Meningococcal yomumuzongoza

Meningitis chirwere chema membranes anovhara uropi uye musana. Ichi chifukidziro chinonzi meninges.

Mabhakitiriya ndeimwe mhando yehutachiona iyo inogona kukonzera meningitis. Iyo meningococcal bacteria ndeimwe mhando yebhakitiriya inokonzera meningitis.

Meningococcal meningitis inokonzerwa nehutachiona Neisseria meningitidis (inozivikanwawo se meningococcus).

Meningococcus ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera bhakitiriya meningitis muvana nevechiri kuyaruka. Icho chiri chikonzero chinotungamira chebacteria meningitis muvanhu vakuru.

Utachiona hunowanzoitika munguva yechando kana muchirimo. Zvinogona kukonzera denda remunharaunda kuzvikoro zvebhodhingi, dzimba dzekureji, kana mabhesheni emauto.

Njodzi zvinhu zvinosanganisira kuburitswa munguva pfupi yapfuura kune mumwe munhu ane meningococcal meningitis, anowedzera kushomeka, kushandiswa kweeculizumab, uye kuratidzwa kwefodya.

Zviratidzo zvinowanzouya nekukurumidza, uye zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Fivha uye kutonhora
• Mamiriro epfungwa anochinja
• Kusvotwa uye kurutsa
• Purple, kupwanya-kunge nzvimbo (purpura)
• Rash, pini tsvuku tsvuku (petechiae)
• Kunzwisisa kuchiedza (photophobia)
• Musoro wakanyanya
• Mutsipa wakaoma

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika nechirwere ichi:

• Kusagadzikana
• Kubhururuka fontanelles mune vacheche
• Kuderera kwekuziva
• Kudya kwakashata kana kutsamwa muvana
• Kukurumidza kufema
• Kujairika kujairika nemusoro uye mutsipa wakakomberedzwa kumashure (opisthotonus)

Anopa hutano anoita bvunzo dzepanyama. Mibvunzo inozotarisa pane zviratidzo uye zvinogona kuratidzwa kune mumwe munhu angave aine zvakafanana zviratidzo, senge rakaomarara mutsipa nefivha.

Kana iye mupi achifunga kuti meningitis inogoneka, lumbar puncture (musana tambo) inogona kuitirwa kuwana muyenzaniso wepelinha yemvura yekuyedzwa.

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• Tsika yeropa
• Chest x-ray
• CT scan yemusoro
• White blood cell (WBC) kuverenga
• Gram stain, mamwe mavara akakosha

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ichatangwa nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona.

• Ceftriaxone imwe yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inonyanya kushandiswa.
• Penicillin mune yakakwira madhizaizi ingangoita inoshanda nguva dzose.
• Kana paine allergies kune penicillin, chloramphenicol inogona kushandiswa.

Dzimwe nguva, corticosteroids inogona kupihwa.

Vanhu vane hukama hwepedyo nemunhu ane meningococcal meningitis vanofanirwa kupihwa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kudzivirira hutachiona.

Vanhu vakadaro vanosanganisira:

• Nhengo dzemhuri
• Vamuri kugara mudzimba dzekugara
• Vemauto vanogara munzvimbo dziri pedyo
• Vaya vanosangana nepedyo uye kwenguva refu kusangana nemunhu ane hutachiona

Kurapa kwekutanga kunovandudza mhedzisiro. Rufu runogoneka. Vana vadiki nevanhu vakuru vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu vane njodzi huru yekufa.

Yenguva refu matambudziko anogona kusanganisira:

• Kukuvara kwehuropi
• Kunzwa kurasikirwa
• Kuvaka kwemvura mukati mehenya iyo inotungamira kuhuropi kuzvimba (hydrocephalus)
• Kuvaka kwemvura pakati pehenya nehuropi (subdural effusion)
• Kuzvimba kwemoyo mhasuru (myocarditis)
• Kufenda

Fonera 911 kana iyo yemuno emergency emergency kana kuenda kune yekukurumidza emergency kamuri kana iwe uchifungidzira meningitis mumwana mudiki ane zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• Kudyisa matambudziko
• Kuchema kwepamusoro
• Kushatirwa
• Kuramba kusinganzwisisike fivha

Meningitis inogona kukurumidza kuve chirwere chinotyisa.

Vhara vanofambidzana mumhuri imwechete, chikoro, kana nzvimbo yekuchengetedza vana inofanirwa kutariswa zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere nekukurumidza kana munhu wekutanga aonekwa. Dzese mhuri uye shamwari dzepedyo dzemunhu uyu dzinofanira kutanga kurapwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nekukurumidza kudzivirira hutachiona. Kumbira mupiki wako nezve izvi panguva yekutanga kushanya.

Nguva dzose shandisa tsika dzakanaka, dzakadai sekugeza maoko usati uye mushure mekuchinja manapukeni kana mushure mekushandisa imba yekugezera.

Mishonga yekudzivirira meningococcus inoshanda kudzora kupararira. Ivo parizvino vanokurudzirwa ku:

• Vayaruki
• Vadzidzi vekoreji vari mugore ravo rekutanga vachigara mudzimba dzekugara
• Vanotorwa muchiuto
• Vafambi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika

Kunyangwe zvisingawanzoitika, vanhu vakabaiwa majekiseni vanogona kutangisa hutachiona.

Meningococcal yomumuzongoza; Gram isina kunaka - meningococcus

• Meningococcal maronda kumashure
• Central nervous system uye yekumusoro tsinga system
• CSF cell kuverenga
• Chiratidzo chaBrudzinski che meningitis
• Chiratidzo chaKernig che meningitis

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Bhakitiriya meningitis. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Yakagadziridzwa Nyamavhuvhu 6, 2019. Yakasvika muna Zvita 1, 2020.

Pollard AJ, Sadarangani M.Neisseria meningitides (meningococcus). Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 218.

Stephens DS. Neisseria meningitidis. Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsama 211.