma pachidya
• Molluscum contagiosum kumeso
• Antibodies
• Tiibhii mumapapu
• Kaposi sarcoma - lesion patsoka
• Kaposi sarcoma - perianal
• Herpes zoster (shingles) inoparadzirwa
• Dermatitis seborrheic - pedyo-up

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