Hapasisina pulmonary vharafu

Hapasi yemapurmoni vharuvhu isingawanzo kuremara umo vharuvhu remapapu rinenge risipo kana zvisina kuumbwa zvakanaka. Oxygen-isina ropa rinoyerera kuburikidza nevhavha iyi kubva pamoyo kuenda kumapapu, uko kwainotora oxygen nyowani. Aya mamiriro aripo pakuzvarwa (kuberekwa).

Valve yemapapu yemapapu inoitika kana vharuvhu yemapapu isingaumbike kana kukura zvakanaka mwana achiri mudumbu raamai. Kana zviripo, zvinowanzoitika sechikamu chemamiriro emoyo anonzi tetralogy yeFallot. Inowanikwa mu3% kusvika 6% yevanhu vane tetralogy yeFallot.

Kana iyo vharuvhu yemapapu isipo kana isingashande mushe, ropa harifambe zvakanaka kumapapu kuti riwane oxygen yakakwana.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, pane zvakare gomba pakati peboshwe uye kurudyi ventricles yemoyo (ventricular septal defect). Kuremara uku kunotungamira kune yakaderera-oxygen ropa kuputirwa kunze kumuviri.

Ganda rinozove nechitarisiko chebhuruu (cyanosis), nekuti ropa remuviri rine huwandu hwakaderera hweoksijeni.

Vasipo pulmonary vharafu zvakare inokonzeresa yakawedzera (yakawedzeredzwa) bazi pulmonary arteri (iwo arteri anotakura ropa kuenda kumapapu kunotora oxygen). Vanogona kuwedzererwa zvekuti vanotsimbirira pamachubhu anounza oxygen mumapapu (bronchi). Izvi zvinokonzera matambudziko ekufema.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa moyo zvinogona kuitika pamwe nekusavapo kwemapapu vharuvhu zvinosanganisira:

• Isina kujairika tricuspid vharafu
• Atrial septal kuremara
• Kaviri kuburitsa kurudyi ventricle
• Ductus arteriosis
• Endocardial pamutsago chakaremara
• Marfan chirwere
• Tricuspid atresia
• Asipo kuruboshwe pulmonary arteri

Zvinetso zvemwoyo zvinoitika nekusavapo kwemapapu vharuvhu zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekukanganisa mune mamwe majeni.

Zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehumwe hurema pane mwana, asi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuchena kwebhuruu kune iro ganda (cyanosis)
• Kukosora
• Kutadza kubudirira
• Chido chisina kunaka
• Kukurumidza kufema
• Kukundikana kwekufema
• Kushungurudza

Vasipo pulmona vharuvhu inogona kuongororwa mwana asati azvarwa aine bvunzo inoshandisa mafungu eruzha kugadzira mufananidzo wemoyo (echocardiogram).

Munguva yebvunzo, mupi wehutano anogona kunzwa kugunun'una mubhokisi remucheche.

Kuyedzwa kwekusavapo kwemapapuvhavhavhavha anosanganisira:

• Chiyero chekuyera chiitiko chemagetsi chemoyo (electrocardiogram)
• Mwoyo CT scan
• Chest x-ray
• Echocardiogram
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yemoyo

Vacheche vane zviratidzo zvekufema vanowanzoda kuvhiyiwa ipapo ipapo. Vacheche vasina zviratidzo zvakakomba kazhinji vanovhiyiwa mukati memwedzi mitatu kusvika kumitanhatu yekutanga yehupenyu.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwehumwe hurema hwemwana mucheche, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Kuvhara gomba pamadziro pakati peboshwe uye kurudyi ma ventricles emoyo (ventricular septal defect)
• Kuvhara ropa reropa rinobatanidza aorta kune pulmonary arteri (ductus arteriosis)
• Kuwedzera kuyerera kubva kurudyi ventricle kuenda kumapapu

Mhando dzekuvhiya kwekusavapo kwemapapu vharuvhu dzinosanganisira:

• Kufambisa pulmonary arteri kumberi kweaorta uye kure nemhepo
• Kuvakazve arteri rusvingo mumapapu kudzikisa kumanikidza pamhepo (pulmonary plication uye kudzikisira arterioplasty)
• Kuvakazve pepa remhepo uye kufema machubhu kumapapu
• Kutsiva isina kujairika pulmonary vharuvhu neimwe yakatorwa kubva kumunhu kana mhuka yemhuka

Vacheche vane zviratidzo zvekufema zvakanyanya vangangoda kuwana oxygen kana kuiswa pamushini wekufema (ventilator) usati uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Pasina kuvhiyiwa, vazhinji vacheche vane matambudziko akakomba emapapu vanofa.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kubata mamiriro uye kubvisa zviratidzo. Mhedzisiro inowanzo kuve yakanaka kwazvo.

Zvinetso zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Utachiona hwehuropi (abscess)
• Lung kudonha (atelectasis)
• Chirwere chemabayo
• Kurudyi-mativi emoyo kukundikana
• Kurohwa

Fonera waunopa kana kacheche ako kane zviratidzo zvekusavapo kwemapapu vharuvhu. Kana iwe uine nhoroondo yemhuri yehurema hwemwoyo, taura nemupi wako usati kana panguva yekuzvitakura.

Kunyangwe pasina nzira yekudzivirira iyi mamiriro, mhuri dzinogona kuongororwa kuti vaone njodzi yavo yekuberekwa nehurema.

Hapasisina pulmonary valve syndrome; Kuberekwa kusipo kwevhavha yemapapu; Pulmonary vharafu agenesis; Chirwere cheCyanotic chemwoyo - vharuvhu yemapapu; Kuberekwa chirwere chemwoyo - vharuvhu yemapapu; Chibereko chekuremara moyo - pulmonary vharafu

• Hapasisina pulmonary vharafu
• Cyanotic 'Tet spell'
• Tetralogy yekunyepedzera

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Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Cyanotic congenital moyo maronda: maronda ane hukama nekuderera kweropa remapapu kuyerera. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 457.

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