Zviratidzo zvegomarara redundira, zvikonzero zvikuru uye maitiro ekurapa

Zvemukati

• Zviratidzo zvegomarara redundira
• Zvinokonzera
• Maitiro ekuongororwa kunoitwa
• Kurapa sei
• 1. Kuvhiya
• 2. BCG immunotherapy
• 3. Radiotherapy
• 4. Chemotherapy

Gomarara redundiro rudzi rwebundu rinoonekwa nekukura kwemasero akaipa mumadziro edundira, izvo zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekusvuta kana kugara uchionekwa kumakemikari akadai sedhayi, mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kana arsenic, semuenzaniso, sezvo izvi zvinhu zvinobviswa kuburikidza neweti, iyo yakaiswa mudundira isati yabviswa, uye inogona kukonzera shanduko.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara redundira zviri kufambira mberi uye zvinogona kuvhiringidzwa nezvimwe zvirwere zvehurongwa, sekuwedzera kukurudzira kuita weti, kurwadziwa mudumbu rezasi, kuneta zvakanyanya uye kuonda pasina chikonzero chiri pachena. Izvo zvakakosha kuti kuongororwa kwacho kunoitwa nekukurumidza apo zviratidzo zvekutanga zvazivikanwa, nekuti nenzira iyoyo zvinokwanisika kutanga kurapwa kwakakodzera kwazvo, kudzivirira kunetseka uye kuwedzera mukana wekupora.

Zviratidzo zvegomarara redundira

Zviratidzo zvegomarara redundira zvinoonekwa semasero ane ngozi achiwedzera uye achikanganisa mashandiro enhengo iyi. Nekudaro, iyo mikuru zviratidzo nezviratidzo zveiyi mhando yekenza ndezvi:

• Ropa mumurini, iro rinowanzo kuzivikanwa panguva yekuongorora weti murabhoritari;
• Kurwadziwa kana kutsva kwekunzwa kana uchiita weti;
• Marwadzo mudumbu rezasi;
• Kuwedzera kwekuda kuita weti;
• Kamwe kamwe kukurudzira kuita weti;
• Urinary kusagadzikana;
• Kuneta;
• Kushaiwa kudya;
• Kurasikirwa kwekurema kwemaune.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvegomarara redundiro zvakajairika kune zvimwe zvirwere zveurinary turakiti, senge kenza yeprostate, hutachiona hwehutachiona, matombo eitsvo kana kusagadzikana kweweti, uye nekudaro hazvina kukosha kuti murapi wezvese kana urologist inokurudzira kuti kuongororwa kuitwe kuziva chinokonzera zviratidzo uye nokudaro kuratidza kurapwa kwakakodzera kwazvo.

Zvinokonzera

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvine chepfu zvinopfuura nepadundira zvinobviswa muropa kuburikidza neweti, izvo zvatinosangana nazvo zuva nezuva kuburikidza nekudyiwa kwechikafu, kufema uye kusangana kweganda.

Izvi zvinhu, zvirimo mumidzanga, mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, madhayi nemishonga, se cyclophosphamide uye arsenic, semuenzaniso, zvinosangana nemudundira wedundira, uye pakureba kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera kuumbwa kwemasero egomarara.

Maitiro ekuongororwa kunoitwa

Mukuvapo kwezviratidzo nezviratidzo zvinoratidza gomarara redundira, zvakakosha kuti chiremba wezvedundira abvunzwe, kuitira kuti kuongororwa kwekiriniki, kuongororwa kwemuviri uye kuongororwa kwerabhoritari kuitwe, kwakadai seurinalysis, urinary tract ultrasound, MRI kana CT scan, uye cystoscopy, iyo inosanganisira kuiswa kwechitete chubhu kuburikidza neiyo urethra yekucherechedza mukati mechidzitiro. Nzwisisa kuti cystoscopy inoitwa sei.

Mukuwedzera, kana kenza inofungidzirwa, chiremba anokurudzira kuita bhiopsy, umo sampuro diki inotorwa kubva munzvimbo yakachinjika yedundira kuti iongororwe microscopically kuitira kuti ione kana shanduko iyoyo iri yakaipa kana yakaipa.

Zvino, anotevera matanho ekutsanangura kuomarara uye kurapwa kwekenza yedundira kunoenderana padanho rekusimudzira kenza.

