Matambudziko ehutachiona akajairika uye maitiro ekuziva

Zvemukati

• 1. Hyperthyroidism kana Hypothyroidism
• 2. Thyroiditis - Kuzvimba kweiyo thyroid
• 3. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• 4. Postpartum thyroiditis
• 5. Goiter
• 6. Hosha yemakuva
• 7. Hosha yegonyeti
• 8. Gomarara redundira
• Maitiro ekuziva matambudziko ehutachiona

Utachiona igland iri mune yepamberi chikamu chemutsipa, ine basa rakakosha mukubatsira kudzora metabolism uye chiyero cheiyo muviri, ichienderana nekushanda chaiko kwemoyo, huropi, chiropa neitsvo. Uye zvakare, iyo utachiona inokanganisa kukura, kuenda kumwedzi, kubereka, huremu uye mamiriro emanzwiro.

Izvi zvinogoneka nekuti utachiona hunoburitsa mahormone T3 uye T4 muropa, ichikwanisa kupararira mumuviri wese. Utachiona hunodzorwa nepituitary gland, imwe gland iri muuropi iyo, zvakare, inodzorwa nenharaunda yehuropi inonzi hypothalamus. Naizvozvo, shanduko mune chero eaya matunhu inogona kukonzera matambudziko uye zviratidzo zvine chekuita neiyo thyroid.

Utachiona kusashanda kunogona kuitika nekuda kwematambudziko akati wandei, uye ongororo yechiremba chete ndiyo inogona kusiyanisa nekuvasimbisa, zvisinei, heano mamwe eakajairika.

1. Hyperthyroidism kana Hypothyroidism

Hypo uye hyperthyroidism ndidzo hosha dzinokonzerwa neshanduko mumazinga ehormone akavanzwa nehutachiona, uye inogona kuve necgenital, autoimmune, yekuzvimba kana yechipiri zvikonzero kune zvimwe zvirwere kana mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro, semuenzaniso.

Kazhinji, mu hyperthyroidism pane kuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwehomoni T3 uye T4 uye kuderera kweTSH, nepo mu hypothyroidism pane kuderera muT3 uye T4 nekuwedzera kweTSH, zvisinei, panogona kuve nekusiyana zvichienderana nechikonzero. .

Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvezviratidzo zvinoratidza izvi zvirwere, tarisa zviratidzo zvinoratidza zvinetso zvetachiona.

2. Thyroiditis - Kuzvimba kweiyo thyroid

Thyroiditis iko kuzvimba kweiyo thyroid, izvo zvinogona kuitika pazvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana zvinosanganisira hutachiona hutachiona, senge coxsackievirus, adenovirus uye mamota uye gwirikwiti hutachiona, autoimmunity, kana kudhakwa nemamwe madhiragi, akadai amiodarone, semuenzaniso.

Thyroiditis inogona kuzviratidza mune yakaoma, subacute kana isingagumi fomu, uye zviratidzo zvinobva asymptomatic kusvika kune zvakanyanya zviratidzo zvinokonzeresa kurwadziwa kwetachiona, kunetsekana nekumedza, fivha kana kutonhora, semuenzaniso, zvinoenderana nechikonzero. Nzwisisa kuti thyroiditis inoitika sei uye zvikonzero zvacho zvikuru.

3. Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis inzira yechirwere chisingaperi chinokonzera autoimmune thyroiditis, chinokonzeresa kuzvimba, kukuvara kwesero uyezve kukanganisika kwehutachiona basa, iro risingakwanise kuburitsa mahormone akakwana muropa.

Muchirwere ichi utachiona kazhinji hunowedzera kukura, zvichikonzera goiter, uye zviratidzo zvehypothyroidism kana kuchinjika pakati penguva yehyper uye hypothyroidism inogona kunge iripo. Icho chirwere chemuviri chinogadzira antibodies senge anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg), anti-TSH receptor (anti-TSHr). Ona kurapwa nekukanya pano.

4. Postpartum thyroiditis

Postpartum thyroiditis ndeimwe yemhando dze autoimmune thyroiditis, iyo inobata vakadzi kusvika pamwedzi gumi nemaviri mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana, ichiwanzoitika kune vakadzi vane chirwere cheshuga cheshuga kana zvimwe zvirwere zvemuviri.

