Mufambiro wevafambi wekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira

Unogona kugara uine hutano panguva yekufamba nekutora matanho akakodzera ekuzvidzivirira usati waenda. Iwe unogona zvakare kuita zvinhu zvekubatsira kudzivirira chirwere paunenge uchifamba. Zvirwere zvakawanda zvaunobata uchifamba zvidiki. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, zvakadaro, vanogona kuve vakaomarara, kana kutouraya.

Zvirwere zvinosiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana pasi. Iwe unozofanirwa kutora matanho akasiyana ekudzivirira, zvinoenderana nekwauri kuenda. Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa.

• Tupukanana netupukanana
• Mamiriro ekunze emunharaunda
• Utsanana

Iwo akanakisa masosi eruzhinji eruzivo rwekufamba-kusvika-padanho ndere:

• Nzvimbo dzeDzidziso Kudzora nekudzivirira (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/travel
• World Health Organisation (WHO) - www.who.int/ith/en

USATI WAFAMBA

Taura nemupi wako wezvehutano kana kushanyira kiriniki yekufamba 4 kusvika kumavhiki matanhatu usati waenda kurwendo rwako. Ungangoda majekiseni akawanda. Zvimwe zvacho zvinoda nguva yekushanda.

Iwe zvakare ungangoda kugadzirisa ako majekiseni. Semuenzaniso, ungangoda "booster" majekiseni e:

• Diphtheria, tetanus, uye pertussis (Tdap)
• Influenza (chirwere)
• Masturu - mamota - rubella (MMR)
• Poriyo

Iwe zvakare ungangoda majekiseni ezvirwere izvo zvisingawanzo kuwanikwa muNorth America. Mienzaniso yemajekiseni akakurudzirwa anosanganisira:

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Meningococcal
• Dutu

Dzimwe nyika dzakada majekiseni. Ungangoda humbowo hwekuti waive nemushonga uyu kuti upinde munyika.

• Jekiseni rekudzivirira hutachiona hunodiwa kuti upinde mune dzimwe nyika dzeSub-Saharan, Central Africa, neSouth America.
• Meningococcal vaccine inodiwa kuti upinde muSaudi Arabia kune iyo Hajj yekufambisa.
• Kuti uwane huwandu hwakazara hwezvinodiwa munyika, tarisa mawebhusaiti eCDC kana eWHO.

Vanhu vanogona kuve nemishonga yekudzivirira zvakasiyana vanosanganisira:

• Vana
• Vanhu vakuru
• Vanhu vane immune system isina kusimba kana HIV
• Vanhu vanotarisira kusangana nehumwe mhuka
• Vakadzi vane nhumbu kana kuyamwisa

Tarisa nemupi wako kana kiriniki yemunharaunda yekufamba.

KUDZIVIRIRA MALARIA

Malaria chirwere chakakomba chinopararira nekurumwa nehumwe humhutu, hunowanzo kuruma pakati pehusiku nemambakwedza. Inoitika kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Malaria inogona kukonzeresa kupisa kukuru, kuzunguzika kutonhora, zviratidzo zvakaita sefuru, uye kupererwa neropa. Kune mhando ina dzemarariya maparasita.

Kana uri kuenda kunzvimbo ine malaria yakajairika, ungangoda kutora mishonga inodzivirira chirwere ichi. Iyi mishonga inotorwa usati waenda, mukati mekufamba kwako, uye kwenguva pfupi mushure mekunge wadzoka. Mishonga inoshanda zvakadii zvakasiyana. Mamwe marariya emarariya haabatike nemimwe mishonga inodzivirira. Iwe unofanirwawo kutora matanho ekudzivirira kurumwa nezvipembenene.

ZIKA VIRUS

Zika hutachiona hunopfuudzwa kuvanhu nekurumwa nehumhutu hutachiona. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kupisa muviri, kurwadza kwemajoini, kuputika, uye maziso matsvuku (conjunctivitis). Umhutu hunoparadzira Zika ndiyo mhando imwechete inoparadzira dengue fever uye chikungunya virus. Umhutu uhu hunowanzodyisa masikati. Hapana mushonga unodzivirira Zika.

Iko kunofungidzirwa kuti kune hukama pakati paamai vane hutachiona hweZika uye vacheche vanozvarwa vaine microcephaly uye zvimwe hurema hwekuzvarwa. Zika inogona kutapukira kubva kuna amai ichienda kumwana wayo muchibereko (muchibereko) kana panguva yekuzvarwa. Murume ane Zika anogona kuparadzira chirwere kune avo vaanoshanda navo pabonde. Pakave nemishumo yeZika ichipararira kuburikidza neropa.

Asati a2015, hutachiona hwakawanikwa kunyanya muAfrica, Southeast Asia, uye Pacific Islands. Izvozvi zvapararira kumatunhu mazhinji uye nyika dzinosanganisira:

• Bhuraziri
• Zvitsuwa zveCaribbean
• Central America
• Mekisiko
• North America
• South America
• Pota Riko

Chirwere chakawanikwa mune mamwe matunhu eUnited States. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwepamusoro-soro, tapota shanyira webhusaiti yeCentre for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) - www.cdc.gov/zika.

