Fluoride: Yakanaka kana yakaipa?

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi Fluoride?
• Zvitubu zveFluoride
• Fluoride Inobatsira Kudzivirira Mazino Makomba
• Kunyanyisa Kuwedzera Kunogona Kukonzera Fluorosis
• Mazino Fluorosis
• Skeletal Fluorosis
• Fluoride Ine Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvinokuvadza Here?
• Kutsemuka Kwemapfupa
• Kanzera Njodzi
• Kukanganiswa Brain Kubudirira
• Mvura Fluoridation Inoita Nharo
• Tora Meseji Yekumba

Fluoride kemikari inowanzo kuwedzerwa mumushonga wemazino.

Iyo ine yakasarudzika kugona kudzivirira kuora kwemeno.

Neichi chikonzero, fluoride yakave yakawedzerwa zvakanyanya kune zvinopihwa mvura kunatsiridza hutano hwemeno.

Nekudaro, vanhu vazhinji vari kunetsekana nezve izvo zvinogona kukuvara kubva mukuwedzera kudya.

Ichi chinyorwa chinotora zvakadzama kutarisa fluoride uye inoongorora kuti ingakanganisa sei hutano hwako.

Chii chinonzi Fluoride?

Fluoride ndiyo yakaipa ion yeiyo element fluorine. Iyo inomiririrwa nemakemikari fomura F-.

Inowanikwa zvakanyanya mune zvakasikwa, mune zviyero. Izvo zvinoitika zvakasikwa mumhepo, ivhu, zvirimwa, matombo, mvura nyowani, mvura yegungwa uye zvakawanda zvekudya.

Fluoride inoita chinzvimbo mukucheresa kwemapfupa ako nemeno, maitiro akakosha ekuachengeta akaomarara uye akasimba.

Muchokwadi, inenge 99% yemuviri fluoride inochengetwa mumapfupa nemeno.

Fluoride yakakoshawo pakudzivirira kupora kwemazino, inozivikanwawo semakomba. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chakawedzerwa munharaunda dzemvura dzemunyika munyika zhinji ().

Fluoride ndiyo ionized fomu yeiyo element fluorine. Iyo yakawanda yakaparadzirwa mune zvakasikwa uye inotsigira iyo mineralization yemapfupa nemeno. Fluoride inogona kubatsira kudzivirira maburi.

Zvitubu zveFluoride

Fluoride inogona kudyiwa kana kuiswa mushe pamazino ako.

Heano mamwe emanyuko makuru e fluoride:

• Fluoridated mvura: Nyika dzakaita seUS, UK neAustralia dzinowedzera fluoride kune yavo yeruzhinji mvura. MuUS, fluoridated mvura kazhinji ine 0.7 zvikamu pamiriyoni (ppm).
• Mvura yepasi: Pasi pemvura zvakasikwa zvine fluoride, asi iko kusungwa kunosiyana. Kazhinji, iri pakati pe0.01 kusvika 0.3 ppm, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo nhanho dzakakwirira zvine mwero dziripo. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba ehutano (2).
• Fluoride inowedzera: Izvi zvinowanikwa semadonhwe kana mapiritsi. Fluoride zvinowedzera zvinokurudzirwa kune vana vanopfuura mwedzi mitanhatu yemakore vane njodzi huru yekukura mhango uye vanogara munzvimbo dzisiri-fluoridated ().
• Kumwe kudya: Zvimwe zvekudya zvinogona kugadziriswa pachishandiswa mvura ine fluoridated kana inogona kutora fluoride kubva muvhu. Mashizha eti, kunyanya ekare, anogona kunge aine fluoride muhuwandu hwakakwira kupfuura zvimwe zvekudya (, 5,).
• Zvigadzirwa zvemazino: Fluoride inowedzerwa kune dzinoverengeka zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza mazino pamusika, senge mushonga wemazino uye rinses yemuromo.

Mvura ine fluoridated ndiyo sosi huru ye fluoride munyika zhinji. Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira mvura yepasi, fluoride zvinowedzera, zvimwe zvekudya uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza mazino.

Fluoride Inobatsira Kudzivirira Mazino Makomba

Dental caries, inozivikanwawo semakomba kana kuora kwemeno, chirwere chemumuromo ().

Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunogara mumuromo mako.

Aya mabhakitiriya anoputsa carbs uye anogadzira organic acids inogona kukuvadza zino enamel, iyo mineral-yakapfuma yekunze kwezino rezino.

Iyi asidhi inogona kutungamira mukurasikirwa nemaminerari kubva kuiyo enamel, maitiro anonzi demineralization.

Kana kutsiviwa kwemaminerari, kunzi remineralization, kusingaenderane nemaminerari akarasika, mhango dzinokura.

