Mishonga yekudzivirira inokurudzirwa mune yevakuru chirongwa chekudzivirira

Zvemukati

• 1. Mushonga wefuruwenza
• 2. Mushonga wepneumococcal
• 3. Jekiseni rekudzivirira fever
• 4. Mushonga we Meningococcal
• 5. Mushonga weherpes zoster
• 6. Mushonga weTetanus uye diphtheria
• 7. Mushonga wehutachiona hutatu
• 8. Mushonga weHepatitis

Kubaya vachengeti vevakweguru kwakakosha kupa hutachiona hwakakosha kurwisa uye kudzivirira hutachiona, saka zvakakosha kuti vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu vatarise chirongwa chekubaya nhomba, kunyanya iyo yefuruwenza, iyo inokurudzirwa kuvanhu 55 uye zvinoitika gore rega.

Mishonga yekudzivirira inokurudzirwa mukarenda yekudzivirira yevakwegura, yakatarwa neBrazilian Society of Immunizations pamwe neBrazilian Society yeGeriatrics neGerontology, ndeiyi 8: kurwisa furuwenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, tetanasi, diphtheria, hepatitis, yero fever, hutachiona hutatu, herpes zoster uye meningococcal meningitis. Mimwe yemishonga yekudzivirira iyi inoitwa kuti iwanikwe nebazi rezvehutano mahara kuburikidza neSUS, nepo mimwe yacho inogona kungotengwa kumakiriniki akazvimiririra, sekurwisa herpes zoster, meningococcus uye hepatitis A, semuenzaniso.

Chirongwa chekudzivirira chevakwegura chinotevera kurudziro yeBrazilian Society of Immunizations pamwe chete neBrazilian Society yeGeriatrics neGerontology, uye inosanganisira:

1. Mushonga wefuruwenza

Furuwenza hutachiona hwekufema hunokonzerwa nema serotypes akasiyana ehutachiona hweFluenza, nekudaro kudzivirira dzihwa. Uye zvakare, sekune dzimwe nguva nekuda kwekushomeka kwe immune immune uye shanduko yekufema kugona, iyo yakajairika seye munhu zera, hutachiona hunokonzera furuu hunogona kufarira kukura kwezvinetso, senge pneumonia uye, nekudaro, dzihwa mushonga unokwanisawo kudzivirira kuomarara uku.

Mushonga wekudzivirira furu unoumbwa nezvidimbu zvemavhairasi asingashandi uye, nekudaro, hapana njodzi yekukonzeresa hutachiona mumunhu mushure mekubaiwa nhomba, zvinongomutsa mhinduro yemasoja emuviri, uye zvinokurudzirwa kuvanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu nemashanu.

• Nguva yekutora: Kamwe pagore, zvirinani kutanga kwekutanga kwematsutso, apo hutachiona hunotanga kutenderera kazhinji uye paine mukana wakakura wekubata furuwenza, nekuti vanhu vanowanzo gara kwenguva refu munzvimbo dzakavharika uye nemhepo shoma inotenderera. Iyo inofarira kutenderera kwehutachiona. .
• Ndiani asingafanire kutora: vanhu vane nhoroondo yeanaphylactic reaction kana zvakanyanya kukanganiswa nemazai ehuku uye zvigadzirwa zvavo, kana kune chero chimwe chinhu chemushonga. Mushonga unofanirwa kumbosendekwa mune vanhu vane hutachiona hwakadzikira kusvika hwakakomba kana shanduko mukuvhara ropa, kana yaitwa musina musimba.

Mushonga wekurwara nefuru unopihwa mahara neSUS, kunzvimbo dzehutano, uye zvakakosha kuti jekiseni rizotorwa gore rega kuitira kuti simba raro rekudzivirira rivimbiswe, sezvo hutachiona hweFluenza hunogona kuchinja uye, nekudaro, hunogona kuramba kurwisa mushonga wakapfuura. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti chembere dziwane jekiseni gore roga roga panguva yemushandirapamwe wehurumende yekuona kuti masoja emuviri wavo anorwisa hutachiona hwechirwere. Ona zvimwe nezve chirwere chekudzivirira chirwere.