Kuti udzivirire kuwana hutachiona hweZika, tora matanho ekudzivirira kurumwa neumhutu. Kutapurirana pabonde kwehutachiona kunogona kudzivirirwa nekushandisa makondomu kana kusaita zvepabonde nemunhu angangobatwa neutachiona.

KUDZIVIRIRA TUDUKUDZI TUDUKU

Kudzivirira kurumwa kubva kumhutu uye zvimwe zvipembenene:

• Pfeka mishonga inodzinga zvipembenene kana uri panze, asi ishandise zvakachengeteka.Zvakajairika kudzora zvinosanganisira DEET uye picaridin. Mimwe biopesticide inodzinga mafuta emoni eucalyptus (OLE), PMD, uye IR3535.
• Iwe unogona zvakare kuda kushandisa mubhedha mosquito net paunenge wakarara.
• Pfeka tirauzi uye mahembe ane maoko marefu, kunyanya panguva yorubvunzavaeni.
• Rara chete munzvimbo dzakaongororwa.
• Usapfeke zvinonhuwira.

CHOKUDYA NEKUCHENGETEKA KWEMVURA

Unogona kuwana mamwe marudzi ezvirwere nekudya kana kunwa chikafu kana mvura yakasviba. Pane njodzi huru yekutapukirwa kubva pakudya chikafu chisina kubikwa kana mbishi.

Gara kure nezvikafu zvinotevera:

• Chikafu chakabikwa chakabvumidzwa kutonhorera (senge kubva kune vanotengesa mumugwagwa)
• Chibereko chisina kugezwa nemvura yakachena ndokuzosvuurwa
• Miriwo mbishi
• Salads
• Zvokudya zvisina kuiswa mukaka, zvakaita semukaka kana chizi

Kunwa mvura isina kurapwa kana kusvibiswa kunogona kukonzera hutachiona. Ingonwa zvinwiwa zvinotevera:

• Zvinwiwa zvemumagaba kana zvisina kuvhurwa (mvura, muto, carbonated mineral mvura, zvinwiwa)
• Zvinwiwa zvinogadzirwa nemvura yakabikwa, senge tii nekofi

Usashandise chando muzvinwiwa zvako kunze kwekunge zvagadzirwa kubva pamvura yakanatswa. Iwe unogona kunatsa mvura nekuibika kana nekurapa nemamwe makemikari makitsi kana mafirita emvura.

DZIMWE MATANHO OKUDZIVIRIRA HOSHA DZISINA KUKOSHESA

Chenesa maoko ako kazhinji. Shandisa sipo nemvura kana chinosuka doro-based kubatsira kudzivirira hutachiona.

Usamira kana kushambira munzizi dzemvura nyowani, hova, kana nyanza dzine tsvina kana tsvina yemhuka mazviri. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kuhutachiona. Kushambira mumadziva ane klorini akachengeteka nguva zhinji.

PANENGE YOKUTAURA NEZVEDZIDZO NYANZVI

Manyoka dzimwe nguva anogona kurapwa nekuzorora uye nemvura. Anokupa anogona kukupa mushonga wekutora parwendo rwako kana uchinge warwara nemanyoka zvakanyanya uchifamba.

Tora kurapwa pakarepo kana:

• Manyoka haapere
• Unokura kupisa kwakanyanya kana kushaya mvura

Bata mupi wako kana iwe uchidzoka kumba kana iwe wanga uchirwara nefivha uchifamba.

Hutano hwevafambi; Zvirwere zvinotapukira uye vafambi

• Zvirwere zvinotapukira uye vafambi
• Marariya

Beran J, Goad J. Maitiro ekufamba majekiseni: hepatitis A uye B, typhoid. Mune: Keystone JS, Kozarsky PE, Connor BA, Nothdurft HD, Mendelson M, Leder, K, eds. Kufamba Mushonga. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chits. 11.

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Zika hutachiona. Kune vanopa hutano: kiriniki kuongorora uye chirwere. www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/preparing-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html. Yakagadziridzwa Ndira 28, 2019. Yakasvika munaNdira 3, 2020.

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Zika hutachiona: nzira dzekuparadzira. www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/transmission-methods.html. Yakagadziridzwa Chikunguru 24, 2019. Yakasvika munaNdira 3, 2020.

Christenson JC, John CC. Hutano mazano kune vana vanofamba kune dzimwe nyika. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsama 200.

Vakasununguka DO, Chen LH. Svika kune murwere usati wafamba uye mushure mekufamba. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 270.

World Health Organisation webhusaiti. Nyika rondedzero: yellow fever yekudzivirira inodiwa uye kurudziro; mamiriro emarariya; uye zvimwe zvekudzivirira. www.who.int/ith/ith_country_list.pdf. Yakasvika muna Ndira 3, 2020.