Chii chinonzi makabhohaidhiretsi, mhando huru uye zvaari

Zvemukati

• Ndezvipi zvakakosha
• Kune here imwe sosi yesimba kunze kweglucose?
• Mhando dzekabohydrate
• 1. Zviri nyore
• 2. Zvivakwa
• Ndezvipi zvekudya zvehydrohydrate
• Sei macarhydrate metabolism inoitika

Carbohydrate, inozivikanwawo semacarhydrate kana saccharides, mamorekuru ane chimiro chakaumbwa nekabhoni, okisijeni uye hydrogen, iro rine basa guru rekupa simba kumuviri, sezvo 1 gramu yehydrohydrate inoenderana ne4 Kcal, inoita anenge 50 kusvika 60% ye kudya kwacho.

Mimwe mienzaniso yezvikafu zvine makabhohaidhiretsi mupunga, oats, huchi, shuga, mbatatisi, pakati pevamwe, izvo zvinogona kuverengerwa mune akareruka uye akaomarara makabhohaidhiretsi, maererano nehurongwa hwavo hwemamorekuru.

Ndezvipi zvakakosha

Carbohydrate ndiyo sosi huru yesimba remuviri nekuti, panguva yekugaya, glucose inogadzirwa, inova maseru akasarudzika ekugadzira simba, ayo anodonhedza mamorekuru aya kuita ATP, anoshandiswa munzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemagetsi, kuitira kushanda kwakakodzera muviri. Glucose inonyanya kushandiswa nehuropi, iyo inoshandisa ingangoita 120 g, kubva pane ese 160 g anoshandiswa zuva nezuva.

Uye zvakare, chikamu cheshuga inogadzirwa inochengetwa nenzira yeglycogen muchiropa, uye chikamu chidiki chinochengetwa mumhasuru, kune mamiriro ezvinhu ayo muviri unoda kuchengetwa, senge mumamiriro ekutsanya kwenguva refu, kusvinura kana metabolic. kushushikana, semuenzaniso.

Iko kushandiswa kwemakabohydrate kwakakoshawo mukuchengetedza mhasuru, nekuti kushayikwa kweshuga kunofarira kurasikirwa kwemhasuru. Fibre zvakare rudzi rwehydrohydrate, iyo, kunyangwe isina kugayikwa muglucose, yakakosha pakuita dhayeti, nekuti inoderedza kunwiswa kwecholesterol, inobatsira kuchengetedza shuga yeropa, inowedzera ura uye inofarira kuwedzera huwandu hwechituru, kudzivirira kuvimbiswa.

Kune here imwe sosi yesimba kunze kweglucose?

Hongu. Kana muviri ukashandisa matura eglucose uye pasina macarbohydrate inodyiwa kana iyo yekudya isina kukwana, muviri unotanga kushandisa mafuta emuviri ekuchengetera simba (ATP), kutsiva glucose nemitumbi yeketone.

Mhando dzekabohydrate

Carbohydrate inogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nekuoma kwavo, kuita:

1. Zviri nyore

Nyore makabhohaidhiretsi zviyero izvo, kana zvabatanidzwa pamwechete, zvinoumba zvakawandisa macarhydrate. Mienzaniso yemahydrohydrate ari glucose, ribose, xylose, galactose uye fructose. Kana uchidya chikamu chehydrohydrate, iyi mamorekuru akaomarara anoora padanho remudumbu, kusvika yasvika ura muchimiro che monosaccharides, kuti inyurwe gare gare.

Kubatana kwezvikamu zviviri zve monosaccharides zvinoumba disaccharides, senge sucrose (glucose + fructose), inova shuga yematafura, lactose (glucose + galactose) uye maltose (glucose + glucose), semuenzaniso. Uye zvakare, kubatana kwe 3 kusvika ku10 zvikamu zve monosaccharides zvinopa oligosaccharides.

2. Zvivakwa

Makompidhihydrate akaomeswa kana polysaccharides, ndeaaya ane zvinopfuura zvikamu gumi zve monosaccharides, achiumba akaomesesa mamorekuru zvimiro, izvo zvinogona kuve zvine mutsetse kana matavi. Mimwe mienzaniso starch kana glycogen.

Ndezvipi zvekudya zvehydrohydrate

Zvimwe zvekudya zvine makabohydrate chingwa, hupfu hwegorosi, toast yeFrance, bhinzi, nyemba, nhokwe, bhari, oats, chibage, mbatatisi uye mbatatisi, semuenzaniso.

Kuwanda kwemakabohydrate kunoiswa mumuviri muchimiro chemafuta, saka, kunyangwe iwo akakosha kwazvo, munhu anofanirwa kudzivirira kumedza kuwanda, achikurudzirwa kunwa magiramu anenge mazana maviri kusvika mazana matatu pazuva, inova mari inosiyana zvichienderana kurema, zera, bonde uye kurovedza muviri.

Ona zvimwe zvekudya zvine makabhohaidhireti.

Sei macarhydrate metabolism inoitika

Carbohydrate inopindira munzira dzinoverengeka dzemagetsi, dzakadai se:

• Glycolysis: ndiyo metabolic nzira iyo glucose inosanganiswa kuti iwane simba remasero emuviri. Munguva yekuita uku, ATP uye 2 pyruvate mamorekuru anoumbwa, ayo anoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzira dzemagetsi, kuwana simba rakawanda;
• Gluconeogenesis: kuburikidza neiyi metabolic nzira, glucose inogona kugadzirwa kubva kunowanikwa kunze kwemakabohydrate. Iyi nzira inoitwa kana muviri ukafamba nenguva yekutsanya kwenguva refu, umo glucose inogona kugadzirwa kuburikidza neglycerol, kubva kumafuta acids, amino acids kana lactate;
• Glycogenolysis: chiitiko chinokatyamadza, umo glycogen iyo inochengetwa muchiropa uye / kana mhasuru inoputsika kuita glucose. Iyi nzira inoitwa kana muviri uchida kuwedzerwa ropa muropa;
• Glucogenesis: inzira yemagetsi inogadzirwa iyo glycogen, iyo inoumbwa nemamolekoro eglucose, ayo anochengetwa muchiropa uye, padiki padiki, mumhasuru. Izvi zvinoitika mushure mekudya chikafu chine makabhohaidhiretsi.

Idzi nzira dzemagetsi dzinoitwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemuviri uye nemamiriro azvinowanikwa.