2. Mushonga wepneumococcal

Mushonga wepneumococcal unodzivirira hutachiona hunokonzerwa nebhakitiriya Streptococcus pneumoniae, kunyanya pneumonia uye bacterial meningitis, pamusoro pekudzivirira hutachiona uhu kuti husapararire mumuviri uye zvichikonzera hutachiona hwemuviri.

Kune mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzechirwere chevakweguru, dzinova 23-valent Polysaccharide (VPP23), ine mhando makumi maviri nemaviri dzepneumococci, ne13-valent Conjugate (VPC13), iyo ine gumi nematanhatu marudzi.

• Nguva yekutora: kazhinji, chirongwa che3-dose chinotangwa, kutanga neVPC13, ichiteverwa, mushure memwedzi mitanhatu kusvika gumi nemiviri, neVPP23, uye imwe booster dose yeVPP23 mushure memakore mashanu. Kana munhu akura atogamuchira dosi yekutanga yeVPP23, VPC13 inofanirwa kuiswa mushure megore rimwe uye kuronga danho rekusimudzira reVPP23 mushure memakore mashanu echikamu chekutanga.
• Ndiani asingafanire kutora: vanhu vakaratidza anaphylactic reaction kune yapfuura dose yevhavha kana chimwe chezvinhu zvacho. Uye zvakare, jekiseni rinofanira kumbosendekwa kana paine fever kana shanduko mukugwamba kweropa, kana ikapihwa intramuscularly.

Mushonga uyu unoitwa mahara neSUS kuvanhu vakwegura vane njodzi huru yekubatira hutachiona, sevaya vanogara mumisha inochengetwa vakwegura, semuenzaniso, uye vamwe vanogona kubayiwa majekiseni mumakiriniki akazvimiririra.

3. Jekiseni rekudzivirira fever

Mushonga uyu unopa dziviriro kubva kuhutachiona hweyero fever, hutachiona hune hutachiona hunotyisa hunopfuudzwa nehumhutu uye hunogona kupihwa kunzvimbo dzehutano dzeSUS mahara. Mushonga uyu unokurudzirwa kuvagari venzvimbo dzinowanikwa vanhu vazhinji, vanhu vanoenda kunzvimbo dzine chirwere ichi kana pese panenge paine zvinodiwa nenyika dzese, munzvimbo inofungidzirwa kuti iri panjodzi.

• Nguva yekutora: parizvino, iro gurukota rezvehutano rinokurudzira chete 1 dose yehupenyu kubva pamwedzi mipfumbamwe, zvisinei, vanhu vasina kumbobvira vabaiwa nhomba vanofanira kutora mushonga kana vachigara kana kuenda kunzvimbo ine njodzi huru, inosanganisira nzvimbo dzekumaruwa kuNorth. uye Midwest yenyika kana nyika dzine yellow fever kesi, senge nyika dzeAfrica neAustralia, semuenzaniso.
• Ndiani asingafanire kutora: vanhu vakura vane nhoroondo yekusagadzikana mushure mekumedza mazai ehuku kana zvinhu zvekudzivirira, zvirwere zvinoderedza hutachiona, senge kenza, chirwere cheshuga, AIDS kana kushandisa mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere, chemotherapy kana radiotherapy, semuenzaniso, uye mune chirwere chefebrile chirwere chakanyanya .

Mushonga we yellow fever unofanirwa kupihwa chete mune zvakanyanya kudiwa, kudzivirira kushandiswa kwayo kune vakwegura vasina kusimba uye vanhu vane hutachiona hwakakanganiswa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mushonga wekudzivirira uyu unogadzirwa kubva kumasampuli ehutachiona hwakaderedzwa uye pane njodzi isingawanzo kuitika yekuita zvakakomba, nemufananidzo wakafanana neyero fever, inonzi "virus visceralization".

4. Mushonga we Meningococcal

Mushonga uyu unodzivirira kubva kubhakitiriya Neisseria meningitidis, inozivikanwawo seMeningococcus, iyo inokwanisa kupararira kuburikidza neropa uye inokonzeresa hutachiona hwakakomba, senge meningitis uye meningococcemia, inova nguva iyo hutachiona hunokonzera meningitis hunosvika muropa uye hunokonzera hutachiona hwakawanda.

