Titanium Dioxide muKudya - Unofanirwa Kunetseka?

Zvemukati

• Zvishandiso uye mabhenefiti
• Chikafu chemhando
• Kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye kurongedza
• Zvizoro
• Ngozi
• Boka 2B carcinogen
• Kubvisa
• Kuunganidza muviri
• Uturu
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa
• Unofanira kuidzivisa here?
• Chinokosha

Kubva pane dhayi kusvika kunhuhwirira, vanhu vazhinji vari kuramba vachiwedzera kuziva izvo zvinosanganiswa muzvikafu zvavo.

Imwe yeanoshandiswa zvakanyanya chikafu pigments ndeye titanium dioxide, hupfu husina hwema hunosimudzira chena ruvara kana opacity yezvikafu uye zvinopfuura-zvekaunda zvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira kofi kirimu, macandi, sunscreen, uye mushonga wemazino (,).

Misiyano yetitanium yakasviba inowedzerwa kusimudzira kuchena kwependi, mapurasitiki, uye zvigadzirwa zvemapepa, kunyange izvi zvisiyana zvakasiyana nezvikafu-giredhi izvo zvinoshandiswa muchikafu (,).

Zvakadaro, unogona kushamisika kana yakachengeteka kudyiwa.

Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora mashandisiro, mabhenefiti, uye chengetedzo ye titanium dioxide.

Zvishandiso uye mabhenefiti

Titanium yakasviba ine zvinangwa zvakawanda mune zvese chikafu uye chigadzirwa chigadzirwa.

Chikafu chemhando

Nekuda kwekupararira kwayo kwechiedza, zvidiki zvidiki zve titanium dioxide zvinowedzerwa kune zvimwe zvekudya kusimudzira iwo chena ruvara kana opacity (,).

Yakawanda yezvikafu-giredhi titanium yakasviba yakatenderedza 200-300 nanometer (nm) dhayamita. Uku kukura kunotendera kuti mwenje upararire, zvichikonzera rakanakisa ruvara ().

Kuti iwedzerwe kuchikafu, ichi chinowedzera chinofanira kuwana 99% kuchena. Nekudaro, izvi zvinosiya kamuri yezvishoma zvingangoita zvinosvibisa senge lead, arsenic, kana mercury ().

Zvikafu zvakajairika zvine titanium dioxide kutsenga chingamu, zviwitsi, mapheka, machokoreti, macream cream, uye makeke ekushongedza (,).

Kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye kurongedza

Titanium yakasviba inowedzerwa kune chimwe chikafu kurongedza kuchengetedza pasherefu hupenyu hwechigadzirwa.

Kavha ine ichi chinowedzera yakaratidzirwa kudzikisa kugadzirwa kweethylene muzvibereko, nekudaro kunonoka kuibva uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesherufu ().

Uyezve, kurongedza uku kwakaratidzirwa kuve kune zvese zviri zviviri antibacterial uye photocatalytic chiitiko, chekupedzisira icho chinoderedza ultraviolet (UV) kuratidzwa ().

Zvizoro

Titanium yakasviba inoshandiswa zvakanyanya seyekuwedzera-ruvara muzvishongedzo uye nepamusoro-pekutengesa zvigadzirwa semiromo, sunscreens, mushonga wemazino, makirimu uye mapoda. Iyo inowanzo kuwanikwa se nano-titanium dioxide, iri diki kwazvo kupfuura yechikafu-giredhi vhezheni ().

Inonyanya kubatsira muscreen yezuva sezvo iine UV inopikisa uye inodzivirira mwenje wezuva weUVA uye UVB kuti usvike paganda rako ().

Zvisinei, sezvo iri photosensitive - zvichireva kuti inogona kukurudzira yemahara radical kugadzirwa - inowanzo kuvharwa musilika kana alumina kudzivirira zvinogona kuitika sero kukuvara pasina kudzikisira UV-inodzivirira zvivakwa ().

Kunyangwe hazvo zvipodaidzo zvisina kuitirwa kuti zvishandiswe, pane zvinonetsa kuti titanium yakasviba mumuromo nemushonga wemazino unogona kumedzwa kana kupinzwa kuburikidza neganda.

Nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuratidza-mwenje kugona, titanium dioxide inoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvekudya uye zvigadzirwa zvekuzora kusimudzira yavo chena uye kuvharisa mwaranzi yeultraviolet.

