Digestive system: mabasa, nhengo uye dhayeti

Zvemukati

• Nhengo dzegadziriro yekugaya
• Kugaya kunoita sei
• 1. Kuzeya mune oropharyngeal mhango
• 2. Kugaya mudumbu
• 3. Kugaya mumatumbo mudiki
• Chii chinogona kukanganisa kugaya

Iyo yekugaya sisitimu, inonziwo yekugaya kana gastro-ura (SGI) ndeimwe yeakanyanya masisitimu emuviri wemunhu uye inoitisa kugadziriswa kwechikafu uye kunwiwa kwezvinovaka muviri, ichibvumira kushanda kwakakodzera kwemuviri. Iyi sisitimu inoumbwa nemitumbi yakati wandei, inoshanda pamwe chete kuti iite zvinotevera zvinotevera mabasa:

• Kurudzira kugaya kwemapurotini, makabhohaidhiretsi uye lipid muzvikafu nezvinwiwa zvinwiwa;
• Inotora mvura uye micronutrients;
• Ipa chipingamupinyi chemuviri uye chekuzvidzivirira kuzvirwere kumatokisi, miviri yekunze uye maantigen anodyiwa nechikafu.

Nekudaro, iyo SGI inoona nezve kudzora metabolism uye immune system, kuitira kuchengetedza kushanda kwakanaka kweiyo muviri.

Nhengo dzegadziriro yekugaya

Iyo yekugaya sisitimu inoumbwa nenhengo dzinobvumidza kuitiswa kwechikafu chakamwiwa kana chinwiwa uye, munzira, kunwa kwezvakakosha zvinovaka muviri kuitira kushanda kwakanaka kweiyo muviri. Iyi sisitimu inotambanuka kubva pamuromo kuenda kune anus, nenhengo dzayo dzinoumbwa:

1. Muromo: ane chekuita nekutambira chikafu uye kudzikisa saizi yezvimedu kuitira kuti zvigone kugayiwa uye kunyudzwa zviri nyore, pamusoro pekusanganisa nemate;
2. Esophagus: ane chekuita nekutakura chikafu uye zvinwiwa kubva mukanwa mhango kuenda mudumbu;
3. Dumbu: inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi uye kugaya kwechikafu chakadyiwa;
4. Utumbo hudiki: inokonzeresa kugaya uye kudyiwa kwechikafu uye inogamuchira secretions kubva mupancreas nechiropa, zvinobatsira maitiro aya;
5. Hura ura: ndiko kunwa kwemvura nemaelectrolyte kunoitika. Nhengo iyi inoonawo nezvekuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi zvigadzirwa zvekugaya izvo zvinoshanda senzira yekubatira kwehutachiona hwemamwe mavitamini.
6. Rectum uye anus: vane basa rekudzivirira defecation.

Kuwedzera kune nhengo, iyo yekugaya sisitimu ine enzyme dzinoverengeka dzinovimbisa chaiyo kugaya kwekudya, makuru acho ari:

• Salivary amylase, kana ptialina, iyo iripo mumuromo uye inokonzeresa kugaya kwekutanga kwesitashi;
• Pepsin, inova ndiyo enzyme huru mudumbu uye inokonzeresa kuparara kwemapuroteni;
• Lipase, iyo iripowo mudumbu uye inosimudzira iyo yekutanga kugaya kwe lipids. Iyi enzyme yakavigwawo nepancreas uye inoita basa rimwe chete;
• Trypsin, iyo inowanikwa mudumbu dumbu uye inotungamira mukuparara kwemafuta acids uye glycerol.

Zvizhinji zvezvinovaka muviri hazvigone kunyururwa mune yavo yakasikwa fomu nekuda kwehukuru hwayo kana nenyaya yekuti haina kusimba. Nekudaro, iyo yekugaya sisitimu inoitisa shanduko yezvidimbu zvihombe kuita zvidiki, zvakasungunuka zvidimbu zvinokwanisa kupinza nekukasira, izvo zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwema enzymes akati wandei ekugaya.