Fluoride inogona kubatsira kudzivirira mazino mhango ne ():

• Kuderedza demineralization: Fluoride inogona kubatsira kudzora kurasikirwa kwemaminerari kubva kuino enamel.
• Kuvandudza remineralization: Fluoride inogona kukurumidza kugadzirisa maitiro uye kubatsira kudzosa zvicherwa mukati meiyo enamel ().
• Inodzivirira chiitiko chebhakitiriya: Fluoride inokwanisa kudzikisa kugadzirwa kweasidhi nekukanganisa chiitiko chehutachiona enzymes. Inogona zvakare kudzivisa kukura kwehutachiona ().

Muma1980, zvakaratidzwa kuti fluoride inoshanda zvakanyanya mukudzivirira maburi kana ichinge yakanangiswa kumeno (,,).

Fluoride inogona kurwisa maburi nekuvandudza iyo muyero pakati pekuwana zvicherwa uye kurasikirwa kubva kuzino enamel. Inogona zvakare kudzivisa chiitiko cheanokuvadza emuromo mabhakitiriya.

Kunyanyisa Kuwedzera Kunogona Kukonzera Fluorosis

Kuwedzeredza kudya kwe fluoride kwenguva yakareba kunogona kukonzera fluorosis.

Mhando mbiri huru dziripo: dental fluorosis uye skeletal fluorosis.

Mazino Fluorosis

Dental fluorosis inoratidzirwa nekuchinja kunoonekwa mukuonekwa kwemeno.

Mune mafomu akapfava, shanduko dzinowoneka semavara machena pameno uye kazhinji chinetso chekuzora. Dzimwe nyaya dzakakomba hadziwanzo kujairika, asi dzakabatana nemavara etsvuku uye mazino asina simba ().

Dental fluorosis inongoitika chete panguva yekuumbwa kwemeno muhucheche, asi yakanyanya kukosha nguva iri pasi pemakore maviri ().

Vana vanodya yakawandisa fluoride kubva kune akawanda masosi kwenguva yakati rebei vane njodzi yakakwira yezino fluorosis ().

Semuenzaniso, vanogona kumedza mushonga wemazino wakadhirowewa muhuwandu hwakawanda uye vanodya yakawandisa fluoride mufomu yekuwedzera, mukuwedzera pakumedza mvura ine fluoridated.

Vacheche vanowana chikafu chavo zvakanyanya kubva pamafomula akasanganiswa nemvura inoyerera vanogona zvakare kuve nenjodzi yekuwedzera yekudzikisira mazino fluorosis ().

Dental fluorosis chiitiko chinoshandura kuoneka kwemazino, ayo mune zvinyoro nyoro hurema hwekushongedza. Izvo zvinongowanikwa muvana panguva yekuvandudzwa kwemeno.

Skeletal Fluorosis

Skeletal fluorosis chirwere chefupa chinosanganisira kuunganidzwa kwe fluoride mupfupa pamusoro pemakore mazhinji ().

Pakutanga, zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kuomarara uye kurwadziwa kwemajoini. Mhosva dzepamberi dzinogona kuzopedzisira dzakonzera shanduko yemapfupa uye kukosheswa kwemasumbu.

Skeletal fluorosis inonyanya kuitika munyika dzakaita seIndia neChina.

Ikoko, inonyanya kufambidzana nekudyiwa kwenguva refu kwemvura yepasi nematanho epamusoro eakaitika fluoride, kana anopfuura masere ppm (2, 19).

Dzimwe nzira dzekuti vanhu vari munzvimbo idzi vaname fluoride inosanganisira kupisa marasha mumba uye kunwa imwe mhando yetii inonzi zvidhinha tii (,).

Ziva kuti skeletal fluorosis haisi nyaya kumatunhu anowedzera fluoride kumvura yekudzivirira mhango, sezvo huwandu uhu hwakanyatsodzorwa.

Skeletal fluorosis inoitika chete kana vanhu vakafumurwa kune yakawanda kwazvo fluoride kwenguva yakareba yenguva.

Skeletal fluorosis chirwere chinorwadza chinogona kuchinja chimiro chemapfupa mune zvakakomba zviitiko. Inonyanya kuitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo muAsia uko mvura yepasi yakanyanya kwazvo mu fluoride.

Fluoride Ine Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvinokuvadza Here?

Fluoride yakave nenharo kwenguva yakareba ().

Nzvimbo zhinji dzewebhusaiti dzinoti ihwo huturu hunogona kukonzeresa matambudziko ese ehutano, kusanganisira cancer.

Heano akajairika nyaya dzehutano dzakabatanidzwa ne fluoride uye humbowo huri shure kwavo.

Kutsemuka Kwemapfupa

Humwe humbowo hunoratidza kuti fluoride inogona kushomeka mapfupa uye kukwidza njodzi yekutyoka. Zvisinei, izvi zvinongoitika pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ().

