Ropa kuzora

Ropa smear kuongororwa kweropa kunopa ruzivo nezve huwandu uye chimiro chemasero eropa. Inowanzoitwa sechikamu kana pamwe pamwe yakazara neropa kuverenga (CBC).

Muenzaniso weropa unodiwa.

Muenzaniso weropa unoendeswa kubazi. Ikoko, wehunyanzvi webhu anozvitarisa pasi pe microscope. Kana, iro ropa rinogona kuongororwa nemuchina unozvishandisa.

Iyo smear inopa iyi ruzivo:

• Huwandu nemhando dzemasero machena eropa (kusiyanisa, kana muzana yemhando yega yega yesero)
• Huwandu nemhando dzerudzi rwemasero eropa zvisina kujairika
• Kufungidzira kwakashata kwemuchena weropa uye platelet kuverenga

Hapana gadziriro yakakosha inodikanwa.

Kana tsono ikaiswa kukweva ropa, vamwe vanhu vanonzwa kurwadziwa zvine mwero. Vamwe vanongonzwa kubaya kana kubaya. Mushure meizvozvo, panogona kuve nekurohwa kana kupwanya zvishoma. Izvi zvinokurumidza kuenda.

Bvunzo iyi inogona kuitwa sechikamu cheongororo yehutano yekubatsira kuona kuwanda kwezvirwere. Kana, wako mupi wezvehutano anogona kukurudzira iyi bvunzo kana iwe uine zviratidzo zve:

• Chero ipi inozivikanwa kana kufungidzirwa kusagadzikana kweropa
• Gomarara
• Leukemia

Ropa smear rinogona zvakare kuitwa kuti riongorore mhedzisiro yemakemikari ekurapa kana kubatsira kuongorora hutachiona, senge malaria.

Masero matsvuku eropa (RBCs) anowanzoenzana saizi uye ruvara uye iwo akareruka ruvara pakati. Iyo smear yeropa inoonekwa seyakajairika kana paine:

• Kuonekwa chaiko kwemasero
• Yakajairika chena yeropa masero kusiyanisa

Zvakajairika kukosha masenduru anogona kusiyana zvishoma pakati pemarabhoritari akasiyana. Mamwe marabhu anoshandisa zviyero zvakasiyana kana kuyedza akasiyana sampuli. Taura nemupi wako nezve zvinorehwa nemimwe miedzo yako.

Mhedzisiro isina kujairika inoreva saizi, chimiro, ruvara, kana kupfeka kweRBCs hazvina kujairika.

Zvimwe zvisizvo zvinogona kukwiridzwa pachiyero chechina-poindi:

• 1+ zvinoreva kuti kota yemasero inobatwa
• 2+ zvinoreva kuti hafu yemasero inobatwa
• 3+ zvinoreva kuti makota matatu emasero anokanganiswa
• 4+ zvinoreva kuti ese maseru akabatwa

Kuvapo kwemasero anonzi akanangwa maseru anogona kuve nekuda kwe:

• Kushomeka kweiyo enzyme inonzi lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase
• Asina kujairika hemoglobin, protein muRBCs inotakura oxygen (hemoglobinopathies)
• Kushomeka kwesimbi
• Chiropa chirwere
• Kubviswa kwepleen

Kuvapo kwemaseru akaumbwa-akaumbwa anogona kuve nekuda kwe:

• Yakaderera nhamba yeRBCs nekuda kwemuviri kuvaparadza (immune hemolytic anemia)
• Yakaderera nhamba yeRBCs nekuda kwemamwe maRBCs akaumbwa kunge ma sphere (nhaka nhaka spherocytosis)
• Kuwedzera kuputsika kweRBCs

Kuvapo kweRBCs ine oval chimiro kunogona kunge kuri chiratidzo chekugara nhaka elliptocytosis kana nhaka ye ovalocytosis. Aya mamiriro ezvinhu maRBCs akaumbwa zvisina kujairika.

Kuvapo kwemasero akapatsanurwa kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwe:

• Chakagadzirwa moyo vharuvhu
• Kuvhiringidzika umo mapuroteni anodzora kugwamba kweropa anova akanyanyisa kushanda (anoparadzirwa intravascular coagulation)
• Utachiona muhurongwa hwekugaya hunoburitsa zvinhu zvine chepfu zvinoparadza maRBC, zvichikonzera kukuvara kweitsvo (hemolytic uremic syndrome)
• Ropa kusagadzikana kunokonzera kuwumbana kweropa kuumbika mumidziyo midiki yeropa yakatenderedza muviri uye kunotungamira kune yakaderera platelet kuverenga (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)

Kuvapo kwerudzi rweakasviba maRBC anonzi normoblasts anogona kunge achikonzerwa ne:

