Shanduko Inokanganisa Sei Mutambo weTransgender Yemitambo Yemitambo?

Zvemukati

• Ongororo ye

Muna Chikumi, menduru yegoridhe yeOlimpiki-kuhwina decathlete Caitlyn Jenner-aimbozivikanwa saBruce Jenner-akabuda se transgender. Yakanga iri nguva yemvura mugore umo nyaya dzetransgender dzanga dzichigara dzichigadzira misoro. Zvino, Jenner anoonekwa semumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa pachena transgender vanhu munyika. Asi asati ave transgender icon, asati avepo Kufambirana nevaKardashians, akanga ari mutambi. Uye shanduko yake yeruzhinji zvine nharo inoita kuti ave mutambi ane mukurumbira wepasi rose. (Kutaura zvazviri, kutaura kwake kwepamoyo kwaive chimwe cheZvinhu gumi Zvinoshamisa Zvakaitika paESPY Awards.)

Kunyangwe Jenner akachinja kwenguva refu mushure mekumhanya basa rake, (zvishoma nezvishoma) kukura kugamuchirwa kweavo vanoziva se transgender zvinoreva kuti kune vanhu vasingaverengeki kunze uko avo vari kuchinja apo uchikwikwidza mune mumwe mutambo. Nhau nyowani dzinouya vhiki rega-pane mutongi wemutemo weSouth Dakota uyo aronga kuongorora kuongororwa kwevatambi nhengo dzesikarudzi; iyo California danho rekurambidza trans vanhu kubva kushandisa avo akasarudzwa makiyi makamuri; mutongo weOhio wekuti vatambi vechikadzi vanopinda chikoro chesekondari vanofanirwa kuongororwa kuti vaone kana vachiratidza mukana wemuviri maererano nemamiriro emapfupa uye mhasuru. Kunyangwe kune avo vakanyanya kunetsekana uye vanotsigira zvikonzero zve LGBT, zvakaoma kuti uone kana paine nzira "yakanaka" yekubvumidza mumwe munhu kuti atambire timu iri jongwe rakapesana kubva pane izvo zvavakapihwa pakuzvarwa - kunyanya mune trans vakadzi , vanoziva semukadzi asi vanofungidzirwa vane (uye vanochengeta) simba, kugwinya, uremu hwemuviri, uye kutsungirira kwemurume.

Ehezve, ruzivo rwekuva mutambi wemitambo rwakaomarara kupfuura kungochinja bvudzi rako wobva watarisa mikombe ichipinda. Iyo chaiyo sainzi iri shure kwekurapwa kwehomoni kana kuvhiyiwa kwechikadzi haipe mhinduro iri nyore, kungave- asi kwete kwekurapa nhanho inoshandura kugona kwemitambo munzira inogona kufunga vamwe.

Kuchinja Kunoita Muviri

Savannah Burton, makumi mana, mukadzi anotamba mutambi anotamba dodgeball. Akakwikwidza mumakwikwi epasi rose zhizha rino nechikwata chevakadzi-asi akatambira timu yechirume asati atanga shanduko yake.

"Ndatamba mitambo nguva zhinji yehupenyu hwangu. Ndiri mudiki, ndakaedza zvese: hockey, kutsika kutsika, asi baseball ndiyo yandaitarisa zvakanyanya," anodaro. "Baseball rwanga ruri rudo rwangu rwekutanga." Akatamba kweanoda kusvika makore makumi maviri-kunyangwe ari murume. Zvino kwakauya kumhanya, kuchovha bhasikoro, uye dodgeball muna 2007, mutambo mutsva usiri wekunze-giredhi rechikoro. Aive makore akati wandei pabasa rake redhodhi paakafunga kutora matanho ekurapa kuchinjika ave pakati pemakumi matatu.

