Munyori: Tamara Smith
Zuva Rekusika: 23 Ndira 2021
Gadziridza Zuva: 20 Mbudzi 2024
Anonim
Ndeipi njodzi yekuvhiya uye kuongororwa kwepamberi kunoitwa sei? - Utano
Ndeipi njodzi yekuvhiya uye kuongororwa kwepamberi kunoitwa sei? - Utano

Zvemukati

Njodzi yekuvhiya inzira yekuongorora mamiriro emakiriniki uye mamiriro ehutano emunhu anozovhiyiwa, kuitira kuti njodzi dzezvinetso zvionekwe mukati menguva isati yasvika, panguva uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Inoverengerwa kuburikidza nekiriniki yekiriniki yekuongorora uye nechikumbiro cheimwe bvunzo, asi, kuti zviite nyore, kune mamwewo maprotocol anotungamira zvirinani kurapa kwekufunga, senge ASA, Lee uye ACP, semuenzaniso.

Chero chiremba anogona kuita ongororo iyi, asi inowanzoitwa nachiremba wepamoyo, chiremba wezvemwoyo kana anesthetist. Nenzira iyi, zvinokwanisika kuti kumwe kutarisirwa kunotorwa kumunhu wega wega maitiro asati aitwa, sekukumbira bvunzo dzakakodzera kana kuita marapirwo ekuderedza njodzi.

Maitiro ekuongororwa kwepamberi kunoitwa

Kuongororwa kwekurapa kunoitwa pamberi pekuvhiya kwakakosha kuti unyatso tsanangura kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekuvhiya munhu wese aanogona kana asingakwanise kuita, uye kuona kana njodzi dzacho dzichipfuura mabhenefiti. Iko kuongorora kunosanganisira:


1. Kuitisa kuongororwa kwekiriniki

Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoitwa pamwe nekuunganidzwa kwedata pamunhu, senge mishonga iri kushandiswa, zviratidzo, zvirwere zvavanazvo, kuwedzera pakuongorora kwepanyama, senge moyo uye pulmonary auscultation.

Kubva kuongororo yekiriniki, zvinokwanisika kuwana fomu yekutanga yekuisa njodzi, yakagadzirwa neAmerican Society yeAnesthesiologists, inozivikanwa seASA:

  • WING 1: munhu ane hutano, asina systemic hosha, hutachiona kana fivha;
  • WING 2: munhu ane hunyoro systemic chirwere, senge inodzorwa yakakwira BP, inodzorwa chirwere cheshuga, kufutisa, zera rinopfuura makore makumi masere;
  • WING 3: munhu ane chirwere chakakomba asi chisingaremedze chirwere, chakadai sekuripa moyo kutadza, kurwara kwemoyo kweinopfuura mwedzi mitanhatu, angina yemoyo, arrhythmia, cirrhosis, decompensated chirwere cheshuga kana neBP;
  • WING 4: munhu ane hupenyu hunotyisidzira huchiremadza systemic chirwere, senge chakakomba kutadza kwemoyo, chirwere chemwoyo kwemwedzi isingasviki mwedzi mitanhatu, mapapu, chiropa uye itsvo kutadza;
  • WING 5: munhu anorwara zvakaipisisa, pasina tarisiro yekurarama kweanopfuura maawa makumi maviri nemana, sepashure petsaona;
  • WING 6: munhu ane akaonekwa kufa kwehuropi, ndiani anozovhiyiwa mupiro wenhengo.

Iyo yakakwira iyo nhamba yeASA kusarudzika, iyo yakanyanya njodzi yekufa uye kunetseka kubva pakuvhiyiwa, uye munhu anofanirwa kuongorora nemhando ipi yekuvhiya kungave kwakakosha uye kunobatsira kumunhu.


2. Kuongorora kwerudzi rwekuvhiya

Kunzwisisa mhando yemaitiro ekuvhiya anozoitwa kwakakoshawo, nekuti zvakanyanya kuvhiringidza uye kudya nguva kuvhiya, zvinowedzera njodzi dzingatambudzwa nemunhu uye kuchengetwa kunofanirwa kutorwa.

Nekudaro, mhando dzekuvhiya dzinogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nenjodzi yematambudziko emwoyo, akadai se:

Njodzi yakadereraNjodzi yepakatiYakanyanya Njodzi

Endoscopic nzira, senge endoscopy, colonoscopy;

Kuvhiya kwepamusoro, kwakadai seganda, chipfuva, maziso.

Kuvhiya chipfuva, dumbu kana prostate;

Kuvhiyiwa musoro kana mutsipa;

Kuvhiya kwemaOrthopedic, senge mushure mekutyorwa;

Kugadziriswa kwemudumbu aortic aneurysms kana kubviswa kwecarotid thrombi.

Kuvhiya kukuru kwekukurumidzira.

Kuvhiya kwemitsipa mikuru yeropa, senge aorta kana carotid arteri, semuenzaniso.

