Allergies

Allergy ndeyekudzivirira immune kana kuita kune izvo zvinhu zvisingawanzo kukuvadza.

Allergies yakajairika. Ose magene uye nharaunda anoita basa. Kana vese vabereki vako vaine kurwara, pane mukana wakanaka wekuti unazvo, futi.

Ma immune immune anowanzo chengetedza muviri kubva kuzvinhu zvinokuvadza, zvakaita sehutachiona nemavhairasi. Iyo inobatawo kune zvekunze zvinhu zvinonzi ma allergener. Izvi hazviwanzo kukuvadza uye mune vanhu vazhinji hazvikonzere dambudziko.

Mune munhu ane allergies, immune immune inonyanyisa. Kana ichinge yazviona segengengen, immune system inotangisa mhinduro. Mishonga yakadai se histamines inosunungurwa. Aya makemikari anokonzera zviratidzo zvekurwisa.

Kazhinji zvinowanzoitika zvinosanganisira:

• Zvinodhaka
• Guruva
• Chikafu
• Uturu hwechipembenene
• Muforoma
• Pet uye imwe mhuka inodzungaira
• Mukume

Vamwe vanhu vane allergies-senge maitiro kune anopisa kana kutonhora tembiricha, zuva, kana zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza. Dzimwe nguva, kupesana (kukwiza kana kukwenya ganda) kunokonzeresa zviratidzo.

Allergies inogona kuita mamwe marapirwo mamiriro, senge sinus matambudziko, eczema, uye asthma, zvakanyanya.

Kunyanya, iyo chikamu chemuviri iyo allergen inobata inokanganisa izvo zviratidzo zvaunokudziridza. Semuyenzaniso:

• Allergener aunofema mukati kazhinji anokonzeresa mhino, inocheka mhino nehuro, mamasi, kukosora, uye kufema.
• Allergeniki anobata maziso anogona kukonzera kunhuwa, mvura, kutsvuka, kuzvimba maziso.
• Kudya chimwe chinhu chausingatarisirwe nacho kunogona kukonzera kusvotwa, kurutsa, kurwadziwa mudumbu, kupwanya, manyoka, kana kuita kwakakomba, kunotyisa hupenyu.
• Allergens inobata ganda inogona kukonzera kuputika kweganda, mikoko, kuchenesa, blisters, kana ganda rekucheka.
• Kurwiswa kwemishonga kazhinji kunosanganisira muviri wese uye kunogona kutungamira kune akasiyana zviratidzo.

Dzimwe nguva, chisimbwa chinogona kukonzera mhinduro inosanganisira muviri wese.

Anopa hutano anoita bvunzo dzemuviri uye obvunza mibvunzo, senge panenge paitika chisimbwa.

Allergy kuyedza kunogona kudiwa kuti uone kana izvo zviratidzo zviri chaizvo zvechirwere kana zvichikonzerwa nemamwe matambudziko. Semuenzaniso, kudya chikafu chakashatiswa (chikafu chekudya) kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakafanana nehaga yekudya. Mimwe mishonga (yakadai seaspirin uye ampicillin) inogona kuburitsa zvisingaite, kusanganisira mapundu. Mhuno inomhanya kana kukosora kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwehutachiona.

Kuongorora kweganda ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekuyedza kurwisa.

• Chiyero cheprick chinosanganisira kuisa shoma yezvinhu zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokonzeresa kukonzeresa paganda, uye zvobva zvadzvanya nzvimbo yacho zvishoma nezvishoma kuitira kuti chinhu chinofamba pasi peganda. Ganda rinonyatso tariswa nezviratidzo zvekuita, izvo zvinosanganisira kuzvimba uye kutsvuka.
• Iyo intradermal bvunzo inosanganisira yekujoinha diki yeiyo allergen pasi peganda rako, wobva watarisa ganda kuti riite.
• Ese ari maviri prick uye intradermal bvunzo dzinoverengwa maminetsi gumi neshanu mushure mekushandisa kwemuyedzo.
• Iyo chigamba bvunzo inosanganisira kuisa chigamba pamwe neanofungidzirwa kuti allergen paganda rako. Ganda rinobva rakatariswa zvakanyanya kune zviratidzo zvekuita. Uyu muedzo unoshandiswa kuona kusangana kweanorwara. Inowanzo kuverengerwa maawa makumi mana nemasere kusvika makumi manomwe nemaviri mushure mekushandisa kwemuedzo.