Chimwe chidzidzo chakatarisa kutsemuka kwemapfupa muvanhu vechiChinese vane huwandu hwakasiyana hwefluoride. Kutsemuka kwemitengo kwakawedzera apo vanhu vakafumurwa kune yakadzika kwazvo kana akakwirira kwazvo maflororide kwenguva yakareba yenguva ().

Kune rimwe divi, kunwa mvura neinenge 1 ppm ye fluoride kwakabatanidzwa nekuderera kwengozi yekutyoka.

Yakadzika kwazvo uye yakanyanya kukwirisa ye fluoride kuburikidza nekunwa mvura inogona kuwedzera njodzi yekutyoka kwemapfupa kana ikadyiwa kwenguva yakareba. Kuwedzera kutsvagisa kunodiwa.

Kanzera Njodzi

Osteosarcoma iri mhando isingawanzoitika yekenza yemapfupa. Inowanzo bata mapfupa mahombe mumuviri uye inowanzoitika kune vechidiki, kunyanya varume (,).

Ongororo dzakawanda dzakatsvaga hukama pakati pemvura yekunwa fluoridated uye njodzi yeosteosarcoma. Vazhinji havana kuwana chakajeka chinongedzo (,,,,).

Asi imwe ongororo yakaratidza kubatana pakati pe fluoride kuratidzwa panguva yehudiki uye nenjodzi yakawedzera yekenza yemapfupa pakati pevakomana vadiki, asi kwete vasikana ().

Nezve njodzi yekenza kazhinji, hapana kusangana kwawanikwa ().

Iko hakuna humbowo hwakajeka hunoratidza kuti fluoridated mvura inowedzera njodzi yemhando isingawanzo yekenza yemapfupa inonzi osteosarcoma, kana kenza kazhinji.

Kukanganiswa Brain Kubudirira

Pane zvimwe zvekushushikana nezvekuti fluoride inobata sei huropi hwemunhu huri kukura.

Imwe ongororo yakaongorora makumi maviri neshanu ekuongorora kwakanyanya kuitiswa muChina ().

Vana vanogara munzvimbo dzine fluoride yaivepo yakawandisa mumvura vaive nezvikamu zvakaderera zveIQ, zvichienzaniswa nevaya vanogara munzvimbo dzakadzika zvakanyanya ().

Nekudaro, mhedzisiro yacho yaive diki, yakaenzana nenomwe IQ mapoinzi. Vanyori vakaratidzawo kuti zvidzidzo zvakaongororwa zvaive zvisina kukwana mhando.

Ongororo imwe chete yezvidzidzo zvekucherechedza zvakanyanya kubva kuChina yakaona kuti mvura ine huwandu hwakakura hwe fluoride inogona kukanganisa maitiro eIQ zvibodzwa zvevana. Nekudaro, izvi zvinoda kudzidza zvakanyanya kumberi.

Mvura Fluoridation Inoita Nharo

Kuwedzera fluoride kumvura yekunwa yeruzhinji ndeye makumi emakore-yakura, ine nharo tsika yekudzora matanda ().

Mvura fluoridation yakatanga muUS muma1940, uye vangangoita 70% yevagari vemuU.S. parizvino vanogamuchira mvura inoyerera.

Fluoridation isingawanzo muEurope. Nyika zhinji dzakafunga kurega kuwedzera fluoride kune mvura yekunwa yeruzhinji nekuda kwekuchengetedzeka uye kugona kunetseka (,).

Vanhu vazhinji vanofungidzirawo nezve kugona kwekupindira uku. Vamwe vanoti hutano hwemazino haufanire kugadziriswa ne "mishonga yakawanda," asi hunofanirwa kugadziriswa padanho remunhu (,).

Zvichakadaro, masangano mazhinji ehutano anoenderera mberi nekutsigira fluoridation yemvura uye achiti ndiyo nzira isingadhuri yekudzikisa matombo emazino.

Mvura fluoridation kupindira kwehutano hweveruzhinji kunoenderera kuve nyaya yenharo. Kunyange masangano mazhinji ezvehutano achitsigira, vamwe vanoti kuita uku hakuna kukodzera uye kwakaenzana ne "mishonga yakawanda."

Tora Meseji Yekumba

Sezvimwe nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri, fluoride inoita kunge yakachengeteka uye inoshanda kana ichishandiswa nekudyiwa zvakaenzana.

Inogona kubatsira kudzivirira maburi, asi kuimedza mune yakawanda kwazvo kuburikidza nekunwa mvura kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akakomba ehutano.

Nekudaro, izvi zvinonyanya kuve dambudziko munyika dzine zvakasarudzika dzakakwira fluoride mazinga mumvura, senge China neIndia.

Huwandu hwe fluoride hwakanyatso kudzorwa munyika idzo nemaune kuwedzera kune yekumwa mvura.

Nepo vamwe vachibvunza hunhu hunosimudzira hutano hweveruzhinji, fluoridated mvura yemunharaunda haigone kukonzeresa matambudziko ehutano.