Mushonga we COVID-19: unoshanda sei uye nemhedzisiro

Zvemukati

• Mashandiro anoita COVID-19 majekiseni
• Kubudirira kwejekiseni kunoverengerwa sei?
• Mushonga unoshanda here kurwisa misiyano mitsva yeutachiona?
• Kana majekiseni ekutanga akasvika
• Chirongwa chekudzivirira muBrazil
• Chirongwa chekudzivirira muPortugal
• Maitiro ekuziva kana iwe uri chikamu cheboka rine njodzi
• Ndiani akambove ne COVID-19 anokwanisa kuwana mushonga?
• Zvinogona kuitika mhedzisiro
• Ndiani asingafanire kuwana mushonga
• Edza ruzivo rwako
• COVID-19 jekiseni: edza ruzivo rwako!

Mishonga yakawanda yekurwisa COVID-19 iri kuongororwa uye kuvandudzwa pasirese kuyedza kurwisa denda rakakonzerwa necoronavirus nyowani. Parizvino, chete mushonga wePfizer wakabvumidzwa neWHO, asi mamwe akawanda ari munzira yekuongororwa.

Mishonga mitanhatu yakaratidza mhedzisiro inovimbisa ndeiyi:

• Pfizer uye BioNTech (BNT162): majekiseni ekuchamhembe kweAmerica nemaGerman aive makumi mapfumbamwe muzana muzana achishanda muchikamu chechitatu ongororo;
• Mazuva ano (mRNA-1273): jekiseni rekuchamhembe kweAmerica raive 94.5% richishanda muchikamu chechitatu ongororo;
• Gamaleya Yekutsvagisa Institute (Sputnik V): jekiseni reRussia raive 91.6% inoshanda kurwisa COVID-19;
• AstraZeneca uye Oxford University (AZD1222): jekiseni reChirungu riri muchikamu chechitatu uye muchikamu chekutanga rakaratidza 70.4% kushanda;
• Sinovac (Coronavac): jekiseni reChinese rakagadzirwa mukubatana neButantan Institute yakaratidza mwero unoshanda we78% yezviitiko zvidiki uye 100% yezvirwere zvine mwero uye zvakakomba;
• Johnson & Johnson (JNJ-78436735): zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekutanga, jekiseni rekuchamhembe kweAmerica rinoita kunge rine huwandu hunoshanda kubva pa66 kusvika pa85%, uye mwero uyu unosiyana zvichienderana nenyika yayakashandiswa.

Pamusoro peizvi, mamwe majekiseni akadai seNVX-CoV2373, anobva kuNovavax, Ad5-nCoV, anobva kuCanSino kana Covaxin, anobva kuBharat Biotech, ariwo muchikamu chechitatu chekudzidza, asi haasati aburitsa mhedzisiro.

Dr. Esper Kallas, chirwere chinotapukira uye Muzvinafundo Wakazara weDhipatimendi Rezvirwere uye Zvirwere zveFarasi kuFMUSP anojekesa kusahadzika kukuru maererano nejekiseni:

Mashandiro anoita COVID-19 majekiseni

Mishonga yekudzivirira COVID-19 yakagadzirwa kubva pamhando nhatu dzetekinoroji:

• Genetic tekinoroji yemutumwa RNA: hunyanzvi hwunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mishonga yekudzivirira mhuka uye izvo zvinoita kuti masero ane hutano mumuviri abudise protein imwechete iyo coronavirus inoshandisa kupinda mumasero. Mukudaro, immune system inomanikidzwa kuburitsa masoja ekudzivirira chirwere ayo, panguva yehutachiona, anogona kudzikamisa protein yeiyo yechokwadi coronavirus uye kudzivirira hutachiona kubva kukura. Iyi ndiyo tekinoroji iri kushandiswa mumishonga yekudzivirira kubva kuPfizer neModerna;
• Kushandiswa kweakagadziridzwa adenoviruses: inosanganisira kushandisa adenoviruses, isina kukuvadza kumuviri wemunhu, uye kuigadzirisa nemajini kuitira kuti iite nenzira yakafanana necoronavirus, asi isina njodzi kuhutano. Izvi zvinoita kuti immune system idzidzise uye ibudise masoja ekudzivirira anokwanisa kubvisa hutachiona kana paitika hutachiona. Iyi ndiyo tekinoroji iri kumashure kwejekiseni kubva kuAstrazeneca, Sputnik V uye jekiseni kubva kuna Johnson & Johnson;
• Kushandiswa kweinactivated coronavirus: fomu isina kugadziriswa yeiyo coronavirus nyowani inoshandiswa isingakonzere hutachiona kana matambudziko ehutano, asi iyo inobvumidza muviri kuti ubudise masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anodiwa kurwisa hutachiona.

