Ndeipi Njodzi yekutapukirwa neHIV? FAQs yeMasanganiswa-Mamiriro Evanhu Vakaroorana

Zvemukati

• HIV inoparadzirwa sei?
• Chii chingaitwe kudzikisa njodzi yekutapurirana panguva yebonde?
• Chii chinonzi kurapwa sekudzivirira (TasP)?
• HPTN 052 kudzidza
• Isingaonekwe = isingachinjiki
• Vanhu vangashandisa sei PrEP kudzivirira Mukondombera?
• Kubudirira
• Vanonyanya kukwikwidza kuPrEP
• Kuwana PrEP
• Ndedzipi dzimwe nzira dzinogona kudzivirira kutapurirwa kweHIV?
• Makondomu
• Antiretroviral therapy inosanganiswa nePrEP
• Vanogona here kusanganisa-chinzvimbo vaviri vaviri vane vana?
• Vanogona-kusanganiswa-chinzvimbo vaviri kuyedza zvakasikwa kubata?
• HIV inogona kutapuriranwa panguva yepamuviri here?
• Ndeapi maonero evanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV nhasi?

Mhedziso

Hukama hwepabonde pakati pevanhu vane hunhu hwakasiyana hweHIV hwakambotariswa zvakanyanya kunge husingabvumirwe Ikozvino kune zvakawanda zviwanikwa zviripo kune yakavhenganiswa-chinzvimbo vakaroora.

Kuti kuderedze njodzi yekutapurirana hutachiwana hweHIV, zvakakosha kuti vese vari vaviri vari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana vatore matanho ekudzivirira.

Antiretroviral therapy, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), uye makondomu anogona kubatsira vese vakaroorana kubata uye kuchengetedza hutano hwavo. Kubvunza kwehunyanzvi kunogona zvakare kuvabatsira kuti vanzwisise sarudzo dzavari kuita dzekuva nevana.

HIV inoparadzirwa sei?

Mukondombera haugone kutapurirwa kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune mumwe kuburikidza nekutsvoda kana nyore kusangana neganda-kuganda, sekumbundirana kana kukwazisana maoko. Asi, hutachiona hunopfuudzwa kuburikidza nehumwe mvura yemumuviri. Izvi zvinosanganisira ropa, urume, uye kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi uye rectal kubuda - asi kwete mate.

Sekureva kwaiye, kuita bonde nekumashure kunobuda nako tsvina pasina kondomu kune mukana wekuti munhu abate Mukondombera kupfuura chero hupombwe. Vanhu vane mukana wakapetwa ka13 wekutapukirwa neHIV panguva yebonde repashure kana vari ivo "wepasi mudikani," kana iye akapinda.

Zvinogonekawo kuti vanhu vabate Mukondombera panguva yepabonde. Ngozi yekutapurirana panguva yekuita bonde nemukanwa yakaderera.

Chii chingaitwe kudzikisa njodzi yekutapurirana panguva yebonde?

Kana vanhu vaine hutachiwana hweHIV muropa ravo, zviri nyore kwavari kuti vatapurire HIV kune vavanobata navo. Mishonga yemaARV inogona kushandiswa kumisa hutachiwana hweHIV kubva mukudzokorora, kana kugadzira makopi ayo muropa.

Nemishonga iyi, vanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV vanogona kuzadzisa nekuchengetedza hutachiona hwehutachiona husingaonekwe. Hutachiona hwehutachiona husingaonekwe hunoitika kana munhu ane hutachiwana hweHIV ane hutachiwana hushoma muropa rake zvekuti haugone kuonekwa nemuyedzo.

Vanhu vane hutachiona husingaoneki "havana njodzi" yekutapurira HIV kune vavanorara navo, sekureva kwe.

Kushandiswa kwemakondomu, pamwe nemishonga yekudzivirira yemudikani pasina HIV, zvinogona zvakare kudzikisa njodzi yekutapurirana.