Ngozi

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kunetsekana nezve njodzi dzekushandisa titanium dioxide kwakura.

Boka 2B carcinogen

Chikafu neDrug Administration (FDA) inoronga titanium dioxide seGenerally Inozivikanwa seChengetedzeka (7).

Izvo zvakati, iyo International Agency for Research pamusoro peCancer (IARC) yakazvinyora seboka 2B carcinogen - mumiriri anogona kunge ari eccinogenic asi asina mhuka yakakwana uye nekutsvaga kwevanhu. Izvi zvakakonzera kunetsekana kwekuchengeteka kwayo muzvigadzirwa zvekudya (8, 9).

Kurongwa uku kwakapihwa, sekumwe kuongorora kwezvipfuyo kwakaona kuti kufema titanium dioxide guruva kunogona kukonzera kukura kwemamota emapapu. Zvisinei, IARC yakagumisa kuti zvigadzirwa zvekudya zvine ichi chinowedzera haziise njodzi iyi (8).

Naizvozvo, nhasi, ivo vanongokurudzira kudzora titanium yakasviba inhalation mumaindasitiri ane kwakanyanya kubuda guruva, senge kugadzirwa kwemapepa (8).

Kubvisa

Iko kune kumwe kunetsekana maererano neganda uye ura kunyura kwe titanium dioxide nanoparticles, ayo ari pasi pe100 nm muhupamhi.

Imwe diki diki yekuyedza-chubhu tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti aya nanoparticles anofinhwa nematumbu emukati uye anogona kutungamira kune oxidative kusagadzikana uye gomarara kukura. Nekudaro, kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakawana kushomeka kune pasina zvinokanganisa (,,).

Uyezve, ongororo ye2019 yakaratidza kuti chikafu-giredhi titanium dioxide yaive hombe uye kwete nanoparticles. Nekudaro, vanyori vakapedzisa kuti chero titanium yakasviba muchikafu inonwiwa zvisina tsarukano, isingaise njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu ().

Chekupedzisira, kutsvagurudza kwakaratidza kuti titanium yakasviba nanoparticles haipfuure yekutanga rukanda rweganda - iyo stratum corneum - uye haisi carcinogenic (,).

Kuunganidza muviri

Kumwe kutsvagurudza mumakonzo kwakacherekedza titanium yakasviba kuunganidzwa muchiropa, spleen, uye itsvo. Izvo zvakati, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoshandisa madhizaini akakwirira kupfuura izvo iwe zvaungagone kudya, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuziva kana izvi zvikaitika muvanhu ().

Ongororo ya2016 neEuropean Food Safety Authority yakagumisa kuti titanium dioxide yekumwa yakanyanya kuderera uye chero chinhu chakabatwa chakanyanya kuburitswa kuburikidza netsvina (14).

Nekudaro, ivo vakaona kuti zvidiki zvidiki zve0.01% zvakabatwa nemaseru ekudzivirira - anozivikanwa sematumbo-anosanganisira matumbu e-lymphoid - uye anogona kuendeswa kune dzimwe nhengo. Parizvino, hazvizivikanwe kuti izvi zvinokanganisa sei hutano hwevanhu (14).

Kunyangwe ongororo zhinji kusvika parizvino dzichiratidza kuti hapana zvinokuvadza zvekushandisa titanium dioxide, mashoma zvidzidzo zvevanhu zvenguva refu zviripo. Naizvozvo, kumwe kutsvagurudza kunodiwa kuti unzwisise zvirinani basa rayo muhutano hwevanhu (,).

Titanium yakasviba inorondedzerwa seBoka 2B carcinogen sezvo zvidzidzo zvemhuka zvakabatanidza kufema kwayo nekukura kwemapapu kukura. Nekudaro, hapana tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti titanium yakasviba mune chikafu inokuvadza hutano hwako.

Uturu

MuUnited States, zvigadzirwa hazvingagone kudarika 1% titanium yakasviba pahuremu, uye nekuda kwekugona kwayo kwekuparadzira mwenje, vagadziri vechikafu vanongoda kushandisa zvidiki diki kuti vawane mhedzisiro inodiwa ().

Vana vari pasi pezera regumi vanodya zvakanyanya izvi zvekuwedzera, paine avhareji ye0.08 mg paundi (0.18 mg pa kg) yehuremu hwemuviri pazuva.

