Meningitis muVacheche

Zvemukati

• Zviratidzo zve meningitis muvacheche
• Zvinokonzera meningitis mucheche
• Utachiona hwomumuzongoza
• Bhakitiriya meningitis
• Fungal yomumuzongoza
• Kuongororwa kwehutachiona muvacheche
• Kurapa kwehumeningitis muvacheche
• Utachiona hwomumuzongoza
• Bhakitiriya meningitis
• Fungal yomumuzongoza
• Kuchengetedza meningitis muvacheche
• Utachiona hwomumuzongoza
• Bhakitiriya meningitis
• Fungal yomumuzongoza
• Yenguva-refu mhedzisiro uye maonero

Mhedziso

Meningitis ndiko kuzvimba kweiyo mitatu membranes (meninges) inoisa uropi uye musana.

Kunyange hazvo meningitis ichikanganisa vanhu vezera ripi zvaro, vacheche vari pasi pemakore maviri ndivo vari panjodzi yepamusoro yekubatwa nemeningitis. Mwana wako anogona kuwana meningitis kana mabhakitiriya, mavairasi, kana fungus ichikanganisa chimwe chikamu chemuviri wavo chinofamba muropa kuenda kuuropi uye musana.

Kunze kwechiuru chekuzvarwa kuri kurarama, ingangoita 0,1 kusvika 0,4 neonates (mucheche asingasviki mazuva makumi maviri nemasere ekuberekwa) vanowana meningitis, inofungidzira ongororo ya2017. Mamiriro ezvinhu akakomba, asi zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zveava vacheche zvinopona. Chidzidzo chimwe chete ichocho chinocherekedza chero kubva pa20 kusvika makumi mashanu muzana yavo vane matambudziko enguva refu, sekuoma kwekudzidza uye matambudziko ekuona.

Zvagara zvisinganzwisisike, asi kushandiswa kwejekiseni kupokana nebacterial meningitis kwakaderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwevana vanohuwana.

Pasati pave nemushonga wepneumococcal, wakawana pneumococcal meningitis, inodaro Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Kubvira muna 2002 kusvika muna 2007, apo majekiseni aya aigara achishandiswa, vana vasere chete kubva pazana remazana evana vane makore 1 kusvika pamakumi maviri nemaviri vakawana chero mhando yebacteria meningitis, inofungidzira chinyorwa cha2011.

Zviratidzo zve meningitis muvacheche

Zviratidzo zve meningitis zvinogona kuuya nekukurumidza zvakanyanya. Mwana wako anogona kunge akaoma kunyaradza, kunyanya pavanenge vakachengetwa. Zvimwe zviratidzo mumwana zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kukudziridza fivha yakakwira pakarepo
• kusadya zvakanaka
• kurutsa
• kusava nesimba kana simba pane zvakajairwa
• kuva nehope kana kunetsekana kumuka
• kuva nehasha kupfuura nguva dzose
• kubhururuka kwenzvimbo nyoro pamisoro yavo (iyo fontanel)

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zvakaoma kuona mucheche, senge:

• kurwadziwa nemusoro zvakanyanya
• kuomesa kwemutsipa
• kunzwisisika kuchiedza chakajeka

Dzimwe nguva, mucheche anogona kubata. Kazhinji kazhinji izvi zvinokonzerwa nefivhiri yakakura uye kwete meningitis pachayo.

Zvinokonzera meningitis mucheche

Hutachiona, hutachiona, kana chakuvhe zvinogona kukonzera meningitis mumwana.

Viral meningitis yakagara iri iyo inonyanya kukonzeresa meningitis. Kubva kuvandudzwa kwemajekiseni ekudzivirira hutachiona hwehutachiona, rudzi urwu rwemaningitis rwaramba rwuchiwanzoitika. Fungal meningitis isingawanzoitiki.

Utachiona hwomumuzongoza

Viral meningitis kazhinji haina kukomba sebhakitiriya kana fungal meningitis, asi mamwe hutachiona hunokonzera hutachiona hwakanyanya. Mavhairasi akajairika anowanzo kukonzera chirwere chinyoro anosanganisira:

• Asina-polio enteroviruses. Aya mavhairasi anokonzeresa kazhinji kacho hutachiona hwemeningitis muUnited States. Zvinokonzera mhando zhinji dzeutachiona, kusanganisira dzihwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanovabata, asi vashoma kwazvo vanowana chirwere chemumuzongoza. Utachiona hunopararira kana mwana wako achinge asangana nezvituru zvine utachiona kana zvakavanzika zvemumuromo.
• Furuwenza. Utachiona uhu hunokonzera furuwenza. Inopararira kuburikidza nekubatana nezvakavanzika kubva mumapapu kana mukanwa wemunhu akabatwa nayo.
• Maseas uye mamota hutachiona. Meningitis chinhu chisingawanzoitika cheavairasi anopararira zvikuru. Dzinopararira zviri nyore kuburikidza nekubata nehutachiona hutachiona kubva mumapapu nemuromo.

