Gram Stain

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi Gram stain?
• Chii chinoshandiswa?
• Nei ndichida giraidhi giraidhi?
• Chii chinoitika panguva yegram stain?
• Ndichafanira here kuita chero chinhu kugadzirira bvunzo?
• Pane here njodzi kune bvunzo?
• Zvinorevei mhedzisiro yacho?
• Pane chimwe chinhu here chandinofanira kuziva nezve Gram gwapa?
• Zvinyorwa

Chii chinonzi Gram stain?

Ganga reGram bvunzo inoongorora mabhakitiriya panzvimbo yehutachiona hunofungidzirwa kana mune mamwe mvura yemumuviri, sveropa kana weti. Aya masosi anosanganisira huro, mapapu, uye sikarudzi, uye mumaronda eganda.

Pane zvikamu zviviri zvakakura zvehutachiona hutachiona: Gram-yakanaka uye Gram-isina. Izvo zvikamu zvinowonekwa zvichienderana nekuti mabhakitiriya anoita sei kune iyo gram stain. Tsvina yeGram ine ruvara rwepepuru. Kana iyo tsvina ikasangana nemabhakitiriya mune samuenzaniso, mabhakitiriya anogona kugara ari epepuru kana kutendeuka pink kana kutsvuka. Kana bhakitiriya ikaramba iri yepepuru, ndeyeGram-positive. Kana bhakitiriya ikashanduka pingi kana tsvuku, ivo vari maGram-negative. Iwo mapoka maviri anokonzera mhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona:

• Zvirwere zveGram-positive zvinosanganisira methicillin-inopesana Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), strep hutachiona, uye kushamisika kunotyisa.
• Zvirwere zvegram-negative zvinosanganisira salmonella, pneumonia, hutachiona hwehutachiona, uye gonorrhea.

Ganga raGram rinogona zvakare kushandiswa kuongorora hutachiona hutachiona.

Mamwe mazita: gwapa raGram

Chii chinoshandiswa?

Tsvina yeGram inowanzo shandiswa kutsvaga kana uine hutachiona hutachiona. Kana ukadaro, bvunzo yacho inoratidza kana hutachiona hwako huri hweGram-positive kana yeGram-negative.

Nei ndichida giraidhi giraidhi?

Iwe unogona kuda iyi bvunzo kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvehutachiona hutachiona. Marwadzo, fivha, uye kuneta zviratidzo zvakajairika zvehutachiona hwakawanda. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinoenderana nerudzi rwehutachiona hwauinaro uye kuti mumuviri uripi.

Chii chinoitika panguva yegram stain?

Mubatsiri wako wezvehutano anozofanirwa kutora muyenzaniso kubva kune saiti yekufungidzirwa hutachiona kana kubva kune imwe mvura yemumuviri, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwehutachiona hwaungave uine. Mhando dzakajairika dzeGram stain bvunzo dzakanyorwa pazasi.

Ronda sampuro:

• Anopa anozoshandisa swab yakakosha kutora muyero kubva panzvimbo yeronda rako.

Ropa bvunzo:

• Anopa anotora sampuro yeropa kubva mutsinga iri muruoko rwako.

Weti bvunzo:

• Iwe unozopa yakachena sampuli yeti weti mumukombe, sekurairwa neako mupi wezvehutano.

Mutsika mutsika:

• Mutapi wako wezvehutano anoisa chakasarudzika mumuromo mako kutora sampuli kubva kumashure kwehuro nematoni.

Sputum tsika. Sputum mukobvu wakakora unokosora kubva mumapapu. Izvo zvakasiyana nekupfira kana mate.

• Wehutano wako anokumbira kuti ukosore sputum mumukombe wakasarudzika, kana swab yakakosha inogona kushandiswa kutora sampuro kubva mumhino dzako.

Ndichafanira here kuita chero chinhu kugadzirira bvunzo?

Iwe haudi chero akakosha kugadzirira kweiyo Gram stain.

Pane here njodzi kune bvunzo?

Iko hakuna njodzi yekuita swab, sputum, kana weti bvunzo.

Pane njodzi shoma yekuongororwa ropa. Unogona kunge uine marwadzo mashoma kana kupwanya panzvimbo yakaiswa tsono, asi zviratidzo zvizhinji zvinokurumidza kupera.

Zvinorevei mhedzisiro yacho?

Muenzaniso wako uchaiswa pasiraidhi ndokurapwa neiyo Gram stain. Nyanzvi yevarabhoritari ichaongorora slide iri pasi pe microscope. Kana pasina mabhakitiriya akawanikwa, zvinoreva kuti pamwe hauna hutachiona kana kuti pakanga pasina mabhakitiriya akakwana mumuenzaniso.

Kana mabhakitiriya akawanikwa, ichave nehumwe hunhu hunogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve hutachiona hwako:

• Kana bhakitiriya yakanga ine ruvara rwepepuru, zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kunge uine hutachiwana hweGram-positive.
• Kana bhakitiriya yaive yakatsvuka pink kana tsvuku, zvinoreva kuti unogona kunge uine hutachiwana hweGram-negative.

Mhedzisiro yako inosanganisirawo ruzivo nezve chimiro chebhakitiriya mune yako sampuli. Mazhinji mabhakitiriya angangoita akakomberedza (anozivikanwa secocci) kana akaumbwa kunge tsvimbo (anozivikanwa sebacilli). Chimiro chinogona kupa rumwe ruzivo nezve mhando yehutachiona hwaunayo.

Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yako isingakwanise kuziva iyo chaiyo mhando yebhakitiriya mune yako sampuli, ivo vanogona kubatsira wako mupi kuti aswedere padhuze nekutsvaga chiri kukonzera chirwere chako uye nemabatiro acho ekurapa. Iwe ungangoda mimwe bvunzo, senge bhakitiriya tsika, kuti uone kuti rudzii rwehutachiona hwacho.

Gram stain mhedzisiro inogona zvakare kuratidza kana iwe uine hutachiona hutachiona. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuratidza kuti ndeupi chikamu chehutachiona hwehutachiona iwe hwauinacho: mbiriso kana chakuvhuvhu. Asi iwe ungangoda mimwe miedzo kuti uone kuti ndeipi chaiyo fungal hutachiona yaunayo.

Kana iwe uine mibvunzo nezve mhedzisiro yako, taura nemupi wako wezvehutano.

Dzidza zvakawanda nezve bvunzo dzemarabhoritari, mareferenzi masosi, uye mhinduro dzekunzwisisa

Pane chimwe chinhu here chandinofanira kuziva nezve Gram gwapa?

Kana iwe ukaonekwa uine hutachiona hutachiona, iwe ungangove unorayirwa maantibioti. Zvakakosha kutora mushonga wako sekurairwa, kunyangwe zviratidzo zvako zvinyoro. Izvi zvinogona kudzivirira hutachiona hwako kubva pakuwedzera uye kukonzera matambudziko akakomba.

Zvinyorwa

1. Lab Kuedza Pamhepo [Internet]. Washington DC: American Association yeKiriniki Chemistry; c2001-2020. Bhakitiriya Ronda Tsika; [yakagadziridzwa 2020 Feb 19; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva ku: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/bacterial-wound-culture
2. Lab Kuedza Pamhepo [Internet]. Washington DC: American Association yeKiriniki Chemistry; c2001-2020. Gram Stain; [yakagadziridzwa 2019 Dec 4; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/gram-stain
3. Lab Kuedza Pamhepo [Internet]. Washington DC: American Association yeKiriniki Chemistry; c2001-2020. Sputum Tsika, Hutachiona; [yakagadziridzwa 2020 Jan 14; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva ku: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/sputum-culture-bacterial
4. Lab Kuedza Pamhepo [Internet]. Washington DC: American Association yeKiriniki Chemistry; c2001-2020. Strep Throat Bvunzo; [yakagadziridzwa 2020 Jan 14; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/strep-throat-test
5. Lab Kuedza Pamhepo [Internet]. Washington DC: American Association yeKiriniki Chemistry; c2001-2020. Urine Tsika; [yakagadziridzwa 2020 Jan 31; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/urine-culture
6. Merck Chinyorwa Chevatengi Vhezheni [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co, Inc .; c2020. Kuongororwa kweHosha Inotapukira; [yakagadziridzwa 2018 Aug; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/diagnosis-of-infectious-disease/diagnosis-of-infectious-disease
7. Merck Chinyorwa Chevatengi Vhezheni [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co, Inc .; c2020. Ongororo yeGram-Negative Bhakitiriya; [yakagadziridzwa 2020 Feb; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva ku: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/overview-of-gram-negative-bacteria
8. Merck Chinyorwa Chevatengi Vhezheni [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co, Inc .; c2020. Ongororo yeGram-Positive Bacteria; [yakagadziridzwa 2019 Jun; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva ku: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-positive-bacteria/overview-of-gram-positive-bacteria
9. Microbial Hupenyu Dzidzo Zviwanikwa [Internet]. Sayenzi Dzidzo Resource Center; Gram Kuchenesa; [yakagadziridzwa 2016 Nov 3; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita mana skrini. Inowanikwa kubva ku: https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/microscopy/gramstain.html
10. National Mwoyo, Mapapu, uye Ropa Institute [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Dhipatimendi reUtano reU.S. Kuedzwa kweropa; [yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita matatu skrini. Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
11. O'Toole GA. Classic Spotlight: Iyo Gram Stain Inoshanda Sei. J Bacteriol [Indaneti]. 2016 Dec 1 [yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; 198 (23): 3128. Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5105892
12. UF Hutano: Yunivhesiti yeFlorida Hutano [Internet]. Gainesville (FL): Yunivhesiti yeFlorida Hutano; c2020. Gram stain: Kuongorora; [yakagadziridzwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva: https://ufhealth.org/gram-stain
13. Yunivhesiti yeRochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Yunivhesiti yeRochester Medical Center; c2020. Hutano Encyclopedia: Gram Stain; [yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita maviri skrini. Inowanikwa kubva ku: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=gram_stain
14. Zvakanyanya Zvakanaka Hutano [Internet]. New York: Nezve, Inc .; c2020. Kuongorora kweBacterial Zvirwere; [yakagadziridzwa 2020 Feb 26; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita matatu skrini. Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-bacterial-infection-770565
15. Zvakanyanya Zvakanaka Hutano [Internet]. New York: Nezve, Inc .; c2020. Maitiro eGram Stain muKutsvagisa neRabhani; [yakagadziridzwa 2020 Jan 12; yakataurwa 2020 Kubvumbi 6]; [angangoita matatu skrini. Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.verywellhealth.com/information-about-gram-stain-1958832

Ruzivo ruri pane ino saiti harufanire kushandiswa sekutsiva kwehunyanzvi kurapwa kana kurairwa. Bata mupi wehutano kana iwe uine mibvunzo nezve hutano hwako.