Huchi Hunoenda Hwakaipa Here? Zvaunofanira Kuziva

Zvemukati

• Chii Chinonzi Uchi?
• Nei Uchi Huchigona Kugara Kwakareba Nguva
• Iyo Yakanyanya Zvakanyanya muShuga uye Yakadzika MuMunyoro
• Zviri Acidic
• Nyuchi Dzine Enzymes Dzinodzvinyirira Bhakitiriya Kukura
• Huchi Hunogona Kuipa Rini?
• Inogona Kuva Yakasvibiswa
• Inogona Kuva Nemishonga Inotyisa
• Iyo Inogona Kuve Yakashatiswa
• Inogona Kuchengetwa Zvisizvo
• Iyo Inogona Kuchemera uye Kukanganisa Kupfuura Nguva
• Nzira Yokuchengeta Nokubata Uchi Zvakarurama
• Icho Chinokosha

Uchi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinotapira zvekare zvinodyiwa nevanhu, zvine zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa kure kusvika 5 500 BC. Kunewo runyerekupe rwekuti ive nezvinhu zvakakosha, zvinogara kwenguva refu.

Vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa nezve zvirongo zvehuchi zvakafukunurwa mumakuva ekare eEjipitori, zvichakanaka kudya sezuva ravakavharwa.

Idzi nyaya dzakatungamira vanhu vazhinji kuti vatende kuti huchi hahuendi zvakaipa, zvachose.

Asi ichokwadi here ichocho?

Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora nei uchi uchigona kugara kwenguva yakareba kudaro, uye chii chingaitise kuti uende zvakaipa.

Chii Chinonzi Uchi?

Uchi chinhu chinotapira, chisikwa chinogadzirwa nenyuchi dzinobva mukitchen kana muchivande chemiti (1,).

Nyuchi dzinosveta maruva nectar, ndokusanganisa nemate uye maenzayimu nekuzvichengeta musaga reuchi. Vanobva vaisiya mumukoko kuti ibve uye ishandiswe sechikafu ().

Nekuti kuumbwa kweuchi kunoenderana nemhando yenyuchi pamwe nezvinomera nemaruva zvavanoshandisa, zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya mukuravira uye neruvara, kubva pane yakajeka uye isina ruvara kusvika kune yerima amber (1).

Uchi hwakagadzirwa neinosvika makumi masere muzana shuga uye isingapfuure ne18% mvura. Huwandu chaihwo hunotsanangurwa nemhando yenyuchi, zvirimwa, mamiriro ekunze uye hunyoro pamwe nekugadzirisa (1).

Iinewo organic acids yakadai segluconic acid, inova inoitisa hunhu hwayo hweacidiki. Pamusoro pezvo, mukume unowanikwa muuchi husina kusefa une zvishoma zvishoma zveprotein, enzyme, amino acids uye mavitamini (1).

Noutano, iyo chete yakakosha zvinovaka muviri muhuchi ishuga, iine 17.2 gramu uye makumi matanhatu neshanu macalorie pasipuni (21 gramu) (3).

Kune zvakare zvisaririra zvemaminerari, senge potasium, kunyanya mumhando dzakasviba, asi huwandu hwacho hudiki kwazvo kuti huve zvine hutano zvinoenderana (1).

Uchi chikafu chinoburitswa nenyuchi kubva mukita yezvirimwa. Iyo yakakwira mushuga uye iine huwandu hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita se organic acids, potasium, mapuroteni, enzymes uye mavitamini.

Nei Uchi Huchigona Kugara Kwakareba Nguva

Uchi hune hunhu hushoma hunotibatsira kuhuita kwenguva yakareba, kusanganisira shuga yakawanda uye mwando wakaderera, hunhu hune acidic nemaantimicrobial enzymes anogadzirwa nenyuchi.

Iyo Yakanyanya Zvakanyanya muShuga uye Yakadzika MuMunyoro

Uchi hunoumbwa neshuga inosvika makumi masere kubva muzana, iyo inogona kutadzisa kukura kwemhando dzakawanda dzehutachiona senge mabhakitiriya nefungi ().

A shuga yakawanda zvinoreva kuti osmotic kumanikidza muuchi kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinokonzera mvura kuyerera ichibva mumasero ehutachiona, ichimisa kukura kwavo uye kubereka (, 5).