Chii chinonzi kurapwa sekudzivirira (TasP)?

"Kurapa sekudzivirira" (TasP) izwi rinotsanangura kushandiswa kweantiretroviral therapy kudzivirira kutapurirana kweHIV.

AIDSinfo, basa reU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, rinokurudzira kuti vanhu vese vane HIV vawane mishonga yemaARV.

Zvakakosha kutanga mishonga yemaARV nekukurumidza sezvinobvira mushure mekuongororwa. Kurapwa kwekutanga kunogona kudzikisa njodzi yemunhu yekutapurira utachiona hweHIV pamwe nekuderedza mikana yake yekukura nhanho yeHIV, inozivikanwa seAIDS.

HPTN 052 kudzidza

Muna 2011, New England Journal of Medicine yakaburitsa ongororo yepasi rose inonzi HPTN 052. Yakaona kuti mushonga weantiretroviral unoita zvinopfuura kumisa kudzokororwa kwehutachiona muvanhu vane HIV. Inodzikisirawo njodzi yavo yekuendesa hutachiona kune vamwe.

Chidzidzo ichi chakatarisa anopfuura 1,700 akavhenganiswa-emahara vakaroorana, kazhinji vanoita zvepabonde. Vanenge vese vatori vechikamu vakataura vachishandisa makondomu panguva yepabonde, uye vese vakagamuchira kurairwa.

Vamwe vevanhu vakapinda muhutachiwana hweHIV vakatanga mishonga yemaantiretroviral early, pavakange vaine huwandu hwakaenzana hwemaCD4 masero. Sero reCD4 imhando yerudzi rwuchena rweropa.

Vamwe vatori vechikamu vane hutachiona hweHIV vakanonoka kurapwa kusvikira maCD4 count avo adonhera pasi.

Mune vakaroorana uko mumwe ane hutachiwana hweHIV akagamuchira kurapwa kwekutanga, njodzi yekutapurirwa kweHIV yakadzikiswa nezvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana

Isingaonekwe = isingachinjiki

Kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakasimbisa kuti kuchengetedza huwandu hwehutachiona husingaonekwe kwakakosha kudzivirira kutapurirana.

Muna 2017, iyo yakashumwa kuti pane "pasina njodzi" yekutapurirana apo antiretroviral therapy inodzvinyirira huwandu hweHIV kusvika kumazinga asingaonekwe. Matanho asingaonekwe akatsanangurwa seasingasviki mazana maviri emakopi pamamirilita (makopi / mL) eropa.

Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoshanda senheyo yePrevention Access Campaign's Isingaonekwe = Mushandirapamwe usingadzoreki. Mushandirapamwe uyu unozivikanwawo seU = U.

Vanhu vangashandisa sei PrEP kudzivirira Mukondombera?

Vanhu vasina HIV vanogona kuzvidzivirira kubva mukutapukirwa nehutachiona nekushandisa mishonga inozivikanwa se pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP parizvino inowanikwa mupiritsi fomu pasi pemazita ezita Truvada naDescovy.

Truvada ine maviri antiretroviral mishonga: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate uye emtricitabine. Descovy ine iyo antiretroviral mishonga tenofovir alafenamide uye emtricitabine.

Kubudirira

PrEP inonyanya kushanda kana ikatorwa zuva nezuva uye zvinogara zvakadaro.

Sekureva kweCDC, ongororo dzakaonekwa kuti PrEP yemazuva ese inogona kudzikisa njodzi yemunhu yekubatira HIV kubva pabonde na. Daily PrEP inoderedza kutapurirana nenjodzi dzinopfuura makumi manomwe nezvina kubva muzana kuvanhu vanoshandisa majekiseni ejekiseni

Kana PrEP ikasatorwa zuva nezuva uye zvisingachinjiki, zvakanyanyisa kushanda. , senge chidzidzo chePROUD, chakasimbisa kubatana pakati pekutevedzera PrEP uye kushanda kwayo.