Chiremba anogona zvakare kutarisa maitiro ako kune zvinokonzeresa zvemuviri nekushandisa kupisa, kutonhora, kana kumwe kukurudzira mumuviri wako uye kutarisa mhinduro yeanogadzirisa.

Kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kuitwa kunosanganisira:

• Immunoglobulin E (IgE), iyo inoyera nhanho dzezvinhu zvine chekuita nehurwere
• Yakazara huwandu hweropa (CBC) panguva iyo eosinophil chena ropa masero kuverenga kunoitwa

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiremba anogona kukuudza kuti udzivise zvimwe zvinhu kuti uone kana uchirwara, kana kushandisa zvinhu zvaunofungidzirwa kuti uone kana uchinzwa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinodaidzwa kuti "shandisa kana kuyedza kubvisa." Izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa kutarisa chikafu kana mishonga allergies.

Zvakanyanya kugadzikana (anaphylaxis) inoda kurapwa nemushonga unonzi epinephrine. Iyo inogona kuponesa hupenyu kana ikapihwa ipapo ipapo. Kana iwe ukashandisa epinephrine, fonera 911 kana iyo yemuno emergency nhamba uye enda wakananga kuchipatara.

Nzira yakanakisa yekudzora zviratidzo ndeyekudzivirira izvo zvinokonzeresa kurwara kwako. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha pakurwara kwezvokudya uye zvinodhaka.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga yekudzivirira uye kurapa chisimbwa. Ndeupi mushonga unokurudzirwa nachiremba wako zvinoenderana nerudzi uye kuomarara kwezviratidzo zvako, zera rako, uye hutano hwakazara.

Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona (senge asthma, hay fever, uye eczema) zvinogona kuda kumwe kurapwa.

Mishonga inogona kushandiswa kurapa allergies inosanganisira:

ANTIHISTAMINES

Antihistamines inowanikwa pamusoro peiyo-the-counter uye nemushonga. Ivo vanowanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana, kusanganisira:

• Makapisi uye mapiritsi
• Maziso anodonha
• Jekiseni
• Liquid
• Nasal pfapfaidzo

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Iyi mishonga inorwisa kuzvimba. Ivo vanowanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana, kusanganisira:

• Makirimu nemafuta ekuzora ganda
• Maziso anodonha
• Nasal pfapfaidzo
• Lung inhaler
• Mapiritsi
• Jekiseni

Vanhu vane zvakanyanya kukanganiswa nezviratidzo vanogona kupihwa corticosteroid mapiritsi kana majekiseni kwenguva pfupi.

VANODZIDZISA

Decongestants anobatsira kurerutsa yakanyorova mhino. Usashandise decongestant nasal spray kwemazuva anopfuura mazuva akati wandei nekuti anogona kukonzeresa mhedzisiro uye kuita kuti kuzara kuwedzere. Zvidzvinyiriri mune fomu piritsi hazvikonzere dambudziko iri. Vanhu vane yakakwira BP, matambudziko emwoyo, kana kuwedzera kweprostate vanofanirwa kushandisa decongestants nekuchenjerera.

MIMWE Mishonga

Leukotriene inhibitors mishonga inovhara zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kurwara. Vanhu vane asthma uye zvemukati nekunze kurwara vanogona kupihwa mishonga iyi.

CHITSAUKO CHEMAOKO

Allergy shots (immunotherapy) dzimwe nguva inokurudzirwa kana iwe usingakwanise kudzivirira iyo allergen uye zviratidzo zvako zvakaoma kudzora. Allergy shots inochengetedza muviri wako kubva pamusoro-kuita kune iyo allergen. Iwe unowana majekiseni akajairwa eevergen. Imwe neimwe dosi iri yakati kurei zvishoma pane iyo yekupedzisira dhizaini kusvikira pahuwandu hwehosi hwasvika Aya mapfuti haashande kune wese munhu uye uchafanirwa kushanyira chiremba kazhinji.

SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY KURAPWA (SLIT)

Panzvimbo pekukanda pfuti, mushonga wakaiswa pasi perurimi unogona kubatsira huswa, ragweed, uye guruva mite allergies.