3. Kuongororwa kwenjodzi yemoyo

Kune mamwe maalgorithms anonyanya kuyera njodzi yematambudziko uye kufa mukuvhiya kusiri kwemoyo, kana uchiongorora mamiriro emakiriniki emunhu uye nemimwe miedzo.


Mimwe mienzaniso yealgorithms anoshandiswa ndeayo Goldman's Moyo Njodzi Index, Lee's Revised Moyo Njodzi Index ndiyo Algorithm ye American Koreji yeCardiology (ACP), Semuyenzaniso. Kuti vaone njodzi, ivo vanofunga imwe data yemunhu, senge:

  • Zera, ndiani ari panjodzi inopfuura makore makumi manomwe ekuberekwa;
  • Nhoroondo ye myocardial infarction;
  • Nhoroondo yekutambudzika kwepfupa kana angina;
  • Kuvapo kwe arrhythmia kana kudzikira kwemidziyo;
  • Ropa rakaderera oxygenation;
  • Kuvapo kwechirwere cheshuga;
  • Kuvapo kwekutadza kwemoyo;
  • Kuvapo kwemapapu edema;
  • Rudzi rwekuvhiya.

Kubva pane data rakawanikwa, zvinokwanisika kuona njodzi yekuvhiya. Nekudaro, kana iri yakaderera, zvinokwanisika kuburitsa kuvhiya, nekuti kana njodzi yekuvhiya iri pakati nepakati kusvika kumusoro, chiremba anogona kupa nhungamiro, kugadzirisa rudzi rwekuvhiya kana kukumbira mimwe miedzo inobatsira kuongorora zvirinani njodzi yemunhu yekuvhiya.

4. Kuitisa bvunzo dzakakosha

Miedzo yepamberi inofanirwa kuitwa nechinangwa chekuferefeta chero shanduko, kana paine fungidziro, izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kuchinetso chekuvhiya. Naizvozvo, bvunzo dzakafanana hadzifanirwe kurairwa kune wese munhu, sezvo pasina humbowo hwekuti izvi zvinobatsira kudzikisira matambudziko. Semuenzaniso, muvanhu vasina zviratidzo, vane njodzi yekuvhiya yakaderera uye ndiani anozovhiyiwa zvine njodzi shoma, hazvidiwe kuita bvunzo.

Nekudaro, mamwe ebvunzo anonyanya kukumbirwa uye akakurudzirwa ndeaya:

  • Kuverenga kweropa: vanhu vanovhiyiwa vepakati kana vane njodzi huru, vane nhoroondo yekushaya ropa, nekufungirana kwazvino kana nezvirwere zvinogona kukonzera shanduko mumasero eropa;
  • Coagulation bvunzo: vanhu vanoshandisa anticoagulants, kutadza kwechiropa, nhoroondo yezvirwere zvinokonzeresa kubuda ropa, kwepakati kana kuvhiyiwa kwakanyanya;
  • Creatinine muyero: vanhu vane chirwere cheitsvo, chirwere cheshuga, BP, chirwere chechiropa, kutadza kwemoyo;
  • X-ray yechifuva: vanhu vane hosha dzakadai semphysema, chirwere chemwoyo, vakura kupfuura makore makumi matanhatu, vanhu vari panjodzi huru yemoyo, vane zvirwere zvakawanda kana vanozovhiyiwa pachipfuva kana padumbu;
  • Electrocardiogram: vanhu vane fungidziro yechirwere chemoyo, nhoroondo yekurwadziwa kwepfupa uye vane chirwere cheshuga.

Kazhinji, bvunzo idzi dzinoshanda kwemwedzi gumi nemaviri, pasina chikonzero chekudzokorora panguva ino, zvisinei, mune dzimwe nguva, chiremba anogona kuona zvakakodzera kudzidzokorora zvisati zvaitika. Uye zvakare, vamwe vanachiremba vanogona zvakare kuona zvakakosha kukodha bvunzo idzi kunyangwe kune vanhu vasina kufungidzirwa shanduko.

Mimwe bvunzo, senge bvunzo yekushushikana, echocardiogram kana holter, semuenzaniso, inogona kurairwa kune mamwe marudzi akaomarara ekuvhiya kana kune vanhu vane fungidziro yechirwere chemwoyo.

5. Kugadzira preoperative kugadzirisa

Mushure mekuita bvunzo uye bvunzo, chiremba anogona kuronga kuvhiya, kana zvese zvanaka, kana anogona kupa nhungamiro kuitira kuti njodzi yematambudziko mukuvhiya ideredzwe zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Nenzira iyoyo, anokwanisa kukurudzira kuita mimwe miedzo yakatarwa, kugadzirisa dosi kana kuunza imwe mishonga, kuongorora kukosha kwekugadziriswa kwemoyo, kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa kwemoyo, semuenzaniso, kutungamira chiitiko chemuviri, kuonda kana kumira kuputa, pakati pevamwe .

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