Dzese idzi nzira dzekushanda ndedzechokwadi uye dzinoto shanda mukugadzirwa kwemajekiseni ezvimwe zvirwere.

Kubudirira kwejekiseni kunoverengerwa sei?

Chiyero chekushanda kwemushonga wega wega chinoverengerwa zvichibva pahuwandu hwevanhu vakawana hutachiona uye avo vakabaiwa majekiseni chaiwo, zvichienzaniswa nevaya vasina kubayiwa uye vakagamuchira placebo.

Semuenzaniso, mune yekudzivirira kwePfizer, vanhu zviuru makumi mana nezvina vakaongororwa uye, veboka iro, chete makumi mapfumbamwe nemana vakapedzisira vagadzira COVID-19. Pakati peavo makumi mapfumbamwe nemana, vapfumbamwe vaive vanhu vakabaiwa jekiseni, nepo vakasara makumi masere nevashanu vaive vanhu vakagashira nzvimbo uye saka havana kuwana mushonga. Zvinoenderana nezviverengero izvi, iwo mwero wekubata unenge 90%.

Zvirinani unzwisise kuti chii chinonzi placebo uye ndechei.

Mushonga unoshanda here kurwisa misiyano mitsva yeutachiona?

Maererano neongororo yakaitwa nemushonga wekudzivirira kubva kuPfizer neBioNTech^[3], masoja ekudzivirira chirwere akakurudzirwa nemushonga wekurapa aya akaratidzirwa kuti anoramba achibudirira kurwisa misiyano mitsva yecoronavirus, zvese UK ne South Africa shanduko.

Pamusoro pezvo, ongororo iyi zvakare inoratidza kuti jekiseni iri rinofanirwa kuramba richishanda kune dzimwe gumi neshanu dzinogona kuchinja hutachiona.

Kana majekiseni ekutanga akasvika

Zvinotarisirwa kuti majekiseni ekutanga anorwisa COVID-19 achatanga kugoverwa muna Ndira 2021. Izvi zvinongogoneka nekuda kwekuumbwa kwezvirongwa zvakati wandei zvinobvumidza kuburitswa kwemajekiseni nechimbichimbi pasina kuenda muzvikamu zvese zvekubvumidzwa zvakatsanangurwa WHO.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa uye maererano neWHO, jekiseni rinofanira kungoburitswa kuvanhu mushure mekupedza nhanho dzinotevera:

1. Rabhoritari inogadzira jekiseni inofanirwa kuita zvidzidzo zvakakura zvechikamu chechitatu zvinoratidza mhedzisiro inogutsa yekuchengetedza uye kushanda;
2. Mushonga uyu unofanirwa kuongororwa nemasangano akazvimiririra kubva murabhoritari, kusanganisira nebazi remitemo yenyika, iro kana riri kuBrazil iri Anvisa, uye muPortugal Vakashongedzerwa;
3. Boka revatsvakurudzi rakasarudzwa neWHO rinoongorora data rakawanikwa kubva kuongororo dzese kuti rive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kushanda, pamwe nekuronga mashandiro emushonga umwe neumwe;
4. Mishonga yokudzivirira yakabvumidzwa neWHO inofanirwa kukwanisa kugadzirwa muhuwandu hwakawanda;
5. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti majekiseni anogona kugoverwa kunyika dzese zvine hukasha hwakanyanya.

WHO yakabatana nemauto kuona kuti nzira yekubvumidzwa kwejekiseni rega rega ichienderera nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, uye vatongi munyika yega yega vakabvumidza mvumo dzakakosha dzekudzivirira majekiseni eCOVID-19.

Panyaya yeBrazil, Anvisa akabvumidza mvumo yenguva pfupi uye yechimbichimbi inobvumidza mimwe mishonga yekudzivirira kuti ishandiswe nekukurumidza mune mamwe mapoka evagari. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, majekiseni aya anofanirwa kutevedzera mimwe mitemo inokosha uye anogona kungogoverwa neSUS.

Chirongwa chekudzivirira muBrazil

Muchirongwa chakatanga kuburitswa nebazi rezvehutano^[1], jekiseni rinogovaniswa muzvikamu zvina kusvika pazvikamu zvakakosha, zvisinei, mitsva inogadziridza inoratidza kuti kubaiwa nhomba kunogona kuitwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha:

• Chikamu chekutanga: vashandi vehutano, vanhu vanopfuura makumi manomwe neshanu, vanhu vemuno uye vanhu vanopfuura makumi matanhatu vanogara mumasangano vachabayiwa majekiseni;
• Chikamu chechipiri: vanhu vanopfuura makumi matanhatu vachabayiwa jekiseni;
• Chikamu chechitatu: vanhu vane zvimwe zvirwere vachabayiwa izvo zvinowedzera mukana wehutachiona hwakakomba neCOVID-19, senge chirwere cheshuga, hypertension, chirwere cheitsvo, pakati pevamwe;

Mushure mekunge mapoka makuru enjodzi abayiwa nhomba, kubaiwa nhomba kwe COVID-19 kunozowanikwa kune vamwe vanhu vese.