Mavhairasi anogona kukonzera zvakanyanya meningitis anosanganisira:

• Varicella. Utachiona uhu hunokonzeresa chamba. Inopararira zviri nyore nekusangana nemunhu akabatwa nayo.
• Herpes simplex hutachiona. Mwana anowanzozviwana kubva kuna amai vake mudumbu kana panguva yekuzvarwa.
• Utachiona hweWest Nile. Izvi zvinopfuudzwa nekurumwa neumhutu.

Vana vari pasi pemashanu, kusanganisira vacheche, vane mukana wakakura wekutapukirwa nehutachiona hwomumuzongoza. Vacheche vari pakati pekuzvarwa uye nemwedzi mumwe zera vanowanzoita hutachiona hwakanyanya.

Bhakitiriya meningitis

Pakati pemazuva makumi maviri nemasere ehupenyu, bacterial meningitis inowanzo kukonzerwa nehutachiona hunodaidzwa kuti:

• Boka B Streptococcus.Izvi zvinowanzopararira kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana wavo pakuzvarwa.
• Gram-negative bacilli, senge Escherichia coli (E. coli) uye Klebsiella pneumoniae.E. coli inogona kupararira kuburikidza nechikafu chakasvibiswa, chikafu chakagadzirwa nemumwe munhu akashandisa imba yekugezera asina kushambidza maoko mushure, kana kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana panguva yekuzvarwa.
• Listeria monocytogenes.MaNeonates anowanzo tora izvi kubva kuna amai vavo mudumbu. Dzimwe nguva mwana anogona kuzviwana panguva yekusununguka. Amai vanoiwana nekudya chikafu chine hutachiona.

Muvana vari pasi pemakore mashanu, kusanganisira vacheche vanopfuura mwedzi mumwe ekuberekwa, mabhakitiriya akajairika anokonzera meningitis ndeaya:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae. Iyi bhakitiriya inowanikwa muzvivi, mhino, nemapapu. Inopararira kuburikidza nekufema mumhepo iyo munhu akabatwa nayo akahotsira kana kukosora. Icho chinonyanya kukonzera bhakitiriya meningitis muvacheche vari pasi pemakore maviri.
• Neisseria meningitidis. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chechipiri chinowanzoitika chebhakitiriya meningitis. Inopararira kuburikidza nekubatana nezvakavanzika kubva mumapapu kana mukanwa wemunhu akabatwa nayo. Vacheche vari pasi pegore rimwe chete vari panjodzi yepamusoro yekuwana izvi.
• Haemophilus influenzaemhando b (Hib). Izvi zvinopararira nekusangana nezvakavanzika kubva mumuromo wemunhu anotakura. Vanotakura mabhakitiriya kazhinji havasi kurwara pachavo asi vanogona kukurwarisa. Mucheche anofanirwa kunge ari padhuze neanotakura kwemazuva mashoma kuti aiwane. Kunyangwe ipapo, vazhinji vacheche vanongozova vatakuri uye kwete kuwana chirwere chengono.

Fungal yomumuzongoza

Fungal meningitis haina kujairika nekuti inowanzo bata vanhu vane immune system isina kusimba.

Mhando dzinoverengeka dzefungi dzinogona kukonzera meningitis. Mhando nhatu dzefungus dzinogara muvhu, uye imwe mhando inogara yakakomberedza chiremwaremwa nenyuchi. Iyo fungus inopinda mumuviri nekufemerwa mukati.

Vacheche vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana vasina kuyera zvakanyanya vane njodzi huru yekuwana chirwere cheropa kubva mufungus inonzi Candida. Mwana anowanzobata iyi fungus muchipatara mushure mekuzvarwa. Iyo inogona kubva yaenda kuuropi, ichikonzera meningitis.