"Ndakanga ndichiri kutamba dodgeball pandakatanga kutora testosterone blockers uye estrogen," Burton anoyeuka. Akanzwa kuchinja kusina kujeka mukati memwedzi mishomanana yokutanga. "Ini ndaigona kunyatsoona kuti kukanda kwangu hakuna kuoma sezvazvaive. Ini ndaisakwanisa kutamba nenzira imwecheteyo. Ini ndaisakwanisa kukwikwidza padanho rimwe chete randaive naro."

Iye anorondedzera shanduko yemuviri yainakidza seye transgender munhu uye anotyisa semumhanyi. "Makanika angu ekutamba haana kuchinja," anodaro nezve kugona kwake uye kubatana. "Asi simba rangu remhasuru rakaderera zvakanyanya. Handikwanise kukanda zvakanyanya." Musiyano wacho wainyanya kurova mudodgeball, uko chinangwa ndechekukanda nesimba uye nekukurumidza pane zvaunovavarira zvemunhu. Burton paaitamba nevarume, mabhora aikwenya zvakanyanya kubva pazvipfuva zvevanhu zvekuti vaizoita ruzha rukuru. "Zvino, vanhu vazhinji vari kubata iwo mabhora," anodaro. "Saka zvinoita zvekunetsa nenzira iyoyo." Kanda semusikana, chokwadi.

Chiitiko chaBurton chinowanzoitika pakushanduka kwemurume-kusvika-mukadzi (MTF), anodaro Robert S. Beil, MD, weMontefiore Medical Group. “Kurasikirwa ne testosterone kunoreva kupera simba uye kuva neunyanzvi hushoma hwokumhanya,” anotsanangura kudaro. "Hatizivi kana testosterone ine simba rakananga pamusoro pesimba remusimba, asi pasina testosterone, inochengetwa pamwero wakaderera." Izvi zvinoreva kuti vakadzi vanowanzoda kushanda nesimba kwenguva yakareba kuchengetedza tsandanyama, nepo varume vachiona mhedzisiro nekukurumidza.

Beil anowedzera kuti varume vane yakakwira avhareji kuwanda kweropa rate, uye shanduko inogona "kukonzera masero matsvuku eropa kuverenga, nekuti huwandu hwesero tsvuku dzeropa uye kutsvuka kwemasero eropa zvinogadzirwa ne testosterone." Masero ako matsvuku eropa anokosha pakutakura okisijeni kubva mumapapu kuenda kumatishu ako; vanhu vanowedzerwa ropa vanowanzo kunzwa kuwedzera kwesimba uye kusimba, nepo vanhu vane chirwere chekushaya ropa vachinzwa kushaya simba. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangura kuti nei Burton akataurawo kuderera kwesimba uye kutsungirira, kunyanya kana achienda kunomhanya mangwanani.

Mafuta anozviparadzanisa futi, achipa vakadzi vakadzi mazamu uye zvishoma fleshier, rakapora chimiro. Alexandria Gutierrez, ane makore makumi maviri nemasere, mukadzi wekuchinjika akatanga kambani inodzidzisa yega, TRANSnFIT, inoshanda mukudzidzisa nharaunda ye transgender. Akapedza makore makumi maviri achishanda nesimba kuti aderedze uremu mushure mekunge arova chinhambwe che220 pounds, asi akaona kuedza kwese kunyorova pamberi pemeso ake paakatanga kutora estrogen makore maviri apfuura. “Zvaityisa zvechokwadi,” anoyeuka kudaro. "Makore mashoma aenda ini ndaiwanzoshandisa 35-pondo zviyero zve reps. Nhasi, ndinonetseka kusimudza dondo re 20-paundi." Zvakatora gore rebasa kuti ndidzokere kunhamba dzaakange atora pamberi pechinjiso chake.

Iro fitness cliche iyo vakadzi vanotya kusimudza nekuti havadi mhasuru dzinoputika, asi Gutierrez anovimbisa madzimai kuti kusvika ikoko zvakaoma. “Ndaigona kuenda kunosimudza masimbi anorema, uye tsandanyama dzangu hadzisi kuzochinja,” anodaro. "Muchokwadi, ini ndakaedza kushingaira kuwanda, sekuyedza, uye haina kushanda."

