Pharmacokinetics uye Pharmacodynamics: chii icho uye ndeapi mutsauko

Zvemukati

• Pharmacokinetics
• 1. Kubvisa
• 2. Kugovera
• 3. Metabolism
• 4. Kubvisa
• Pharmacodynamics
• 1. Nzvimbo yekuitira
• 2. Maitiro ekuita
• 3. Mhedzisiro yekurapa

Pharmacokinetics uye pharmacodynamics ipfungwa dzakasiyana, dzinoenderana nekuita kwemishonga pane muviri uye zvinopesana.

Pharmacokinetics ndiko kudzidza kwenzira iyo mushonga unotora mumuviri sezvo uchinge wamedzwa kusvika waburitswa, nepo pharmacodynamics ine kudzidza kwekufambidzana kwechirwere ichi nenzvimbo inosunga, inozoitika panguva ino nzira.

Pharmacokinetics

Iyo pharmacokinetics inosanganisira yekudzidza nzira iyo mushonga unotora kubva panguva yaino kupihwa kudzamara wabviswa, uchipfuura mukumwa, kugoverwa, metabolism uye kubuda kwemaitiro. Nenzira iyi, mushonga unowana saiti yekubatanidza.

1. Kubvisa

Kubvisa kunosanganisira kupfuudza kwemushonga kubva panzvimbo yaunotumirwa, kusvika pakutenderera kweropa. Zvekutungamira zvinogona kuitwa mukati, izvo zvinoreva kuti mushonga unonwa kuburikidza nemuromo, zvinyorwa zvidiki kana rectally, kana parenterally, zvinoreva kuti mushonga unopihwa mukati mehutachiona, pasi pechipfuva, mukati kana mukati meshungu.

2. Kugovera

Kugovaniswa kwacho kune iyo nzira inotorwa nemushonga mushure mekuyambuka chipingamupinyi chemudumbu epithelium murukova reropa, iyo inogona kunge iri yemahara fomu, kana yakabatana nemapuroteni eplasma, uye inogona kusvika kunzvimbo dzinoverengeka

• Nzvimbo yekurapa chiito, uko kwainenge kuchizadzisa chakatarwa;
• Tisue matura, uko ichaunganidzwa pasina kushandisa kwekurapa maitiro;
• Nzvimbo isingatarisirwi yechiito, kwaunozoita chiitiko chisingadiwe, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro.
• Isa kwavanogadzirwa, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera zvavanoita kana kusagadziriswa;
• Nzvimbo dzavanoburitswa.

Kana mushonga ukasunga mapuroteni eplasma, haugone kuyambuka chipingaidzo kuti usvike munyama uye nekurapa chiito, saka mushonga une hukama hwakanyanya hweaya mapuroteni unenge uine mashoma kugovera uye metabolism. Nekudaro, iyo nguva inoshandiswa mumuviri ichave yakareba, nekuti chinhu chinoshanda chinotora nguva yakareba kusvika panzvimbo yekuita uye kubviswa.

3. Metabolism

Metabolism inoitika zvakanyanya muchiropa, uye zvinotevera zvinogona kuitika:

• Inactivate chinhu, chinova chakajairika;
• Tungamira kuburitsa, kuumba yakawanda polar uye yakawanda-inosungunuka mvura metabolites kuitira kuti ibviswe zviri nyore;
• Shandisa mavhoriyamu ekutanga asingashande, achichinja yavo pharmacokinetic profile uye nekugadzira inoshanda metabolites.

Zvinodhaka metabolism inogona zvakare kuitika zvishoma kazhinji mumapapu, itsvo uye adrenal gland.

4. Kubvisa

Kufuratira kunosanganisira kubviswa kwekomboni kuburikidza nezvimiro zvakasiyana, kunyanya muitsvo, umo kubviswa kunoitwa kuburikidza neweti. Uye zvakare, metabolites inogona zvakare kubviswa kuburikidza nezvimwe zvivakwa senge ura, kuburikidza nendove, mapapu kana asina kugadzikana, uye ganda kuburikidza nedikita, mukaka wemuzamu kana misodzi.

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinokanganisa pharmacokinetics senge zera, bonde, uremu hwemuviri, zvirwere uye kusagadzikana kweimwe nhengo kana tsika dzakadai sekusvuta uye kunwa doro, semuenzaniso.

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics inosanganisira kudzidza kudyidzana kwemishonga neyakagamuchirwa, mavanoshandisa maitiro avo ekuita, vachigadzira marapirwo.

1. Nzvimbo yekuitira

Nzvimbo dzekuitira idzi inzvimbo dzinogarwa nezvinhu, zvinova zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nehupenyu, kana hunhu, inova nyaya yemishonga, inopindirana kugadzira mhinduro yemishonga. Izvo zvinangwa zvikuru zvechiito chezvinhu zvinoshingaira ndezvokugamuchira uko kune tsika kusunga zvinhu zvisingagumi, nzira dzeion, vatakuri, ma enzyme uye mapuroteni echimiro.

2. Maitiro ekuita

Iyo michina yekuita iko kusangana kwemakemikari iyo yakapihwa chinhu chinoshanda chine iyo neanogamuchira, ichigadzira mhinduro yekurapa.

3. Mhedzisiro yekurapa

Iyo yekurapa mhedzisiro ndiyo inobatsira uye inodikanwa mhedzisiro iyo mushonga unayo pane muviri kana uchipiwa.