Kugaya kunoita sei

Iyo yekugaya nzira inotanga nekumwa kwechikafu kana chinwiwa uye inopera nekuburitswa kwetsvina. Kugaya kwemakabohydrate kunotanga mumuromo, kunyangwe kugaya kuri kushoma, nepo kugaya kwemapuroteni uye lipids kunotanga mudumbu. Mazhinji kugaya kwemakabohydrate, mapuroteni nemafuta zvinoitika muchikamu chekutanga chemuura mudiki.

Iyo nguva yekuzeya kwechikafu inosiyana zvinoenderana nehoriyamu yakazara uye hunhu hwechikafu chakadyiwa, uye inogona kutora kusvika kumaawa gumi nemaviri pakudya kwese, semuenzaniso.

1. Kuzeya mune oropharyngeal mhango

Mumuromo, mazino anokuya nekupwanya chikafu chinodyiwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki uye keke rechikafu rakagadzirwa rakanyoroveswa nemate. Uye zvakare, kune kusunungurwa kweiyo enzyme yekugaya, salivary amylase kana ptialin, iyo inotangisa kugaya kweiyo starch iyo inogadzira makabhohaidhiretsi. Kugaya kwetashi mumuromo nekuita kweamylase kushoma uye chiitiko chayo chinodzivirirwa mudumbu nekuda kwekuvapo kwezvinhu zvine acid.

Iyo bolus inopfuura nepakati peharynx, pasi pekuzvidira kudzora, uye iyo ezophagus, iri pasi pekusazvibata kutonga, inosvika mudumbu, uko inosanganiswa neyegastric secretions.

2. Kugaya mudumbu

Mudumbu, zvakavanzika zvinogadzirwa zvakapfuma muhydrochloric acid uye enzymes uye zvinosanganiswa nechikafu. Mukuvapo kwechikafu mudumbu, pepsin, inova imwe yemakemikari aripo mudumbu, yakavanzwa mune yayo isingashande fomu (pepsinogen) uye inoshandurwa kuita pepsin nekuita kwehydrochloric acid. Iyi enzyme inoita chinzvimbo chakakosha muchirongwa cheprotein kugaya, ichichinja chimiro uye saizi. Pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwe pepsin, kune zvakare kugadzirwa, kune zvishoma, lipase, inova enzyme inokonzeresa kudzikisira kwekutanga kwe lipids.

Zvibereko zvegastric zvakare zvakakosha kuwedzera ura kuwanikwa uye kunwa kwevhitamini B12, calcium, iron uye zinc.

Mushure mekugadzirisa chikafu kuburikidza nedumbu, iyo bolus inoburitswa muhuwandu hushoma mudumbu diki zvinoenderana nezvidzvinyiriri zvemudumbu. Panyaya yekumwa kwemvura, gastric kurasa kunotora kwakatenderedza 1 kusvika 2 maawa, nepo pakudya kwakasimba kunogara kwemaawa maviri kusvika matatu uye kunosiyana zvichienderana nehoriyamu yakazara uye hunhu hwechikafu chakamedzwa

3. Kugaya mumatumbo mudiki

Iyo dumbu ura ndiyo nhengo huru yekugaya uye kunwa kwekudya uye zvinovaka muviri uye yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: duodenum, jejunum uye ileum. Muchikamu chekutanga chemukati mudumbu, kugaya uye kumedza kweakawanda ezvikafu zvinodyiwa zvinoitika nekuda kwekusimudzira kwekugadzira enzyme netumbo diki, rwatata uye nduru.

Biri rakavanzika nechiropa uye nduru uye rinofambisa kugaya uye kunwa kwe lipids, cholesterol uye mavhitamini ane mafuta. Iyo pancreas ine basa rekuviga ma enzymes ayo anokwanisa kugaya ese makuru makuru zvinovaka muviri. Enzymes inogadzirwa neiyo dumbu ura inoderedza makabhohaidhiretsi ezasi mamorekuru uremu uye peptides epakati nepakakura saizi, kuwedzera kune triglycerides iyo yakashatiswa kuita emahara fatty acids uye monoglycerols.