Kuongororwa kwehutachiona muvacheche

Miedzo inogona kusimbisa kuongororwa kwemeningitis uye kuona kuti chii chiri kuikonzera. Miedzo inosanganisira:

• Tsika dzeropa. Ropa rakabviswa mutsinga yemwana wako rinoparadzirwa pamahwendefa akakosha ayo mabhakitiriya, mavairasi, kana fungus inokura zvakanaka pairi. Kana paine chinhu chinokura, izvo zvinogona kunge zviri izvo zvakakonzera meningitis.
• Kuongororwa kweropa. Rimwe reropa rakabviswa richaongororwa murabhoritari kuti muve nezviratidzo zvehutachiona.
• Lumbar kubaya. Muedzo uyu unonziwo musana wepombi. Mimwe yemvura inotenderedza uropi hwemwana wako uye musana wemusana inobviswa uye kuyedzwa. Inoiswawo pamahwendefa akakosha kuti uone kana paine chinhu chinomera.
• CT scan. Chiremba wako anogona kuwana CT scan yemusoro wemwana wako kuti aone kana paine homwe yehutachiona, inonzi abscess.

Kurapa kwehumeningitis muvacheche

Kurapa kwehumeningitis kunoenderana nechikonzero. Vacheche vane mamwe marudzi ehutachiona meningitis vanova nani pasina kurapwa.

Zvisinei, gara uchienda nemwana wako kuna chiremba nekukurumidza sezvinobvira chero nguva yaunofungidzira kuti meningitis. Iwe haugone kuve nechokwadi kuti chii chiri kuchikonzera kudzamara chiremba wako aita imwe bvunzo nekuti zviratidzo zvakafanana nemamwe mamiriro.

Kana zvichidikanwa, kurapwa kunofanira kutanga nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti zvive nemhedzisiro yakanaka.

Utachiona hwomumuzongoza

Kazhinji yenguva, meningitis nekuda kweasina-polio enteroviruses, furuwenza, uye mumps uye gwirikwiti hutachiona hwakapfava. Nekudaro, vacheche vadiki vari panjodzi huru yekuve nezvirwere zvakakomba. Mwana anenge anaro anogona kuita zvirinani mukati memazuva gumi asina kumboda kurapwa.

Meningitis inokonzerwa nemamwe mavhairasi, akaita sevaricella, herpes simplex, uye hutachiona hweWest Nile, inogona kuve yakakomba. Izvi zvinogona kureva kuti mwana wako anoda kuiswa muchipatara nekurapwa neine intravenous (IV) antiviral mishonga.

Bhakitiriya meningitis

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa kurapa hutachiona hwemeningitis. Vanowanzo kupihwa kuburikidza neIV. Mwana wako angatofanira kugara muchipatara.

Fungal yomumuzongoza

Fungal hutachiona hunorapwa neIV antifungal mishonga. Mwana wako anowanzo fanirwa kurapwa muchipatara kwemwedzi kana kupfuura. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti fungal hutachiona hwakaoma kubvisa.

Kuchengetedza meningitis muvacheche

Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inogona kudzivirira akawanda, asi kwete ese, marudzi ehurombo kana akapihwa sekurudziro ye. Hapana ane zana muzana anoshanda, saka kunyange vacheche vakabaiwa jekiseni vanokwanisa kubatwa nemeningitis.

Cherekedza kuti kunyangwe paine "jekiseni re" meningitis, "nderimwe rudzi rwehutachiona hwemeninjita inonzi meningococcal meningitis. Inowanzokurudzirwa kuvana vakura uye vechidiki muUnited States. Haisi kushandiswa mucheche.

Mune dzimwe nyika dzakadai seUnited Kingdom, vacheche vanowanzo gamuchira jekiseni re meningitis.

Utachiona hwomumuzongoza

Mishonga inopesana nemavhairasi inogona kutungamira kune meningitis ndeiyi:

• Furuwenza. Izvi zvinodzivirira kubva kumeningitis kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hutachiona. Inopihwa gore rega rega kutanga pamwedzi mitanhatu yekuzvarwa. Kunyangwe vacheche vasawana mushonga uyu, zvinopa dziviriro kana nhengo dzemhuri nevamwe vachange vari padyo nemwana wako vachibaiwa jekiseni.
• Varicella. Mushonga uyu unodzivirira pahuku. Chekutanga chinopihwa kana mwana wako aine mwedzi gumi nemiviri.
• Masturu, mamota, rubella (MMR). Kana mwana wako awana gwirikwiti kana manyurusi, zvinogona kutungamira kumeninjita. Mushonga uyu unodzivirira kubva kumavhairasi aya. Mushonga wekutanga unopihwa pamwedzi gumi nemaviri ekuberekwa.