Uye zvakare, kunyangwe iine yakapoterera 17-18% yemvura, chiitiko chemvura muuchi chakadzika kwazvo ().

Izvi zvinoreva kuti shuga inobatana nemamorekuru emvura saka haigone kushandiswa nema microorganisms uye hapana kuvirisa kana kuparara kweuchi kunogona kuitika (, 5).

Pamusoro pezvo, sezvo huchi hwanyanya kuomarara, oxygen haigoni kunyungudika mukati mayo. Izvi, zvakare, zvinodzivirira mhando zhinji dzehutachiona kubva mukukura kana kubereka ().

Zviri Acidic

Iyo pH yeuchi inotangira kubva pa3.4 kusvika pa6.1, iine pavhareji pH ye3.9, iri acidic chaizvo. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi kuvepo kwegluconic acid, iyo inogadzirwa panguva yekukora nekita (, 5).

Pakutanga, zvaifungidzirwa kuti nzvimbo ine acidic yeuchi yaive nebasa rekudzivirira hutachiona kukura. Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvekufananidza mhando neepasi uye yepamusoro pH kukosha hazvina kuwana musiyano wakakura muantimicrobial chiitiko (5).

Kunyange zvakadaro, kune mamwe mabhakitiriya akadai C. diphtheriae, E. coli, Streptococcus uye Salmonella, acidic nharaunda ine hushamwari uye inotadzisa kukura kwavo (5).

Muchokwadi, huchi hunoshanda zvakanyanya mukuuraya mamwe marudzi ebacteria zvekuti anotoshandiswa pamaronda ekutsva uye maronda ekudzivirira nekurapa hutachiona (,).

Nyuchi Dzine Enzymes Dzinodzvinyirira Bhakitiriya Kukura

Munguva yekugadzira uchi, nyuchi dzinoburitsa enzyme inonzi glucose oxidase mumukaka kubatsira kuchengetedza huchi (1, 5).

Sezvo huchi hunobukira, glucose oxidase inoshandura shuga ikaita gluconic acid uyezve inogadzira chigadzirwa chinodaidzwa kuti hydrogen peroxide (5).

Iyi hydrogen peroxide inofungidzirwa kuti inobatsira kune inorwisa mabhakitiriya ehuchi uye kubatsira kudzivirira kukura kwehutachiona (1, 5).

Pamusoro pezvo, huchi hwakawanikwa hune mamwe macomputer akadai se polyphenols, flavonoids, methylglyoxal, peptides enyuchi uye mamwe maantibhakitiriya, ayo anogona zvakare kuwedzera kune ayo antimicrobial hunhu ().

Uchi hune shuga yakawanda uye hunyoro hushoma. Iyo acidic uye ine antibacterial chinhu hydrogen peroxide. Zvinhu zvitatu izvi ndizvo zvinobvumidza huchi hwakachengetedzwa kuti huchengetwe kwenguva yakareba.

Huchi Hunogona Kuipa Rini?

Kunyangwe huchi hutachiona hutachiona, hunogona kuenda kana kukonzera kurwara pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusvibiswa, hupombwe, kuchengetedzwa zvisiri izvo uye kudzikisira nekufamba kwenguva.

Inogona Kuva Yakasvibiswa

Utachiona hutachiona hunowanikwa muuchi hunosanganisira mabhakitiriya, mbiriso uye kuumbwa. Izvi zvinogona kubva mukume, nzira yekugaya nyuchi, guruva, mweya, tsvina nemaruva ().

Nekuda kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, izvi zvipenyu zvinowanzo kuwanikwa muhuwandu hushoma uye hazvikwanisi kuwanda, zvinoreva kuti havafanirwe kuve hanya nezvehutano ().

Nekudaro, spores yeiyo neurotoxin C. botulinum inowanikwa mu5-15% yemasampuli euchi mune zvishoma zvishoma ().

Izvi hazviwanzo kukuvadza kune vanhu vakuru, asi vacheche vari pasi pezera regore vanogona, mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko, kukudziridza botulism yemucheche iyo inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwehurongwa hwemitsipa, kuoma mitezo uye kutadza kufema Naizvozvo, huchi hauna kukodzera kune iri zera reboka (,, 9).

Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwakawanda hwehutachiona muhuchi hunogona kuratidza kusvibiswa kwechipiri panguva yekugadzirisa kubva kuvanhu, zvishandiso, midziyo, mhepo, guruva, zvipembenene, mhuka nemvura ().

Inogona Kuva Nemishonga Inotyisa

Nyuchi padzinotora nekita kubva kune mamwe maruva, muchetura wemiti unogona kuendeswa muuchi ().

Muenzaniso unozivikanwa weizvi "hupengo huchi," hunokonzerwa ne greyanotoxins iri mukita kubva Rhododendron ponticum uye Azalea pontica. Uchi hunogadzirwa kubva mumiti iyi hunogona kukonzera dzungu, kuda kusvotwa uye matambudziko nemwoyo mutinhimira kana kuwedzerwa kweropa (,,).

Pamusoro pezvo, chinhu chinozivikanwa sehydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) inogadzirwa panguva yekugadziriswa uye kuchembera kweuchi ().

Nepo kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakawana zvakashata zveHMF pahutano sekukuvara kwemasero neDNA, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakare zvinoratidzira zvimwe zvakanaka zvakaita se antioxidative, anti-allergies uye anti-inflammatory properties ().

Zvakangodaro, zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvine zvisingapfuure makumi mana mg yeHMF pakirogiramu yeuchi (,).

Iyo Inogona Kuve Yakashatiswa

Uchi chikafu chinodhura, chinodya nguva kugadzira.

Nekudaro, chave chiri chinangwa chehupombwe kwemakore mazhinji. Upombwe hunoreva kuwedzera zvinotapira zvakachipa kuwedzera vhoriyamu uye kudzikisa mutengo.

Kuti mutengo uderere, nyuchi dzinogona kudyiswa neshuga manyuchi kubva muchibage, nzimbe uye beet shuga kana manyuchi eshuga anogona kuwedzerwa zvakananga kuchigadzirwa chapera (14, 15).

Pamusoro pezvo, kuti ikurumidze kugadzirisa, huchi hunogona kukohwewa husati hwaibva, zvichikonzera mvura yepamusoro uye isina kuchengetedzeka (15).

Kazhinji, nyuchi dzinochengeta uchi mumukoko uye kuhuisa mvura mumuviri kuitira kuti dzive nemvura isingasvike 18%. Kana huchi hukohwewa nekukasika mvura inokwanisa kudarika 25%. Izvi zvinoguma nenjodzi yakakwira kwazvo yekuvira uye kuravira kwakashata (15).

Inogona Kuchengetwa Zvisizvo

Kana huchi hukachengetwa zvisirizvo hunogona kurasikirwa nemimwe mishonga yemaantimicrobial, hunotapukira kana kutanga kudzikisira.

Kana ikasiiwa yakavhurika kana kuvharwa zvisina kukodzera, zvirimo zvemvura zvinogona kutanga kukwira pamusoro pechikamu chakachengeteka che18%, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekuvira.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvirongo zvakavhurika kana makontena anogona kubvumira huchi kusvibiswa nehutachiona hunobva munharaunda yakatenderedza. Izvi zvinogona kukura kana zvirimo zvemvura zvikave zvakanyanyisa.

Kuchenesa huchi patembiricha dzakakwirira kunogona zvakare kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa nekumhanyisa kudzikisira kwemavara nekuravira pamwe nekuwedzera iyo HMF zvemukati (16).

Iyo Inogona Kuchemera uye Kukanganisa Kupfuura Nguva

Kunyangwe kana zvachengetwa nemazvo, zvakajairika kuti huchi hukwinye.

Imhaka yekuti ine shuga yakawanda kupfuura inogona kunyungudika. Hazvireve kuti zvaenda zvisirizvo asi maitiro acho anokonzeresa shanduko (1).

Huchi hwakaomeswa hunoita chena uye hwakareruka. Iyo zvakare inova yakawedzera kupenya pane kujeka, uye inogona kuoneka yakajeka (1).

Kwakachengeteka kudya. Nekudaro, mvura inosunungurwa panguva yekristallisation maitiro, izvo zvinowedzera mukana wekuvira (1, 17).

