Kudhakwa kweopioid

Opioid-based zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira morphine, oxycodone, uye synthetic (inogadzirwa nevanhu) opioid narcotic, senge fentanyl. Ivo vanorayirwa kurapa kurwadziwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kana maitiro emazino. Dzimwe nguva, anoshandiswa kurapa kukosora kwakanyanya kana manyoka. Iyo isiri pamutemo zvinodhaka heroin zvakare opioid. Kana akashungurudzwa, maopioid anoita kuti munhu anzwe akasununguka uye anofara zvakanyanya (euphoria) Muchidimbu, mishonga inoshandiswa kukwira.

Opioid kudhakwa chiitiko umo iwe usiri wakakwirira chete kubva pakushandisa mushonga, asi zvakare une zviratidzo zvemuviri zvakawandisa zvinogona kukuita kuti urware uye uremare.

Opioid kudhakwa kunogona kuitika kana mupi wezvehutano achipa opioid, asi:

• Mupiki haazive kuti munhu ari kutora imwe opioid kumba.
• Munhu wacho ane dambudziko rehutano, senge chiropa kana dambudziko reitsvo, izvo zvinogona kupedzisira zvaita kudhakwa.
• Iye anopa anopa mishonga yekurara (sedative) kuwedzera kune opioid.
• Iye mupi haazive kuti mumwe mupi akatonyorera opioid.

Mune vanhu vanoshandisa maopioid kukwira, kudhakwa kunogona kukonzerwa ne:

• Kushandisa zvakawandisa zvemushonga
• Kushandisa opioid nemamwe madhiragi, senge yekurara mishonga kana doro
• Kutora opioid munzira dzisingawanzoshandiswa, senge kuputa kana kupururudza kuburikidza nemhino (snorted)

Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nekuti yakawanda sei mishonga inotorwa.

Zviratidzo zveopioid kudhakwa zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Akachinja mamiriro epfungwa, senge nyonganiso, delirium, kana kudzikira kwekuziva kana kupindura
• Matambudziko ekufema (kufema kunogona kunonoka uye pakupedzisira kumira)
• Kunyanya kurara kana kurasikirwa kwekusvinura
• Kusvotwa uye kurutsa
• Vana vadiki

Miedzo inorayirwa inoenderana nekunetsekana kwemupi kune mamwe matambudziko ehutano. Miedzo inogona kusanganisira:

• Kuongororwa kweropa
• CT scan yehuropi, kana munhu ari kugwinha kana anogona kukuvara musoro
• ECG (electrocardiogram) kuyera chiitiko chemagetsi mumoyo
• Chest x-ray kutarisa mabayo
• Toxicology (chepfu) kuongorora

Iye mupi anoyera nekutarisa zviratidzo zvakakosha zvemunhu, zvinosanganisira kupisa, kupomba, kufema, uye kuwedzerwa kweropa. Zviratidzo zvichabatwa sezvakakodzera. Munhu wacho anogona kugamuchira:

• Kufema kwekutsigira, kusanganisira oxygen, kana chubhu inopinda nemumuromo mumapapu nekubatanidza kumuchina wekufema
• IV mvura
• Mushonga unonzi naloxone (Evzio, Narcan) kuvharira mhedzisiro yeopioid pane yepakati tsinga system
• Mimwe mishonga sezvainodiwa

Sezvo mhedzisiro yeiyoxone ichiwanzo ipfupi, timu yekutarisira hutano inoongorora murwere kwemaawa mana kusvika matanhatu mubazi rekukurumidzira. Vanhu vane zvine mwero kusvika mukunyanyisa kudhakwa vangangobvumirwa kuchipatara kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana.

Kuongororwa kwehutano hwepfungwa kunodiwa kana munhu akazviuraya.

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosarudzira mhedzisiro- uye refu-kwenguva mhedzisiro mushure mekudhakwa kweopioid. Mimwe yacho ndeiyi:

• Chiyero chepfu, semuenzaniso, kana munhu akamira kufema, uye kwenguva yakareba sei
• Kakawanda sei mishonga inoshandiswa
• Migumisiro yemarara yakasanganiswa nezvinhu zvisiri pamutemo
• Kukuvara kunoitika nekuda kwekushandisa zvinodhaka
• Pasi pehutano mamiriro

Matambudziko ehutano anogona kuitika anosanganisira chero eanotevera:

• Kukuvara kwemapapu zvachose
• Kufenda, kudedera
• Kuderedzwa kugona kwekufunga zvakajeka
• Kusadzikama uye kunetseka kufamba
• Zvirwere kana kukuvara kusingaperi kwenhengo nekuda kwejekiseni kushandiswa kwechirwere

Kudhakwa - maopioid; Kushungurudzwa kweopioid - kudhakwa; Kushandisa opioid - kudhakwa

Aronson JK. Opioid receptor agonists. Mune: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler's Side Migumisiro yeMishonga. 16 ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 348-380.

National Institute yeDrug Abuse webhusaiti. Opioid. www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids. Yakasvika muna Kubvumbi 29, 2019.

National Institute yeDrug Abuse webhusaiti. Ndeapi matambudziko ekurapa ekugara achishandisa heroin? www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-medical-complications-chronic-heroin-use. Yakagadziridzwa June 2018. Yakasvika muna Kubvumbi 29, 2019.

Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Opioid. Mune: Masvingo RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts uye Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chitsiko 156.