Saizvozvowo, avhareji mukuru anodya akatenderedza 0.05 mg paundi (0.1 mg pa kg) pazuva, kunyange hazvo nhamba idzi dzichisiyana (, 14).

Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekudyiwa kwepamusoro kwemakeke nemakese nevana, pamwe nehukuru hwavo hwemuviri ().

Nekuda kwekutsvaga kushoma kunowanikwa, hapana Chinogamuchirwa Chemazuva Ose (ADI) che titanium dioxide. Zvisinei, kuongororwa kwakadzama neEuropean Food Safety Authority hakuna kuwana migumisiro yakaipa mumakonzo anodya 1,023 mg paundi (2,250 mg pa kg) pazuva (14).

Zvakadaro, kumwe kutsvagurudza kwevanhu kunodiwa.

Vana vanodya yakanyanya titanium dioxide nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo mumakeke nemabheka. Kumwe kutsvagurudza kunodiwa pasati pagadzwa ADI.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa

Iko kune kushomeka kutsvagisa pamusoro pemhedzisiro ye titanium dioxide, uye zvinowanzoenderana nenzira yekuwana (,,):

• Kunwa nemuromo. Iko hakuna kuzivikanwa mhedzisiro.
• Maziso. Iyo kemikari inogona kukonzera kutsamwa kudiki.
• Kufema. Kufema mu titanium dioxide guruva kwakabatanidzwa nekenza yemapapu muzvidzidzo zvemhuka.
• Ganda. Zvinogona kukonzera kutsamwa kudiki.

Mazhinji mhedzisiro ane chekuita nekufemerwa kwe titanium dioxide guruva. Naizvozvo, pane zviyero zveindasitiri munzvimbo yekudzikisira kuburitswa ().

Iko hakuna kuzivikanwa mhedzisiro yekushandisa titanium dioxide. Nekudaro, zvidzidzo zvemhuka zvinoratidza kuti inhalation yeguruva rayo inogona kuve yakabatana nekenza yemapapu.

Unofanira kuidzivisa here?

Parizvino, titanium yakasviba inoonekwa yakachengeteka kuti ishandiswe.

Yakawanda ongororo inopedzisa kuti huwandu hunodyiwa kubva muchikafu hwakadzikira zvekuti hahuise njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu (,,, 14).

Nekudaro, kana iwe uchiri kuda kudzivirira ichi chinowedzera, ita shuwa kuti uverenge zvekudya uye zvekunwa zvinyorwa zvakanyatsonaka. Kutsenga chingamu, mapundu, zviwitsi, kirimu kirimu, uye kushongedzwa kwekeke ndizvo zvakanyanya kudya zvine titanium dioxide.

Ramba uchifunga kuti panogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dzekutengesa kana mazita akajairika ekomboni iyo vagadziri vanogona kunyora panzvimbo pe "titanium dioxide," saka ive shuwa yekuzvizivisa iwe (17).

Tichifunga nezve titanium dioxide inowanikwa mune zvakanyanya kugadzirwa chikafu, zviri nyore kudzivirira nekusarudza chikafu chese chakazara, chisina kugadzirwa chikafu.

Kunyangwe titanium dioxide inowanzoonekwa seyakachengeteka, iwe ungangoda kuidzivirira. Zvikafu zvakajairika pamwe neinowedzera zvinowedzera kutsenga chingamu, zvikafu, uye makeke ekirimu.

Chinokosha

Titanium yakasviba chinhu chinoshandiswa kuchenesa michero yakawanda yezvikafu mukuwedzera kune zvigadzirwa, pendi, uye zvigadzirwa zvemapepa.

Chikafu chine titanium yakasviba kazhinji macandi, mapundu, chewing chingamu, kirimu creamers, machokoreti, uye makeke ekushongedza.

Kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvekuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka, titanium dioxide inowanzozivikanwa seyakachengeteka neiyo FDA. Uyezve, vanhu vazhinji havashandise zvakaringana kupa chero kukuvara kunogona kuitika.

Kana iwe uchiri kuda kudzivirira titanium dioxide, ita shuwa yekuverenga zvinyorwa zvakanyatsonaka uye kunamatira kune zvishoma zvakagadziriswa chikafu chizere.