Pamusoro pezvo, huchi hunochengetwa kwenguva yakareba hunogona kusviba uye hunotanga kurasikirwa nekunhuwirira uye kunhuwirira. Kunyangwe iyi isiri njodzi pahutano, inogona kunge isingave inonaka kana inokwezva.

Uchi hunogona kukanganisika kana hwasvibiswa, kana nyuchi dzikatora nekita kubva mune zvimwe zvinomera zvine muchetura uye kana dzakasanganiswa kana kuchengetwa zvisizvo. Crystallization chiitiko chinowanzoitika uye kazhinji hazvireve kuti huchi hwako hwaenda zvakashata.

Nzira Yokuchengeta Nokubata Uchi Zvakarurama

Kuti uite zvakanyanya kubva kune huchi hwako hunogara kwenguva refu, zvakakosha kuti urichengetedze nemazvo.

Chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza kudzora mwando. Kana mvura yakawandisa ikapinda muuchi hwako, njodzi yekuvirisa inowedzera uye inogona kuenda yakaipa.

Heano mamwe matipi ezve akanakisa ekuchengetedza maitiro (18):

• Chengetedza mumudziyo usina kudzivirira. Zvitoro kana mabhodhoro ezvitoro, mabhodhoro egirazi uye midziyo yesimbi isina tsvina ine zvivharo zvisina mweya.
• Ramba uri munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma. Uchi hunofanirwa kuchengetedzwa pazasi pe50 ° F (10 ° C). Nekudaro, kuichengeta patembiricha yemukamuri inotonhorera pakati pe50-70 ° F (10-20 ° C) kazhinji zvakanaka.
• Refrigeration: Uchi hunogona kuchengetwa mufiriji kana uchida asi hunogona kuomesa nekukurumidza uye hunyoro.
• Kudziya kana kukwenenzverwa: Kana huchi hukakwenenzverwa, unogona kuidzosera kune fomu remvura nekunyoroisa nekudziya. Nekudaro, usapise zvakanyanya kana kuibikira nekuti izvo zvinodzikisira ruvara rwayo nekuravira.
• Dzivisa kusvibiswa: Dzivisa kusvibisa huchi nemidziyo yakasviba yakadai semapanga kana zvipunu, izvo zvinogona kutendera hutachiona, mbiriso uye kuumbwa kukura.
• Kana usina chokwadi, chirase kunze: Kana huchi hwako huchivira, huine furo kana iwe ukaona yakawanda yemahara yemvura, zvingave zvakanaka kuirasa kunze.

Rangarira kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzeuchi dzinogona kutaridzika uye kuravira zvakasiyana. Kune chaiwo mirayiridzo yekuchengetedza, tarisa kune idzo dzakadhindwa pane zvakanyorwa zvechigadzirwa chako.

Uchi hunofanirwa kuchengetwa mumudziyo unodzivirira mhepo munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma. Izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya kudzikamisa huwandu hwehunyoro hunogona kupinda mumudziyo sezvo huwandu hwemvura hunowedzera mukana wekuvira.

Icho Chinokosha

Uchi chikafu chinonaka, chinotapira chinouya nemavara akasiyana siyana uye nemavara zvichienderana nekuti chakagadzirwa kupi.

Nekuda kweshuga yayo yakakwira uye nemvura yakadzika, pamwe nekukosha kwayo pH kukosha uye mishonga inorwisa utachiona, huchi hunogona kugara hutsva kwemakore, makumi emakore kana kutopfuura.

Nekudaro, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinogona kuenda zvakashata kana kurasikirwa nekukwezva.

Uchi hunogona kusvibiswa nemabhakitiriya, yeast, fungi kana kuumbwa, kunyange zvisingawanzo kubereka kune akakosha manhamba. Inogona zvakare kunge iine makemikari ane chepfu kubva kune zvimwe zvirimwa kana inogona kushatiswa neasina kunaka-zvinotapira kana kugadzirwa.

Pamusoro pezvo, uchi hunochengetwa zvisirizvo haugare kwenguva yakareba. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti urambe wakavharirwa mumudziyo unodzivirira mweya munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma.

Nekutenga huchi kubva kune vane mukurumbira vatengesi uye nekuichengeta nenzira kwayo, inogona kunakirwa zvakachengeteka kwemakore mazhinji kumagumo.