Toxoplasmosis: chii icho, kutapurirana, mhando uye maitiro ekudzivirira

Zvemukati

• Maitirwo acho anoitika sei
• Hupenyu hwehupenyu hwe Toxoplasma gondii
• Zviratidzo zvikuru
• Mhando dze toxoplasmosis
• 1. Ocular toxoplasmosis
• 2. Congenital toxoplasmosis
• 3. Cerebrospinal kana meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis
• Kurapwa kunoitwa sei
• Kudzivirira toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, inowanzozivikanwa seye chirwere chekati, chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa neprotozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), Iyo ine katsi seyakagadziriswa inomiririra uye vanhu sevamiririri. Kazhinji yenguva, hutachiona haukonzere zviratidzo, zvisinei kana munhu wacho aine hutachiona hwemuviri, zvinokwanisika kuti zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvehutachiona zviripo uye kune njodzi huru yekukura kwakanyanya mhando dzechirwere.

Chirwere ichi chinotapuriranwa kunyanya nekudya chikafu chakashatiswa nema cyst ehutachiona kana nekubatana netsvina yemakatsi ane hutachiona. Uye zvakare, toxoplasmosis inogona kutapukirwa kubva kuna amai kuenda kumwana, zvisinei izvi zvinongoitika chete kana chirwere chisingawanikwe panguva yekuzvitakura kana kurapwa kusingaitwe nemazvo.

Kunyangwe iyo isingakonzere zviratidzo, zvakakosha kuti toxoplasmosis ionekwe uye inorapwa nemazvo zvinoenderana nerairo yechiremba yekudzivirira matambudziko, sekupofomara, kufenda uye kufa, semuenzaniso.

Maitirwo acho anoitika sei

Toxoplasmosis inogona kutapuriranwa kuburikidza nekudyiwa kwechikafu chisina kugadzirwa uye chisina kuchena, senge nyama mbishi kana isina kubikwa, iyo yakasvibiswa netsvina kubva kumakati ane hutachiona kana kunwa kwemvura yakashatiswa nema cyst.

Kubata nekatsi dzine hutachiona hakuna kukwana kutapurirana kweiyo Toxoplasma gondii, zvinodikanwa kuti munhu abate netsvina dzekatsi idzi kuti hutachiona huitike, nekuti kusvibiswa kwacho kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekufemerwa kana kumedzwa kwechirwere chechirwere chechirwere. Nekudaro, kana uchichenesa katsi yemarara katsi isina matanho ekudzivirira, zvinokwanisika kuti pane kusangana nehutachiona fomu yehutachiona.

Nekuda kwekuti fomu rehutachiona re T. gondii kukwanisa kuramba ichitapukira muvhu kwenguva yakareba, dzimwe mhuka dzakaita sehwai, mombe uye nguruve, semuenzaniso, dzinogona kutapukirwa nehutachiona, hunopinda mumatumbu emukati memhuka idzi.Nekudaro, kana uchidya nyama isina kubikwa, munhu wacho anogona zvakare kusvibiswa ne Toxoplasma gondii. Pamusoro pekudyiwa kwenyama mbishi, kunwiwa kwenyama inopfungairwa kana masoseji asina kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ehutsanana, kana mvura yakasviba inogona zvakare kutariswa senzira dzekutapurira utachiona.

Kutapurirana kwe toxoplasmosis kunogona zvakare kuitika panguva yepamuviri kuburikidza nekupfuura kwechirwere kuburikidza nepacenta. Nekudaro, kutapurirana kunoenderana nemuviri wemukadzi ane pamuviri uye nhanho yepamuviri: kana mukadzi ari mumwedzi wekutanga wepamuviri uye aine hutachiona hwemuviri, pane mukana mukuru wekutapurira chirwere kumwana, zvisinei mhedzisiro yacho inofungidzirwa munyoro. Ona zvimwe nezve toxoplasmosis pakubata.

Hupenyu hwehupenyu hwe Toxoplasma gondii

Mune vanhu iyo T. gondii ine nhanho mbiri dzekushanduka-shanduka, idzo dzinodaidzwa kuti tachyzoite uye bradyzoites, inova iyo shanduko fomu inowanikwa munyama mbishi yemhuka. Vanhu vanogona kuwana hutachiona nekubata ma cysts ehutachiona aripo mutsvina yemakati kana nekudya nyama mbishi kana isina kubikwa ine bradyzoites.

Ose maviri ma cyst uye bradyzoites anoburitsa sporozoites iyo inopinda mukati memasero ematumbo uye inoitwa mutsauko kuita tachyzoites. Aya ma tachyzoite anobereka uye anovhiringidza masero, achikwanisa kupararira mumuviri wese nekupinda mamwe matukisi, achiumba ma cyst ane akati wandei tachyzoite. Mune vakadzi vane nhumbu, mushure mekukanganiswa kwemasero, tachyzoites inogona kuyambuka iyo placenta yosvika kumwana, zvichikonzera hutachiona.

Zviratidzo zvikuru

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, toxoplasmosis haikonzere zviratidzo, zvisinei kana hutachiona hwemunhu hwadzikira zvinokwanisika kuti zviratidzo zvakafanana nezvimwe zvezvirwere zvinotapukira, senge furuwenza nedengue, semuenzaniso, zvinogona kunge zviri izvo zvakakosha:

• Mutauro kuburikidza nemuviri, kunyanya munzvimbo yemutsipa;
• Kupindwa nechando;
• Tsandanyama uye kurwadza kwemajoini;
• Kuneta;
• Kutemwa nemusoro uye huro;
• Mavara matsvuku pamuviri;
• Zvakaoma kuona.

