Yakakwira-Inoshanda Autism

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi high-inoshanda autism?
• Izvo zvakasiyana neAsperger's syndrome?
• Ndeapi matanho eatism?
• Matanho eASD anosarudzwa sei?
• Matanho akasiyana anorapwa sei?
• Chinokosha

Chii chinonzi high-inoshanda autism?

Yakakwira-inoshanda autism haisi yepamutemo yekurapa kuongororwa. Inowanzo shandiswa kureva vanhu vane autism spectrum disorder vanoverenga, kunyora, kutaura, uye kubata hunyanzvi hwehupenyu pasina rubatsiro rwakawanda.

Autism iurourodevelopmental kusagadzikana kunoonekwa nematambudziko nekudyidzana uye kutaurirana. Zviratidzo zvaro zvinotangira pane zvinyoro kusvika kune zvakanyanya. Ichi ndicho chikonzero Autism yave kunzi autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Autism yekumusoro-inoshanda inowanzo shandiswa kureva kune avo vari panoperera huremu hwemitambo.

Verenga pamusoro kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve yakakwira-inoshanda autism uye iwo epamutemo mazinga eatism.

Izvo zvakasiyana neAsperger's syndrome?

Kusvikira izvozvi zvadzokororwa kuDiagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM), mamiriro anozivikanwa seAsperger's syndrome aimbozivikanwa seyakajeka mamiriro. Vanhu vakawanikwa vaine Asperger's syndrome vaive nezviratidzo zvakati wandei zvakafanana nehutachiona pasina kunonoka mukushandisa mutauro, kusimudzira kugona, kukura kwehunyanzvi-hwekuzvibatsira hwezera, hunhu hunochinja, uye kuda kuziva nezve nharaunda. Zviratidzo zvavo zvaiwanzo kuve zvakapfava uye zvishoma mukana wekukanganisa hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva.

Vamwe vanhu vanofunga iwo maviri mamiriro ezvinhu sechinhu chimwe chete, asi yakanyanya kushanda autism isiri mamiriro anozivikanwa. Kana autism ikava ASD, kumwe kushushikana kweurourodevelopmental, kusanganisira Asperger's syndrome, kwakabviswa kubva kuDSM-5. Panzvimbo iyoyo, autism ikozvino yakakamurwa nekuomarara uye inogona kuperekedzwa nekumwe kukanganisa.

Ndeapi matanho eatism?

IAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) inochengetedza katarogu yezvinetso zvakasarudzika nemamiriro. Iyo Diagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders yakashandiswa kwemakumi emakore kubatsira vanachiremba kuenzanisa zviratidzo uye kuongorora. Iyo vhezheni vhezheni, iyo DSM-5, yakaburitswa muna 2013. Iyi vhezheni yakabatanidza zvese zvine chekuita neatism pasi peimwe izwi remaambura - ASD.

Nhasi, ASD yakakamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu dzinoratidza kuomarara:

• Chikamu 1. Iyi ndiyo nhanho yakapfava yeASD. Vanhu padanho iri kazhinji vane zvinyoro zviratidzo zvisinga pindire zvakanyanya nebasa, chikoro, kana hukama. Izvi ndizvo zvinorehwa nevanhu vazhinji pavanoshandisa mazwi ekuti kushanda kwepamusoro autism kana Asperger's syndrome.
• Chikamu 2. Vanhu padanho iri vanoda rutsigiro rwakawanda, senge kurapwa kwekutaura kana kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwemagariro.
• Chikamu 3. Iyi ndiyo nhanho yakanyanyisa yeASD. Vanhu padanho iri vanoda rutsigiro rwakanyanya, kusanganisira venguva yakazara rubatsiro kana kurapwa kwakanyanya mune dzimwe nguva.

Matanho eASD anosarudzwa sei?

Iko hakuna bvunzo imwe chete yekumisikidza mazinga eASD. Panzvimbo iyoyo, chiremba kana chiremba wepfungwa vachapedza nguva yakawanda vachitaura nemumwe munhu uye vachiona maitiro avo kuti vawane pfungwa iri nani pane yavo:

• kutaura nemanzwiro
• magariro uye emanzwiro kugona
• kugona kutaura kwekutaura

Vachaedza zvakare kuyera kuti munhu anokwanisa sei kugadzira kana kuchengetedza hukama hune chinangwa nevamwe.

ASD inogona kuongororwa sekutanga. Nekudaro, vana vazhinji, uye kunyangwe vamwe vakuru, vanogona kunge vasina kuongororwa kusvika papera nguva. Kuonekwa kuti uri pazera rinotevera kunogona kuita kuti kurapwa kuome. Kana iwe kana chiremba wevana vemwana wako muchifunga kuti vanogona kunge vaine ASD, fungai kuita musangano nachiremba weASD. Sangano risingabatsiri Autism Inotaura rine chishandiso chinogona kukubatsira iwe kuwana zviwanikwa mudunhu rako.

Matanho akasiyana anorapwa sei?

Iko hakuna chero akaenzana ekurapa ekurudzira emazinga akasiyana eASD. Kurapa kunoenderana nezvakasiyana zviratidzo zveumwe neumwe. Vanhu vane mazinga akasiyana eASD vangangoda mhando dzese dzekurapwa, asi avo vane chikamu chechipiri kana chechitatu ASD vangangoda kurapwa kwakanyanya, kwenguva refu kupfuura avo vane chikamu 1 ASD.

Mishonga inogona kuitika yeASD inosanganisira:

• Kurapa kwekutaura. ASD inogona kukonzera nyaya dzakasiyana dzekutaura. Vamwe vanhu vane ASD vanogona kutadza kutaura zvachose, asi vamwe vanogona kunetseka kuita hurukuro nevamwe. Therapiki yekurapa inogona kubatsira kugadzirisa huwandu hwematambudziko ekutaura.
• Kurapa kwepanyama. Vamwe vanhu vane ASD vanonetseka nehunyanzvi hwemotokari. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zvakaita sekusvetuka, kufamba, kana kumhanya kuoma. Vanhu vane ASD vanogona kusangana nematambudziko nehumwe hunyanzvi hwemotokari. Kurapa kwepanyama kunogona kubatsira kusimbisa mhasuru nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemotokari.
• Kurapa pabasa. Basa rekurapa rinogona kukubatsira iwe kudzidza kushandisa maoko ako, makumbo, kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti mabasa ezuva nezuva uye kushanda kuve nyore.
• Kudzidzisa kwekufunga. Vanhu vane ASD vanowanzoterera kurira, mwenje uye kubata. Kudzidziswa kwekufunga kunobatsira vanhu kuti vagadzikane nekuisa pfungwa.
• Yakashandiswa maitiro ekuongorora. Iyi inzira inokurudzira hunhu hwakanaka. Kune akatiwandei marudzi eanoshandiswa maitiro ongororo, asi mazhinji anoshandisa mubairo system.
• Mishonga. Nepo pasina chero mishonga yakagadzirirwa kubata ASD, mamwe marudzi anogona kubatsira kubata chaiwo zviratidzo, sekushushikana kana simba rakakwira.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa dzinowanikwa muASD.

Chinokosha

Autism yepamusoro-inoshanda haisi izwi rezvekurapa, uye haina tsananguro yakajeka. Asi vanhu vari kushandisa izwi iri vanogona kunge vachitaura kune chimwe chinhu chakafanana nedanho 1 ASD. Inogona zvakare kufananidzwa neAsperger's syndrome, mamiriro asingachazivikanwe neAPA.