Yakawanda nzira yekugaya inopedzwa mu duodenum uye chikamu chepamusoro chejejunum, uye kunwiwa kwezvakawanda zvinovaka muviri kunenge kwapera panguva iyo zvinhu zvacho zvasvika pakati pejejunum. Kupinda kwezvikafu zvakagayirwa zvishoma zvinomutsa kuburitswa kwemahormone akati wandei uye, nekudaro, enzyme uye zvinwiwa zvinokanganisa utumbo motility uye kuguta.

Mukati medumbu diki rinenge rese macronutrients, mavitamini, zvicherwa, zvisaririra zvinhu uye zvinwiwa zvinonwiwa zvisati zvasvika kukoni. Iyo colon uye rectum inotora yakawanda yemvura yakasara kubva mudumbu diki. Iyo colon inobata ma electrolyte uye hushoma hushoma hwezvakasara zvinovaka.

Iyo yakasara tambo, inoshingirira sitachi, shuga uye amino acids inoviriswa nebrashi muganho wekoloni, zvichikonzera ipfupi cheni yemafuta acids uye gasi. Pfupi-cheni mafuta acids anobatsira kuchengetedza zvakajairwa mucosal basa, kuburitsa shoma simba kubva kune mamwe akasara macarhydrate nemaamino acids, uye kufambisa kunwa kwemunyu nemvura.

Izvo zvemukati zvemukati zvinotora maawa matatu kusvika masere kuti usvike kune ileocecal vharuvhu, iyo inoshanda kudzikamisa huwandu hwenzvimbo yemukati inopfuura kubva mudumbu diki kuenda kukoni uye inodzivirira kudzoka kwayo.

Chii chinogona kukanganisa kugaya

Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinogona kudzivirira kugaya kuti kuitwe nemazvo, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro kuhutano hwemunhu. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kugaya ndezvi:

• Huwandu uye kuumbwa kwechikafu chakadyiwa, izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvinoenderana nehunhu hwechikafu, maitiro ekugaya anogona kukurumidza kana kunonoka, ayo anogona kukanganisa manzwiro ekuguta, semuenzaniso.
• Mafungiro ezvepfungwa, sekuonekwa, hwema uye kuravira kwechikafu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti aya manzwiro anowedzera kugadzirwa kwemate uye zvakavanzika kubva mudumbu, pamusoro pekufarira chiitiko chetsandanyama cheSGI, zvichikonzera chikafu kusagayiwa zvakanaka uye kupinza. Panyaya yekusagadzikana manzwiro, sekutya uye kusuwa, semuenzaniso, zvinodzokororwa zvinoitika: pane kuderera mukuburitswa kwegastric secretions pamwe nekudzikiswa kwe peristaltic ura kufamba;
• Kugaya microbiota, iyo inogona kutambura kupindirwa nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemishonga senge maantibayoti, inokonzeresa kusagadzikana kwebhakitiriya, kana kumamiriro ezvinhu anotungamira mukudzikira mukugadzirwa kwehydrochloric acid nedumbu, izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa gastritis.
• Kugadzirwa kwechikafu, sezvo mashandisirwo echikafu anogona kupindira nekumhanyisa kwekugaya. Chikafu chakabikwa chinowanzo gayiwa nekukurumidza kupfuura icho chinodyiwa chisina kubikwa, semuenzaniso.

Kana iwe ukaona chero zviratidzo zvine chekuita nemudumbu, senge yakawandisa gasi, chirungurira, kunzwa kwekuzvimba mudumbu, kuzvimbirwa kana manyoka, semuenzaniso, zvakakosha kuenda kuna gastroenterologist kunoitwa bvunzo kuitira kuti uone chinokonzeresa zviratidzo uye kutanga kurapa kwakanyanya.