Zviratidzo zvinowoneka kazhinji muvanhu vane immune system isina kusimba, sevaya vane chemotherapy yekenza, avo vachangobva kuisirwa, ndivo vanotakura hutachiona hweHIV, kana mumadzimai anobata hutachiona panguva yepamuviri.

Muzviitiko zvakakomba, toxoplasmosis inogona kukanganisa mashandiro enhengo dzakadai semapapu, moyo, chiropa uye huropi, uye zviratidzo zvechimiro chakakomba zvinowanzo kuneta zvakanyanya, kurara, kunyengera uye kuderera kwesimba uye kufamba kwemuviri. Ziva maitiro ekuziva zviratidzo zvetoxoplasmosis.

Mhando dze toxoplasmosis

O Toxoplasma gondii inogona kupararira kuburikidza neropa, kunyanya kana munhu aine hutachiona husina simba kana kana kurapwa kwehutachiona kusati kwatanga kana kuitwa nemazvo. Nekudaro, hutachiona hunogona kusvika kune imwe kana kupfuura nhengo, zvichipa kumwe kunetseka uye mhedzisiro yehutachiona, senge:

1. Ocular toxoplasmosis

Ocular toxoplasmosis inoitika apo hutachiona hunosvika paziso uye hunokanganisa iro retina, zvichikonzera kuzvimba kunogona kutungamira kuhupofu kana ikasarapwa munguva. Chirwere ichi chinogona kukanganisa maziso ese, uye kukanganisika kwemaonero kunogona kuve kwakasiyana paziso rega rega, nekuderera kwemaonero, kutsvuka uye kurwadziwa muziso.

Uku kusangana kunowanzoitika kuti zviitike nekuda kwehutachiona panguva yekuzvitakura, zvisinei zvinogona zvakare kuitika kune vanhu vane immune system yakanyanya kukanganisa, kunyangwe isingawanzoitika.

2. Congenital toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis mukuzvitakura inokonzera congenital toxoplasmosis, inova iyo iyo mwana atapukirwa nechirwere ichi achiri mudumbu raamai. Toxoplasmosis mukuzvitakura inogona kutungamira kune zvakakomba mhedzisiro, sekukanganisika kwemucheche, huremu hwekuzvarwa, kuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana, kubvisa nhumbu kana kufa kwemwana pakuzvarwa.

Mhedzisiro yemwana inosiyana zvichienderana nezera rekubata pakaitika hutachiona, iine njodzi huru yekukanganiswa apo hutachiona hunoitika padhuze nekuguma kwepamuviri, iine njodzi huru yekuzvimba kwemaziso, jaundice yakasimba, chiropa chakawedzera, kupererwa neropa, shanduko yemoyo, kugwinha uye shanduko yekufema. Uye zvakare, panogona kuve nekuchinja kwetsinga, kudzikira kwepfungwa, matsi, micro kana macrocephaly, semuenzaniso.

3. Cerebrospinal kana meningoencephalic toxoplasmosis

Rudzi urwu rwe toxoplasmosis rwunowanzoitika kune vanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane AIDS uye inowanzoenderana nekumutsiridzwa kwema cysts eAIDS. T. gondii mune vanhu vane hutachiona husingaoneki, ndiko kuti, avo vakaonekwa uye vakarapwa, asi utachiona hahuna kubviswa mumuviri, zvichibvumira kuti uende kune tsinga.

Zviratidzo zvikuru zverudzi urwu rwe toxoplasmosis ndezve musoro, fivha, kurasikirwa kwekufambirana kwemhasuru, kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa, kugwinha uye kuneta kwakanyanya. Kana hutachiona husinga zivikanwe nekurapwa, hunogona kutungamira mukufa pamwe nekufa.

Kurapwa kunoitwa sei

Kurapa kwe toxoplasmosis kunoitwa chete kana munhu aine zviratidzo zvechirwere, nekuti mishonga inoratidzwa inogona kuva ine chepfu painoshandiswa kazhinji. Nekudaro, kurapwa kunongokurudzirwa chete muzviratidzo zvekuratidzira uye mumadzimai ane nhumbu anoonekwa aine chirwere ichi.

Kurapa kwe toxoplasmosis kunofanira kutanga nekukurumidza apo chirwere chinoonekwa, uye kuongororwa kunoitwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweropa kunoratidza kuvepo kwemaIgG ​​uye IgM antibodies mumuviri, ayo anogadzirwa kurwisa protozoan inokonzera chirwere.

Kudzivirira toxoplasmosis

Kudzivirira toxoplasmosis, zvakakosha kutora matanho, senge:

• Shandisa mvura yekunwa, yakasvinwa kana chicherwa;
• Bika nyama zvakanaka uye kudzivirira kudyiwa kwenyama isingawanzo kuwanikwa mumaresitorendi;
• Dzivisa kusangana nekitsi dzisingazivikanwe uye geza maoko ako zvakanaka kana uchibata mhuka dzausingazive;
• Pfeka girovhosi pakuchenesa marara bhokisi uye kuunganidza tsvina yematsi.

Vanhu vane mhuka dzinovaraidza vanofanirwa kuenda nadzo kuna chiremba wemhuka kunovhenekwa kuti zvionekwe toxoplasmosis parasite uye kuita deworm mhuka, kudzivirira hutachiona hunogona kuitika hwetoxoplasmosis nezvimwe zvirwere.