• Kenza yakapararira kusvika mumwongo wemapfupa
• Ropa kusagadzikana kunodaidzwa kuti erythroblastosis fetalis inobata fetus kana mwana achangozvarwa
• Tuberculosis yakapararira kubva mumapapu kuenda kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri kuburikidza neropa (miliary tuberculosis)
• Kukanganisika kwemongo wemapfupa umo mwongo unotsiviwa ne fibrous scar tishu (myelofibrosis)
• Kubviswa kwepleen
• Kuparara kwakanyanya kweRBCs (hemolysis)
• Kukanganiswa uko kune kunyanyisa kuputsika kwehemoglobin (thalassemia)

Kuvapo kwemasero anonzi burr maseru kunogona kuratidza:

• Izvo zvisina kujairika mwero weiyo nitrogen marara zvigadzirwa muropa (uremia)

Kuvapo kwemasero anonzi spur maseru kunogona kuratidza:

• Kusakwanisa kutora zvakakwana mafuta ekudya kuburikidza nematumbu (abetalipoproteinemia)
• Chirwere chakakomba chechiropa

Kuvapo kwemasero akaumbwa musodzi kunogona kuratidza:

• Myelofibrosis
• Kushomeka kwakanyanya kwesimbi
• Thalassemia huru
• Kenza mumapfupa emapfupa
• Anemia inokonzerwa nemongo wemapfupa isingaburitse akajairwa masero eropa nekuda kwehupfu kana tumarara maseru (myelophthisic maitiro)

Kuvapo kwemitumbi yaHowell-Jolly (rudzi rwegranule) kunogona kuratidza:

• Bhonzo remapfupa haribudise masero eropa akakwana (myelodysplasia)
• Spleen yabviswa
• Sickle cell anemia

Kuvapo kwemitumbi yaHeinz (mabits eakachinja hemoglobin) kunogona kuratidza:

• Arufa thalassemia
• Kuberekwa hemolytic kupererwa neropa
• Kukanganisika uko maRBC anoputsika kana muviri wakaratidzirwa kune mimwe mishonga kana kushushikana nekuda kwehutachiona (kushomeka kweG6PD)
• Yakagadzikana fomu yehemoglobin

Kuvapo kweRBCs diki diki kunogona kuratidza:

• Anemia ine pfupa mwongo kupora
• Hemolytic kupererwa neropa
• Kubuda ropa

Kuvapo kwebasophilic stippling (kutaridzika kutaridzika) kunogona kuratidza:

• Kutungamira muchetura
• Kukanganisika kwemongo wemapfupa umo mongo unotsiviwa ne fibrous scar tishu (myelofibrosis)

Kuvapo kwemasero masero kunogona kuratidza sickle cell anemia.

Iko kune njodzi shoma inosanganisirwa nekutorwa kweropa rako. Tsinga uye tsinga zvinosiyana muhukuru kubva kune mumwe murwere kuenda kune mumwe uye kubva kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri kuenda kune rumwe. Kuwana muyero weropa kubva kune vamwe vanhu kunogona kunetsa kupfuura kune vamwe.

Dzimwe njodzi dzinosangana nekutorwa kweropa idiki, asi dzinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuwedzera kubuda ropa
• Kufenda kana kunzwa kushaya musoro
• Akawanda punctures ekutsvaga mutsinga
• Hematoma (kuwanda kweropa pasi peganda)
• Utachiona (hushoma njodzi chero nguva ganda parinovhunika)

Peripheral zodzera; Yakazara kuverenga kweropa - peripheral; CBC - peripheral

• Masero matsvuku eropa, jeko masero
• Masero matsvuku eropa, misodzi-inodonha chimiro
• Masero matsvuku eropa - akajairwa
• Masero matsvuku eropa - elliptocytosis
• Masero matsvuku eropa - spherocytosis
• Acute lymphocytic leukemia - photomicrograph
• Masero matsvuku eropa - akawanda masero masero
• Malaria, kutaridzika kwema microscope kwema cell parasites
• Malaria, photomicrograph yemaseru zvipukanana
• Masero matsvuku eropa - masero masero
• Masero matsvuku eropa - jeko uye Pappenheimer
• Masero matsvuku eropa
• Akaumba zvinhu zveropa

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Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Dambudziko reropa. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 124.

Merguerian MD, Gallagher PG. Hereditary elliptocytosis, nhaka nhaka pyropoikilocytosis, uye zvinetso zvakabatana. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsipa 486.

Natelson EA, Chughtai-Harvey I, Rabhi S. Hematology. Mune: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Chinyorwa cheMhuri Mishonga. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits. 39.

Warner EA, Herold AH. Kuturikira bvunzo dzemarabhoritari. Mune: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Chinyorwa cheMhuri Mishonga. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chitsiko 14.