Diphtheria

Diphtheria chirwere chakakomba chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Mabhakitiriya anokonzera diphtheria anopararira kuburikidza nemadonhwe ekufema (sekukosora kana kuhotsira) kwemunhu ane hutachiona kana mumwe munhu anotakura mabhakitiriya asi asina zviratidzo.

Mabhakitiriya anowanzo kanganisa mhino yako nehuro. Hutachiona hwehuro hunokonzeresa kuchena kusvika kune nhema, kuomarara, kwakafanana nefibre, kunogona kuvhara nzira dzako dzekufema. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, diphtheria inotapura ganda rako kutanga uye inokonzeresa maronda eganda.

Paunenge watapukirwa, hutachiona hunogadzira zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinodaidzwa kuti chepfu. Iyo chepfu inopararira kuburikidza neropa rako kune dzimwe nhengo, senge moyo nehuropi, uye zvinokanganisa.

Nekuda kwekubaiwa nhomba (kubaya nhomba) kwevana, diphtheria yave kushomeka mumatunhu mazhinji epasi.

Njodzi dzinokonzera diphtheria dzinosanganisira nharaunda dzakazara, hutsanana, uye kushomeka kwekudzivirira.

Zviratidzo zvinowanzoitika 1 kusvika mazuva manomwe mushure mekunge mabhakitiriya apinda mumuviri wako:

• Fivha uye kutonhora
• Huro huro, hoarseness
• Kumedza kunorwadza
• Kukosora-kunge (kuhukura) kukosora
• Kudonhedza mvura (inoratidza kuvharika kwendege kuri kuda kuitika)
• Bluish coloration yeganda
• Ropa, mvura inoyerera kubva mumhino
• Zvinetso zvekufema, zvinosanganisira kunetseka kufema, kufema nekukurumidza, kurira kwepamusoro-kurira (stridor)
• Maronda eganda (anowanzoonekwa munzvimbo dzinopisa)

Dzimwe nguva hapana zviratidzo.

Anopa hutano anoita bvunzo dzepanyama uye otarisa mukati memuromo wako. Izvi zvinogona kuburitsa pfumbu kune nhema nhema (pseudomembrane) muhuro, yakawedzera lymph gland, uye kuzvimba kwemutsipa kana mazwi ezwi.

Miedzo inoshandiswa inogona kusanganisira:

• Gram tsvina kana yehuro tsika kuti uone diphtheria bhakitiriya
• Toxin assay (kuona hupo hwehupfu hwakagadzirwa nehutachiona)
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Kana mupi achifunga kuti une diphtheria, kurapwa kunogona kutanga ipapo ipapo, kunyangwe mhinduro dzekuyedzwa dzisati dzadzoka.

Diphtheria antitoxin inopihwa sepfuti mumhasuru kana kuburikidza neIV (intravenous line). Hutachiona hunobva hwarapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, senge penicillin uye erythromycin.

Ungangoda kugara muchipatara uchitora antitoxin. Mimwe mishonga inogona kusanganisira:

• Mvura ne IV
• Okisijeni
• Zororo remubhedha
• Kuongorora kwemoyo
• Kuiswa kwepombi yekufema
• Kugadziriswa kwenzira dzekuvhara nzira

Vanhu vasina zviratidzo vanotakura diphtheria vanofanirwa kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Diphtheria inogona kunge iri nyoro kana yakaoma. Vamwe vanhu havana zviratidzo. Mune vamwe, chirwere ichi chinogona kuwedzera kuipa. Kupora kubva pakurwara kunononoka.

Vanhu vanogona kufa, kunyanya kana chirwere ichi chikabata moyo.

Dambudziko rakajairika kuputika kwemhasuru yemwoyo (myocarditis). Tsinga dzetsinga dzinowanzoitika uye dzichikanganiswa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuora mitezo kwenguva pfupi

Iyo diphtheria toxin inogona zvakare kukuvadza itsvo.

Panogona zvakare kuve neyakagwinya mhinduro kune antitoxin.

Bata mupi wako ipapo ipapo kana iwe wakasangana nemunhu ane diphtheria.

Diphtheria chirwere chisingawanzo. Ichowo chirwere chinoshumwa, uye chero zviitiko zvinowanzoziviswa mupepanhau kana paterevhizheni. Izvi zvinokubatsira iwe kuziva kana diphtheria iripo munharaunda yako.

Nguva dzose majekiseni ekudzivirira evana uye ekuwedzera evakuru anodzivirira chirwere

Chero ani zvake akasangana nemunhu ane hutachiona anofanirwa kubayiwa majekiseni ekudzivirira kana booster kupfura kurwisa diphtheria, kana vasati vagamuchira. Kudzivirirwa kubva kujekiseni kunotora chete makore gumi. Saka zvakakosha kuti vakuru vawane jekiseni rekusimudzira makore gumi nemana. Iyo booster inonzi tetanus-diphtheria (Td). (Pfuti zvakare ine mushonga wekudzivirira hutachiona hunodaidzwa kuti tetenasi.)

Kana iwe wanga uchinge uri padhuze nekubatana nemunhu ane diphtheria, taura nemupi wako ipapo ipapo. Bvunza kana iwe uchida maantibhakitiriya kudzivirira kuwana diphtheria.

Kuporesa diphtheria; Pharyngeal diphtheria; Diphtheric cardiomyopathy; Diphtheric polyneuropathy

• Antibodies

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Diphtheria. www.dc.gov/diphtheria. Yakagadziridzwa Zvita 17, 2018. Yakasvika December 30, 2019.

Saleeb PG. Corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria). Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 204.

Stechenberg BW. Diphtheria. Mune: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. Feigin naCherry's Bhuku reBhuku rePediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 90.