Mishonga inobvumidzwa kushandiswa nechimbichimbi naAnvisa ndiCoronavac, inogadzirwa neButantan Institute yakabatana neSinovac, uye AZD1222, inogadzirwa neorabhoritari yeAstraZeneca yakabatana neUniversity yeOxford.

Chirongwa chekudzivirira muPortugal

Chirongwa chekudzivirira muPortugal^[2] inoratidza kuti jekiseni rinofanira kutanga kugoverwa mukupera kwaZvita, zvichitevera nhungamiro dzakatenderwa neEuropean Medicines Agency.

Zvikamu zvitatu zvekudzivirira zvinoonekwa.

• Chikamu chekutanga: vashandi vezvehutano, vashandi vemisha inochengeterwa vakwegura nenzvimbo dzinochengetwa, nyanzvi mune vemauto, vekuchengetedza uye vanhu vanodarika makumi mashanu uye nezvimwe zvirwere zvakabatana
• Chikamu chechipiri: vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu;
• Chikamu chechitatu: vanhu vasara.

Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere ichagoverwa mahara kunzvimbo dzehutano pamwe nenzvimbo dzekudzivirira zvirwere muNHS.

Maitiro ekuziva kana iwe uri chikamu cheboka rine njodzi

Kuti uzive kana iwe uri weboka pane imwe njodzi yekukuvara kwakakomba kweECVID-19 matambudziko, tora bvunzo iyi yepamhepo:

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Tanga bvunzo Zvepabonde:

• Murume
• Chechikadzi

Zera: Kurema: Kureba: Mumamita. Une chirwere chisingaperi here?

• Aihwa
• Chirwere cheshuga
• Hypertension
• Gomarara
• Chirwere chemoyo
• Zvimwe

Une chirwere chinobata immune system here?

• Aihwa
• Lupus
• Multiple sclerosis
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• HIV / AIDS
• Zvimwe

Une Down syndrome here?

• Hongu
• Aihwa

Uri fodya here?

• Hongu
• Aihwa

Wakave nekuiswa here?

• Hongu
• Aihwa

Unoshandisa mishonga yakanyorwa here?

• Aihwa
• Corticosteroids, senge Prednisolone
• Immunosuppressants, senge Cyclosporine
• Zvimwe

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Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti bvunzo iyi inoratidza njodzi ingangoita yekukuvara zvakanyanya kana uine hutachiona hwe COVID-19 uye kwete njodzi yekuwana chirwere. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti, njodzi yekuwana chirwere haina kuwedzera nekuda kwehupenyu hwako nhoroondo, uchingove wakanangana netsika dzezuva nezuva, sekusachengetedza nharaunda, kusashambidza maoko ako kana kushandisa mask yekudzivirira.

Tarisa uone zvese zvaungaite kudzikisa njodzi yako yekuwana COVID-19.

Ndiani akambove ne COVID-19 anokwanisa kuwana mushonga?

Nhungamiro ndeyekuti vanhu vese vanokwanisa kubayiwa nenjodzi zvisina njodzi, kunyangwe vangave vaine hutachiona hweCOVID-19 hwapfuura. Kunyangwe hazvo ongororo dzichiratidza kuti mushure mekutapukirwa muviri unotanga kuzvidzivirira kubva kuhutachiona kweanoda kusvika mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, kumwe kuongorora kunoratidzawo kuti hutachiona hunopihwa nemushonga wekudzivirira hutachiwana hunokwana kusvika katatu.

Kudzivirirwa kwakakwana kubva mumushonga kunongotariswa kuchishandiswa mushure mekupihwa mishonga yese.

Chero zvazvingaitika, kuve nenjodzi kana kuve nehutachiona hwepakutanga neCOVID-19, zvinokurudzirwa kuramba uchitora matanho ekudzivirira, sekupfeka mask, kuwacha mawoko kazhinji uye nharaunda yekudyidzana.