Panguva yekuzvitakura, mukadzi anowonekera kumatumbu emwana, uye kudzivirira kurambwa, immune system inoitika shanduko dzinoverengeka, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mikana yekukura kwezvirwere zvemuviri. Iyi shanduko inowanzo kuratidzwa nezviratidzo zvehypothyroidism, asi haigare ichida kurapwa nekuti utachiona basa rinogona kudzokera kune zvakajairwa mumwedzi mitanhatu kusvika gumi nemiviri.

5. Goiter

Goiter kuwedzera kwehukuru hwehutachiona. Inogona kuve nezvikonzero zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira kushayikwa iodine, kuzvimba kweiyo thyroid nekuda kwezvirwere zve autoimmune kana kuumbwa kwematinji muhutachiona, uye zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo sekusunga muhuro, kunetseka kumedza, kuora, kukosora uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko yakaoma, kunyange kuoma kufema.

Kurapa kwayo kunosiyana zvichienderana nechikonzero, uye kunogona kuve nekushandisa iodine, mishonga yehyper kana hypothyroidism kana, mune zviitiko zvemaqhune uye ma cyst, kunyangwe iko kuita kwehutachiona kuvhiyiwa. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve chinonzi goiter, maitiro ekuchiona nekuchibata.

6. Hosha yemakuva

Chirwere cheGraves chimiro chehyperthyroidism nekuda kwezvikonzero zve autoimmune, uye nekuwedzera kune zviratidzo zvehyperthyroidism, inogona kuratidza utachiona hwakawedzera, maziso anobuda (palpebral retraction), kuumbwa kwemapepa akaomeswa uye akatsvuka pasi peganda (myxedema).

Kurapa kunoitwa pamwe nekudzora kwehomoni mahormone, nemishonga yakadai saPropiltiouracil kana Metimazole, semuenzaniso, kana iodhini ine radioactive.Ona zvimwe zvakawanda nezve zviratidzo uye kurapwa kwechirwere ichi pano.

7. Hosha yegonyeti

Chikonzero chekuonekwa kwecyst kana nodule muhutachiona hachiwanzo kuwanikwa. Kune mhando dzinoverengeka dzemanyowa muhutachiona, uye nerombo rakanaka mazhinji acho ane hutano, uye anogona kuratidza kuburikidza nebundu mukati mekunze kwemutsipa, risingakonzere kurwadziwa, asi rinogona kuoneka kana munhu achimedza chikafu, muenzaniso.

Inogona kuzivikanwa neparpation, uye bvunzo dzakadai seultrasound, tomography uye thyroid scintigraphy, uye dzimwe nguva chiremba anogona kuraira biopsy kuti awane mhando yayo uye kana iri benign kana yakaipa. Kazhinji, iro chete nodule rinotariswa, kunze kwekunge munhu aine zviratidzo, kana paine njodzi yekenza yehutachiona kana kana nodule ichichinja kutaridzika kwayo kana kukura kupfuura 1 cm. Ona zvimwe zvakawanda nekudzvanya apa.

8. Gomarara redundira

Iyo ndiyo yakaipa utachiona bundu, uye kana ikawanikwa, kuyedzwa, senge muviri wese scintigraphy, inofanirwa kuitwa kuti uone kana zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvakakanganiswa. Mushonga unoitwa nekubviswa kweiyo thyroid kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa, uye panogona kuve nekudikanwa kwemamwe marapirwo ekuwedzera akadai sekushandisa radioactive iodine, semuenzaniso. Mune zviitiko zveakanyanya uye ane hukasha mamota, radiotherapy inogona zvakare kushandiswa. Ona zviratidzo zvinomwe zvinogona kuratidza cancer yekenza.

Uyezve tarisa vhidhiyo inotevera uye dzidza chikafu chekudya panguva yekenza yekenza kurapwa.

Maitiro ekuziva matambudziko ehutachiona

Iyo bvunzo dzinogona kuratidza kuvepo kwehutachiona shanduko kuyerwa kweT3, T4 uye TSH muropa, kuwedzera kune mamwe akadai seyero yeantibody, ultrasound, scintigraphy kana biopsy, iyo inogona kurairwa nachiremba endocrinologist kuti aongorore zviri nani chikonzero yeshanduko. Dzidza zvakawanda nezve bvunzo dzinoongorora utachiona.