Shanduko yakadzokera kumashure yemukadzi kuenda kumurume (FTM) inogamuchira kushomeka kwekutarisa kwemumhanyi, asi zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti, hongu, trans men. ita kazhinji unonzwa zvinopesana, kunyange zvishoma nokukurumidza nokuti testosterone ine simba. "Zvinogona kutora makore kuti uve nemuviri waunoda pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu, asi testosterone inoita kuti zviitike nekukurumidza," Beil anotsanangura. "Inochinja simba rako uye nekukasira uye kugona kupindura kurovedza muviri." Ehe, zvinokatyamadza kuve murume kana uchivavarira mabiceps makuru uye matanhatu-pack abs.

Chii Chikuru Chikuru?

Kunyangwe murume kana mukadzi kana zvinopesana, chimiro chebhonzo chemunhu hachigone kushanduka nenzira yakakosha. Kana iwe wakaberekwa uri mukadzi, uchiri mukana wekuve mupfupi, mudiki, uye uine mashoma mabhonzo akakora mushure mekuchinja; kana iwe wakazvarwa uri murume, iwe unowanzo kuve wakareba, kukura, uye uine mapfupa akaomarara. Uye imomo ndimo mune gakava.

"Mutengesi weFTM anozopedzisira asisina mukana nekuti vane furemu diki," Beil anodaro. "Asi MTF trans vanhu vanowanzo kuve vakuru, uye vanogona kunge vaine masimba kubva vasati vatanga kushandisa estrogen."

Ndiwo mabhenefiti aya ari kumutsa mibvunzo yakaoma kumasangano emitambo pasi rese. "Ndinofunga kuchikoro chesekondari kana masangano emitambo emuno, mutsauko mudiki wakaringana zvekuti vanhu vanofanirwa kuregeredza," anodaro. "Mubvunzo wakaoma kana uchitaura nezvevatambi vepamusoro."

Asi vamwe vatambi pachavo vanopokana kuti hapana chaicho mukana. "Musikana anotenderera haana kusimba kudarika vamwe vasikana," Gutierrez anotsanangura. "Inyaya yedzidzo. Iyi itsika chose." Trans*Athlete, chishandiso chepamhepo, chinochengeta marongero azvino kune vatambi vetransport pamatanho akasiyana munyika yose. International Olimpiki Committee, yeimwe, yazivisa kuti vatambi ve transgender vanogona kukwikwidza timu yechirume yavanosangana nayo, chero vakapedza kuvhiya kwekunze kwepabonde uye vachinja zviri pamutemo hunhu hwavo.

"Sainzi iri shure kwe [kuchinja] ndeyekuti hapana chakanakira vatambi. Ndiyo imwe yematambudziko makuru andinayo neIOC nhungamiro, "Burton anoomerera. Hongu, tekinoroji vatambi vemitambo vanobvumidzwa kukwikwidza mumaOlympics. Asi nekuda kwekutanga kuvhiyiwa nhengo yekubereka, ivo IOC vazvitaurira kwavo zvazvinoreva kuva transgender; hazviite kufunga kuti vamwe vanhu vanoenda havatombovhiiwa nhengo dzesikarudzi-nekuti havakwanise kuzvitenga, havagone kupora kubva kwazviri, kana kungoti havadi. "Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti ndiko kutya kukuru," anodaro Burton.

Kunyangwe vese vari vaviri vakadzi vakarasikirwa nehumwe hunyanzvi hwekumhanya, ivo vanoti zvakanaka zvekuchinja zvinopfuura zvakashata.

"Ndakanga ndakagadzirira kusiya zvese kuti ndichinje, kunyangwe zvinondiuraya," Burton anodaro. "Yaiva sarudzo chete kwandiri. Ndakanzwa sokuti, zvingava zvakanaka kana ndaigona kutamba mitambo mushure meizvi, asi yakanga iri bhonasi. Ichokwadi kuti ini ndinokwanisa kutamba mushure mekuchinja kunongoshamisa."

Ongororo ye