Vanonyanya kukwikwidza kuPrEP

Chero munhu arikuronga kurara nemumwe ane HIV anogona kuda kufunga nezvekubvunza mupi wezvehutano nezvePrEP. PrEP inogona kubatsirawo vanhu vanoita zvepabonde vasina makondomu uye:

• havazive mamiriro ehutachiwana hwevamwe vavo
• kuva nevadyidzani vane njodzi inozivikanwa yehutachiwana hweHIV

Kuwana PrEP

Zvirongwa zveinishuwarenzi zvehutano zvakawanda zvinovhara PrEP izvozvi, uye zvimwe zvichatevera mushure mekurudzirwa kwePrEP kune vese vanhu vane njodzi dzinozivikanwa nezvehutachiwana hweHIV. Bata wako mupi inishuwarenzi mupi kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo

Vamwe vanhu vanogona zvakare kuve vanokodzera chirongwa chekubatsira mishonga chinotungamirwa naGilead, anogadzira Truvada naDescovy.

Ndedzipi dzimwe nzira dzinogona kudzivirira kutapurirwa kweHIV?

Usati waita bonde usina makondomu, zvakanaka kuti utange waongororwa hutachiona hweHIV nezvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde. Funga kubvunza vamwe kana vakaedzwa nguva pfupi yadarika.

Kana chero nhengo yevaviri yakaratidza kuti ine utachiona hweHIV kana imwe njovhera, kurapwa kunobatsira kudzivirira kutapurirana. Vanogona zvakare kubvunza mupi wavo wezvehutano nezvematipi ekudzora njodzi yekutapurirana.

Makondomu

Makondomu anogona kubatsira kumisa kutapukirwa kweHIV nezvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde zvakawanda. Iwo anonyanya kushanda kana achishandiswa pese pese munhu paanoita bonde. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti uzvishandise zvinoenderana nemirayiridzo yepakeji uye rasa makondomu akapera, anoshandiswa, kana akabvaruka.

Antiretroviral therapy inosanganiswa nePrEP

Kana munhu ari muhukama hwehukama hwakasarudzika hwemurume mumwe chete, mupi wezvehutano angangovakurudzira pamwe nemumwe wavo kuti vasanganise makondomu neantiretroviral therapy. Musanganiswa uyu unobatsira kudzikisa njodzi yekupararira kweHIV.

Kana mumwe ane hutachiwana hweHIV aine huwandu hwehutachiona hunowanikwa, mumwe asina HIV anogona kushandisa PrEP kudzivirira kubata Mukondombera.

Funga kubvunza mupi wezvehutano kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvePrEP nedzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira.

Vanogona here kusanganisa-chinzvimbo vaviri vaviri vane vana?

Kutenda nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yekurapa, pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzika zvinowanikwa kune vakavhenganiswa-chimiro vakaroorana vanoda kuve nevana.

AIDSinfo inokurudzira vaviri vakasarudzika mamiriro ekutsvaga kutsvaga kwehunyanzvi vasati vaedza kubata pamuviri. Anopa hutano anogona kuvazivisa nezvesarudzo yavo yekubata pamuviri zvakanaka uye nekutakura.

Kana mukadzi wechi cisgender ari muhukama hwakasanganiswa ane hutachiona hweHIV, AIDSinfo inokurudzira kushandisa insemination kuyedza kubata pamuviri. Maitiro aya anosanganisira njodzi yakaderera yekutapurirana hutachiwana kana ichienzaniswa nebonde rakajairika risina makondomu.

Kana murume wechi cisgender wehukama hwakasanganiswa ane hutachiona hweHIV, AIDSinfo inokurudzira kushandisa urume kubva kune anenge asina HIV kuti ubate. Kana iyi isiri sarudzo, varume vanogona kuita kuti mbeu yavo "igezwe" murabhoritari kubvisa HIV.

