Tularemia

Tularemia hutachiona hwehutachiona mumakonzo emusango. Iyo bhakitiriya inopfuudzwa kuvanhu kuburikidza nekubata netishu kubva kumhuka ine hutachiona. Utachiona hunogona zvakare kupfuudzwa nezvikwekwe, nhunzi dzinoruma, uye umhutu.

Tularemia inokonzerwa nebhakitiriya Francisella tularensis.

Vanhu vanogona kuwana chirwere kuburikidza:

• Kuruma kunobva kuchikwekwe chine utachiona, nhunzi, kana humhutu
• Kufema muhutachiona hutachiona kana zvinhu zvemuti
• Kubata zvakananga, kuburikidza nekupwanya paganda, nemhuka ine hutachiona kana mutumbi wayo wakafa (kazhinji kacho tsuro, muskrat, beaver, kana squirrel)
• Kudya nyama ine hutachiona (zvisingawanzoitika)

Chirwere chinowanzoitika muNorth America uye zvikamu zveEurope neAsia. MuUnited States, chirwere ichi chinowanikwa kazhinji muMissouri, South Dakota, Oklahoma, uye Arkansas. Kunyangwe kuputika kunogona kuitika muUnited States, hazviwanzo.

Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuita mabayo mushure mekufema muhutachiona hutachiona kana zvinhu zvekudyara. Hutachiona uhwu hwave kuzivikanwa kuti hunoitika paMartha Wemunda Wemizambiringa (Massachusetts), uko mabhakitiriya aripo mune tsuro, macarcoon, uye skunks.

Zviratidzo zvinokura mazuva matatu kusvika mashanu mushure mekuratidzwa. Chirwere chinowanzotanga pakarepo. Inogona kuenderera kwemavhiki akati wandei mushure mekutanga kwezviratidzo.

Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Fivha, kutonhora, kudikitira
• Kushatirwa kweziso (conjunctivitis, kana hutachiona hwatanga muziso)
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Kuomarara kwakabatana, kurwadziwa kwemhasuru
• Tsvuku tsvuku paganda, ichikura kuva chironda (ulcer)
• Kufema kwekufema
• Kuonda

Kuyedzwa kwechiitiko ichi kunosanganisira:

• Ropa tsika yebhakitiriya
• Ropa bvunzo kuyera immune immune mhinduro (antibodies) kune hutachiona (serology ye tularemia)
• Chest x-ray
• Polymerase cheni reaction (PCR) bvunzo yemuenzaniso kubva kune ulcer

Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekuporesa hutachiona nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya streptomycin uye tetracycline zvinowanzoshandiswa kurapa hutachiona uhu. Imwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, gentamicin, yakaedzwa senzira yekutsiva streptomycin. Gentamicin inoita kunge inoshanda zvakanyanya, asi yakaverengerwa muvanhu vashoma chete nekuti ichi chirwere chisingawanzoitika. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya tetracycline uye chloramphenicol inogona kushandiswa yoga, asi haisi sarudzo yekutanga.

Tularemia inouraya munenge 5% yematambudziko asina kurapwa, uye mune isingasviki 1% yematambudziko anorapwa.

Tularemia inogona kutungamira kumatambudziko aya:

• Utachiona hwepfupa (osteomyelitis)
• Kubatwa kwesaga kwakatenderedza moyo (pericarditis)
• Utachiona hwenzvimbo dzinofukidza uropi uye musana (meningitis)
• Chirwere chemabayo

Danaidza mupi wako wezvehutano kana zviratidzo zvichikura mushure mekurumwa nemakonzo, kurumwa nechikwekwe, kana kusangana nenyama yemhuka yemusango.

Matanho ekudzivirira anosanganisira kupfeka magirovhosi paunenge uchikurura kana kupfeka mhuka dzesango, uye kugara kure nemhuka dzinorwara kana dzakafa.

Deerfly fever; Fivha yetsuro; Pahvant Valley denda; Ohara chirwere; Yato-byo (Japan); Lemming fever

• Mhembwe nondo
• Zvikwekwe
• Tiki yakasimbiswa mukati meganda
• Antibodies
• Hutachiona

Penn RL. Francisella tularensis (tularemia). Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro eInfectious Disease, Yakagadziridzwa Edition. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chitsiko 229.

Schaffner W. Tularemia nevamwe Francisella zvirwere. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chits 311.