• Chikamu 0 - pasina humbowo hwebundu kana mamota anowanikwa chete mumucheka wedundira;
• Chikamu 1 - bundu rinopfuura nepakati pechigadziko chedundira, asi harisvike kune yakatetepa tsandanyama;
• Chikamu 2 - bundu rinokanganisa tsandanyama rukoko redundira;
• Chikamu 3 - bundu rinoenda kupfuura mhasuru yakatenderera yedundira inosvika kumatukisi akapoteredza;
• Chikamu 4 - bundu rinopararira kune ma lymph node uye nhengo dzakavakidzana, kana kunzvimbo dziri kure.

Chikamu icho kenza iri mukati chinoenderana nenguva iyo munhu wacho akaigadzira, nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti kuongororwa uye kutanga kwekurapa zviitwe nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona.

Kurapa sei

Kurapa kwegomarara redundira kunoenderana padanho uye chiyero chekubatanidzwa kwenhengo, uye zvinogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekuvhiya, chemotherapy, radiotherapy uye immunotherapy, sekuratidzwa nachiremba. Kana gomarara redundiro rikaonekwa mumatanho ekutanga, pane mukana mukuru wekurapa uye, nekudaro, kutanga kuongororwa kunokosha.

Nekudaro, zvinoenderana nedanho rechirwere, zviratidzo zvinounzwa nemunhu uye hutano huzhinji, sarudzo dzekurapa ndidzo:

1. Kuvhiya

Kuvhiya ndiko kurapwa kwakanyanya kushandiswa kurapa rudzi urwu rwegomarara, zvisinei, zvinongova nemhedzisiro yakanaka kana bundu riri mumatanho ekutanga uye riripo. Dzimwe nzira dzekuvhiya dzinogona kushandiswa ndeidzi:

• Transurethral resection: inosanganisira kukorobha, kubvisa kana kupisa bundu kana riri diki muhukuru uye riri pamusoro pechidzitiro;
• Chikamu checystectomy: inosanganisira kubviswa kwechikamu chedundira chakakanganiswa nebundu;
• Radical cystectomy: inoitwa muzvikamu zvepamusoro zvechirwere uye inosanganisira kubviswa kwese kwedundira.

Mukubviswa kwese kwedundira, lymph node kana dzimwe nhengo dziri padhuze nechidundira dzinogona kunge dziine maseru ekenza dzinogona kubviswa. Panyaya yevanhurume, nhengo dzinobviswa ipurostate, iyo seminal vesicle uye chikamu chevas deferens. Mune vakadzi, chibereko, mazai, fallopian machubhu uye chikamu chemukadzi zvinobviswa.

2. BCG immunotherapy

Immunotherapy inoshandisa mishonga inokurudzira immune system kurwisa gomarara maseru uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzviitiko zvegomarara repamusoro redundira kana kudzivirira gomarara nyowani, mushure mekuvhiyiwa, semuenzaniso.

Mushonga unoshandiswa mune immunotherapy ndeye BCG, mhinduro ine bhakitiriya mhenyu uye isina kusimba, ayo anounzwa mudundira kuburikidza necatheter, inozopa immune system kuuraya cancer maseru. Murwere anofanirwa kuchengeta mhinduro yeBCG mudundira kwemaawa anenge maviri uye kurapwa kunoitwa kamwe chete pasvondo, kwemavhiki matanhatu.

3. Radiotherapy

Rudzi urwu rwekurapa runoshandisa mwaranzi kubvisa cancer maseru uye inogona kuitwa pamberi pekuvhiyiwa, kudzikisa saizi yethumba, kana mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kubvisa cancer maseru ayo anogona kunge achiripo.

Radiotherapy inogona kuitwa nekunze, uchishandisa chishandiso chinotarisa mwaranzi padunhu redundira, kana nemwaranzi yemukati, umo mudziyo unoiswa mudundira iro rinoburitsa chinhu chine radioactive. Kurapa kunoitwa kashoma pavhiki, kwemavhiki akati wandei, zvichienderana nedanho rebundu.

4. Chemotherapy

Gomarara redundira chemotherapy inoshandisa mishonga kubvisa maseru egomarara, uye mushonga mumwe chete kana mubatanidzwa wemaviri unogona kushandiswa.

Mune varwere vane gomarara repamusoro redundira, chiremba anogona kushandisa intravesical chemotherapy, umo mushonga unounzwa wakananga mudundira kuburikidza necatheter, uye unoramba uripo kwemaawa akati wandei. Uku kurapwa kunoitwa kamwe chete pasvondo, kwemavhiki akati wandei.