Zvisinei, AIDSinfo inocherekedza kuti maitiro aya haana kuratidzwa kuti anoshanda chose. Iyo inodhura zvakare, kazhinji ichidhura mazana anoverengeka emadhora.

Vanogona-kusanganiswa-chinzvimbo vaviri kuyedza zvakasikwa kubata?

Nekuti zvinosanganisira bonde risina makondomu, kubata kwepamuviri kunogona kuisa vanhu vasina hutachiwana panjodzi yekubatira iyo. Nekudaro, pane nhanho idzo vaviri vangatora kudzikisa njodzi yekutapurirana.

Usati waedza kubata kwechisikigo, AIDSinfo inoratidza kuti mumwe ane hutachiwana hweHIV anoedza kudzvinyirira huwandu hwehutachiona sezvazvinogona.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, ivo vanogona kunge vachishandisa antiretroviral therapy kuti vabudirire uye chengetedza isingaonekwe hutachiona hutachiona. Kana vasingakwanise kudaro, mumwe wavo anogona kuedza PrEP.

AIDSinfo inokurudzirawo vanhu vakavhengana kuti vadzikise bonde vasina makondomu kusvika panguva dzekubereka. Peak kubereka kunogona kuitika mumazuva maviri kusvika matatu isati yazara ovulation uye pazuva rekubuda. Kushandisa makondomu kwemwedzi wese kunogona kubatsira kudzikisa njodzi yekupararira kweHIV.

HIV inogona kutapuriranwa panguva yepamuviri here?

Zvinogoneka kuti vakadzi vane nhumbu vane hutachiwana hweHIV vapfuure kuburikidza neropa nemukaka wemukaka. Kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira kunogona kudzikisa njodzi.

Kuderedza njodzi yekupararira kweHIV panguva yepamuviri, AIDSinfo inokurudzira vanotarisira vanaamai ku:

• vanoitwa antiretroviral therapy pamberi, panguva, uye mushure mekubata pamuviri, nepamuviri, uye pakusununguka
• mvumo yekuti mwana wavo arapwe nemishonga yemaARV kwevhiki ina kusvika kumatanhatu aberekwa
• dzivisa kuyamwisa uye shandisa fomura yemwana pachinzvimbo
• taura nevanovapa nezvehutano nezve izvo zvingabatsire pakuburitswa kwekusiyiwa, izvo zvinonyanya kukurudzirwa kune vakadzi vane yakakwira kana isingazivikanwe huwandu hweHIV.

AIDSinfo inocherekedza kuti, kana mukadzi nemwana wake vakatora mishonga yavo yeHIV sekurairwa, zvinogona kudzikisa njodzi yemwana yekutapukirwa neHIV kubva kuna amai vake kusvika pa1 muzana kana pasi.

Ndeapi maonero evanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV nhasi?

Kurapwa kwakabatsira kuti vakawanda vararame hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano neHIV. Kufambira mberi kwakakosha kwekurapa kwakaitwawo mumunda wekudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV, izvo zvakawedzera mukana wevanhu vakasangana-vehukama.

Zvakare, ndakagadzira zviwanikwa zvedzidzo zvekubatsira kugadzirisa zvisizvo uye maitiro anosarura nezvevanhu vanorarama neHIV. Kunyange basa rakawanda richida kuitwa, ongororo yakaburitswa muJenali yeInternational AIDS Society inoratidza kuti kufambira mberi kuri kuitwa.

Usati warara nemunhu ane hutano hwakasiyana hweHIV, funga kuita musangano nemupi wezvehutano. Vanogona kubatsira kugadzira chirongwa chekudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV.

Vazhinji vakavhengana-vaviri vakaroorana vane hukama hunogutsa hwepabonde uye kunyange kubata vana vasina hanya kuti mumwe asina HIV achabatira hutachiona.