Kumbira mupiki wako kana paine chero asima uye mapoka ekutsigira allergy munharaunda yako.

Mazhinji allergies anogona kurapwa nyore nemushonga.

Vamwe vana vanogona kukurumidza kusagadzikana, kunyanya zvekudya zvekudya. Asi kana chinhu chikakonzera kusagadzikana, chinowanzoenderera chichikanganisa munhu.

Allergy shots anonyanya kushanda kana achishandiswa kurapa hay fever uye zvipembenene zvinorwisa allergies. Izvo hazvishandiswe kurapa kusagadzikana kwechikafu nekuda kwenjodzi yekuita zvakakomba.

Allergy pfuti dzinogona kuda makore ekurapwa, asi dzinoshanda kazhinji. Zvisinei, zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana mhedzisiro (senge mikoko uye mapundu) uye zvine njodzi mhedzisiro (senge anaphylaxis). Taura nemupi wako kana madonhe ekurwisa (SLIT) akakukodzera.

Matambudziko anogona kukonzeresa kubva ku allergies kana kurapwa kwavo kunosanganisira:

• Anaphylaxis (hupenyu hunotyisidzira allergic reaction)
• Matambudziko ekufema uye kusagadzikana panguva yekusagadzikana kwekuita
• Kukotsira uye nezvimwe zvinokanganisa mishonga

Dana kuti usangane nemupi wako kana:

• Zviratidzo zvakakomba zvechirwere zvinoitika
• Kurapa kwehutachiona hakuchashandi

Kuyamwisa kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kana kudzikisa kurwara kana iwe uchipa vana vacheche nzira chete kwemwedzi mina kusvika kumitanhatu. Zvisinei, kuchinja kudya kwaamai panguva yekuzvitakura kana panguva yekuyamwisa hakuite sekubatsira kudzivirira kusagadzikana.

Kune vazhinji vana, kushandura dhayeti kana kushandisa akakosha mafomula zvinoita kunge hazvidzivirire allergies. Kana mubereki, mukoma, hanzvadzi, kana imwe nhengo yemhuri ine nhoroondo ye eczema uye allergies, kurukurai kudyisa nachiremba wemwana wako.

Kune zvakare humbowo hwekuti kuburitswa kune mamwe maargengener (akadai seguruva mite uye cat dander) mugore rekutanga rehupenyu kunogona kudzivirira kumwe kurwara. Izvi zvinonzi "hutsanana fungidziro." Izvo zvakabva mukucherechedzwa kwekuti vacheche pamapurazi vanowanzove nehutachiona hwushoma pane avo vanokura munzvimbo dzisina kuchena. Zvisinei, vana vakuru vanoita sevasingabatsiri.

Kamwe kana allergies yatanga, kurapa chisimbwa uye nekunyatso kudzivirira zvinokonzeresa kurwisa kunogona kudzivirira kuitika mune ramangwana.

Allergy - chisimbwa; Allergy - allergener

• Allergic rhinitis - chii chekubvunza chiremba wako - mukuru
• Allergic rhinitis - chii chekubvunza chiremba wako - mwana
• Chirwere - kukurumidza-kununura zvinodhaka

• Allergic maitiro
• Allergy zviratidzo
• Histamine inosunungurwa
• Nhanganyaya yekurapa kurapa
• Mikoko (urticaria) paruoko
• Mikoko (urticaria) pachipfuva
• Allergies
• Antibodies

Chiriac AM, Bousquet J, Demoly P. Mune vivo nzira dzekudzidza uye kuongororwa kwechirwere. Mune: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, Broide DH, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Maitiro uye Maitiro. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 67.

Custovic A, Tovey E. Allergen kudzora kwekudzivirira uye manejimendi ezvirwere zvemuviri. Mune: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, Broide DH, et al, eds. Middleton's Allergy: Maitiro uye Maitiro. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 84.

Nadeau KC. Kusvika kune murwere ane allergiki kana immune immunologic chirwere. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 235.

Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Lang DM. Pharmacologic kurapwa kwemwaka wegoregic rhinitis: zvirevo zvekutungamirwa kubva ku2017 rakabatana boka rekuita pamatanho ekudzidzira. Ann Mukati Med. 2017; 167 (12): 876-881. PMID: 29181536 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29181536/.