Zvinogona kuitika mhedzisiro

Izvo zvinogona kuitika mhedzisiro yemajekiseni ese ari kugadzirwa achipesana neCOVID-19 haasati azivikanwa. Nekudaro, zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo nemajekiseni akaburitswa naPfizer-BioNTech uye murabhoritari yeModerna, mhedzisiro iyi inoita senge inosanganisira:

• Kurwadziwa panzvimbo yejojo;
• Kuneta zvakanyanya;
• Kurwadziwa nemusoro;
• Dos tsandanyama;
• Fivha uye kutonhora;
• Joint kurwadziwa.

Iyi mhedzisiro yakafanana nemamwe akawanda majekiseni, kusanganisira akajairwa flu flu, semuenzaniso.

Sezvo huwandu hwevanhu hunowedzera, zvinotarisirwa kuti kukanganiswa kwakakomba kwakakomba, senge anaphylactic reaction, kunoonekwa, kunyanya kune vanhu vanoziva zvakanyanya kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemufomula.

Ndiani asingafanire kuwana mushonga

Mushonga unodzivirira COVID-19 haufanire kupihwa kune vanhu vane nhoroondo yekukanganiswa kwakanyanya kune chero zvikamu zvemushonga. Uye zvakare, kubaiwa nhomba kunofanirwa kuitwa chete mushure mekunge chiremba aiongorora mune vana vane makore ari pasi pegumi nematanhatu, vakadzi vane nhumbu nevakadzi vanoyamwisa.

Varwere vanoshandisa immunosuppressants kana avo vane autoimmune hosha vanofanirawo kubaiwa jekiseni chete pasi pekutarisirwa kwechiremba anorapa.

Edza ruzivo rwako

Edza ruzivo rwako rwekudzivirira kwe COVID-19 uye gara pamusoro peiyo tsananguro yeimwe yengano dzinozivikanwa:

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COVID-19 jekiseni: edza ruzivo rwako!

Tanga bvunzo Mushonga wakagadzirwa nekukurumidza, saka haugone kuchengetedzeka.

• Chaizvoizvo. Mushonga wakagadzirwa nekukurumidza uye haazi ese mhedzisiro anozivikanwa nanhasi.
• Nhema. Mushonga uyu wakagadzirwa nekukurumidza asi wakaita ongororo dzakaomarara, dzinovimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwawo.

Mushonga uyu uri panjodzi huru yekukonzera matambudziko akakura, senge autism kana kushaya mbereko.

• Chaizvoizvo. Kune mitsara yakati wandei yevanhu vakave nematambudziko akakomba mushure mekutora mushonga.
• Nhema. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, jekiseni rinongokonzera mhedzisiro, semarwadzo panzvimbo yejekiseni, fivhiri, kuneta uye kurwadziwa kwemhasuru, izvo zvinonyangarika mumazuva mashoma.

Chero ani zvake akambove ne COVID-19 anodawo kuwana mushonga.

• Chaizvoizvo. Kubaya nhomba ye COVID-19 kunofanirwa kuitwa nevanhu vese, kunyangwe avo vakatove nehutachiona.
• Nhema. Chero ani zvake akambove ne COVID-19 haana hutachiona uye haafanire kuwana mushonga.

Mushonga wekudzivirira furuwenza wepagore haudziviriri ku COVID-19.

• Chaizvoizvo. Mushonga wekudzivirira furuwenza wepagore unodzivirira chete kubva kuhutachiona-hwakaita sehutachiona.
• Nhema. Mushonga wekudzivirira furuwenza unodzivirira pamhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona, kusanganisira iyo nyowani coronavirus.

Vaya vanowana mushonga uyu havachadi kutora zvimwe zvekuchengetedza, sekugeza mawoko kana kupfeka chifukidziro.

• Chaizvoizvo. Kubva panguva iyo kubayiwa nhomba, hapana njodzi yekubata chirwere ichi, kana kuchipfuudza, uye hapana humwe hutarisiro hunodiwa.
• Nhema. Kudzivirirwa kunopihwa nemushonga wekudzivirira kunotora mazuva mashoma kuti uoneke mushure mekupedzisira kwedosi. Pamusoro pezvo, kuchengetedza kuchengetedza kunobatsira kudzivirira kutapurira hutachiona kune vamwe vasati vabaiwa jekiseni.

Mushonga we COVID-19 unogona kukonzera hutachiona mushure mekupihwa.

• Chaizvoizvo. Mimwe majekiseni ekudzivirira COVID-19 ane zvidimbu zvidiki zvehutachiona izvo zvinogona kupedzisira zvichikonzera hutachiona, kunyanya kune vanhu vane immune system isina kusimba.
• Nhema. Kunyangwe majekiseni anoshandisa zvidimbu zvehutachiona, shandisa fomu isina kugadzirwa isingakwanise kukonzera chero hutachiona hutachiona mumuviri.

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