Bhakitiriya meningitis

Mishonga yekudzivirira hutachiona iyo inogona kutungamira kubhakitiriya meningitis muvacheche ndeiyi:

• Haemophilus influenzae mhando b (Hib) jekiseni. Izvi zvinodzivirira kubva H. furuwenza mabhakitiriya. Munyika dzakasimukira, senge United States, mushonga uyu wakada kubvisa rudzi urwu rwemanungo. Mushonga unodzivirira mwana kubva pakubatwa nechirwere chengono uye kubva pakuva anotakura. Kuderedza huwandu hwevatakuri kunotungamira kune boka rekudzivirira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe vacheche vasina kubayiwa nhomba vane kumwe kudzivirirwa nekuti ivo kashoma kuti vasangane nemutakuri. Mushonga wekutanga unopihwa pamwedzi miviri yekuberekwa.
• Pneumococcal (PCV13) jekiseni. Izvi zvinodzivirira kubva kumeningitis nekuda kwematambudziko mazhinji e Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mushonga wekutanga unopihwa pamwedzi miviri yekuberekwa.
• Meningococcal vaccine. Mushonga uyu unodzivirira kubva Neisseria meningitidis. Hazviwanzo kupihwa kusvika zera regumi nerimwe, kunze kwekunge paine nyaya nema immune immune emwana kana ivo vari kuenda kune dzimwe nyika uko hutachiona hwakajairika. Kana zvirizvo, saka zvinopihwa kutanga pamwedzi miviri yekuberekwa.

Kuboka B boka, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kupihwa amai panguva yekusununguka kubatsira kudzivirira mwana kubva pakuiwana.

Vakadzi vane nhumbu vanofanirwa kunzvenga chizi inogadzirwa nemukaka usina kunyorerwa nekuti chinhu chakajairika Listeria. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira amai kubva pakubata Listeria uyezve nekuchinjisa kumwana wake.

Tevedzera zvidziviriro zvakajairika kudzivirira hutachiona uye kubatsira kudzikisa njodzi yekuwana meningitis kubva kune chero mabhakitiriya kana mavairasi:

• Shamba maoko ako kazhinji, kunyanya usati wabata chikafu uye mushure:
  • kushandisa imba yekugezera
  • kuchinja manapukeni emwana wako
  • kuvhara muromo wako kuhotsira kana kukosora
  • kuridza mhino dzako
  • kuchengeta mumwe munhu anogona kutapukira kana ane hutachiona
• Shandisa nzira yakakodzera yekugeza maoko. Izvi zvinoreva kugeza nesipo uye nemvura inodziya kweanosvika makumi maviri masekondi. Ita shuwa yekugeza mawoko ako uye pasi pezvipikiri zvako nezvindori.
• Vhara muromo wako nechomukati pegokora rako kana munyama pese paunotsinzina kana kukosora. Kana iwe ukashandisa ruoko rwako kuvhara, geza ipapo ipapo.
• Usagovane zvinhu zvinogona kutakura mate, senge mashanga, makapu, ndiro, nemidziyo. Dzivisa kutsvoda munhu ari kurwara.
• Usabata muromo wako kana kumeso kana maoko ako asina kugezwa.
• Kazhinji kuchenesa uye kuuraya utachiona zvinhu zvaunowanzobata, senge foni yako, keyboard yekombuta, marembo ekudzora, mabati edhoo, nematoyi.

Fungal yomumuzongoza

Iko hakuna majekiseni efungal meningitis. Vacheche havawanzo kuve munzvimbo dzinogara fungi, saka havakwanisi kuwana fungal meningitis.

Sezvo zvinowanzo nhongwa muchipatara, kushandisa zvakajairika hutachiona matanho anobatsira kudzivirira a Candida hutachiona, uhwo hungatungamira kune meningitis, mune yakaderera-huremu vana vasati vasvika.

Yenguva-refu mhedzisiro uye maonero

Meningitis chinhu chisingawanzo asi chakakomba, hutachiona hunotyisidzira hupenyu. Zvisinei, mwana anenge nguva dzose achapora zvakakwana kana aonekwa uye akarapwa nekukasika.

Kana kurapwa kukanonoka, mwana achiri kugona kupora, asi vanogona kusiiwa neimwe kana yakawanda mibairo yenguva refu, inosanganisira:

• upofu
• matsi
• pfari
• mvura inotenderedza uropi (hydrocephalus)
• kukuvara kwehuropi
• matambudziko ekudzidza

Iyo fungidziro 85 kusvika 90 muzana yevanhu (vacheche nevakuru) vane meningitis nekuda kwebacteria ye meningococcal vanopona. Kutenderedza 11 kusvika 19 muzana ichave nemhedzisiro yenguva refu.

Izvi zvinganzwika sekutyisa, asi isa imwe nzira, vangangoita makumi masere kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana vevanhu vanopora havana mhedzisiro yenguva refu. ICDC inofungidzirwa inofungidzirwa ne meningitis nekuda kwepneumococcus inopona.