Sezvo kuchine zvisati zvave nezvakawanda zvesainzi zvakaitwa nemushonga uyu kune vakwegura, zvinowanzokurudzirwa mune dzimwe njodzi dzine njodzi huru, senge mumamiriro ezvinhu echirwere chechirwere kana nzendo kunzvimbo dzine njodzi.

• Nguva yekutora: imwe chete dose inofanira kupihwa panguva dzezvirwere.
• Ndiani asingafanire kutora: vanhu vane allergies kune chero chinhu chemushonga. Nonoka kana uchinge warwara nefivha kana zvirwere zvinokonzeresa kugwamba.

Mushonga we "meningococcal" unongowanikwa chete mumakiriniki ekuzvidzivirira pachedu.

5. Mushonga weherpes zoster

Herpes zoster chirwere chinokonzerwa nekumutsiridzwa kwehutachiona hwehuku hunogona kuramba hwakagara pamitsipa yemuviri kwemakore akati wandei, uye hunokonzeresa kutaridzika kwemabhuru madiki, matsvuku uye anorwadza kwazvo paganda. Hutachiona uhu hunowanzoitika kune vakwegura uye muvanhu vane hutachiona husina kusimba, uye sezvo hungave husina kugadzikana uye uchisiya sequelae inorwadza paganda inogona kugara kwemakore, vanhu vakura vazhinji vakasarudza kudzivirira.

• Nguva yekutora: imwe chete inokurudzirwa kuvanhu vese vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu. Kune vanhu vakatova nemaperembudzi, munofanirwa kumirira inokwana mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika gore rimwe chete kuti mushonga ushandiswe.
• Ndiani asingafanire kutora: vanhu vane allergies kune zvikamu zvejekiseni, kana avo vane hutachiona husina simba nekuda kwezvirwere kana kushandiswa kwemishonga, sevanhu vane AIDS, cancer, vachishandisa systemic corticosteroids kana chemotherapy, semuenzaniso.

Mushonga wechipembenene unokwanisa kuiswa mumakiriniki epachirwere epachivande. Tsvaga zvimwe pamusoro pechiri uye maitiro ekurapa herpes zoster.

6. Mushonga weTetanus uye diphtheria

Mushonga wekudzivirira hutachiona wakapetwa kaviri, kana dT, unopa dziviriro kubva kuzvirwere ne tetanus, chinova chirwere chakakomba chinotapukira chinogona kutungamira kurufu, uye diphtheria, chinova chirwere chinotapukira zvikuru.

• Nguva yekutora: makore ese gumi, sekusimbiswa kwevanhu vakabaiwa jekiseni muhudiki. Kune vanhu vakura vasina kubayiwa jekiseni kana vasina kana rekodhi remushonga, zvinodikanwa kuti muite chirongwa chemadosi-matatu nepakati pemwedzi miviri pakati peumwe neumwe vozoita booster makore gumi ese.
• Pausingafanire kutora: mune kesi yeanaphylactic reaction pamberi pechirwere kana chero chipi zvacho chezvinhu zvacho. Inofanirwa kumbosendekwa pamberi pechirwere chekuvhara ropa, kana chikaitwa musiri musumbu.

Mushonga uyu unowanikwa mahara kunzvimbo dzekurapa, zvisinei, zvakare kune mushonga mukuru wehutachiona hutatu, kana kuti dTpa, uyo kuwedzera kune tetanasi uye diphtheria inodzivirira kurwisa mitezo, pamusoro pechirwere chetetanus zvakasiyana, zvinowanika kumakiriniki akazvimiririra. mukudzivirira.

7. Mushonga wehutachiona hutatu

Uyu ndiwo mushonga unodzivirira gwirikwiti, mamota uye utachiona hwechirubella, izvo zvinodikanwa mumamiriro ekuwedzera njodzi yekutapukirwa, senge kuputika, kuenda kunzvimbo dzine njodzi, vanhu vasina kumbobvira vatapukirwa kana vasina kugamuchira mibairo miviri yekudzivirira kweupenyu hwese.

• Nguva yekutora: chete 2 madosi anodikanwa muhupenyu hwese, uine hushoma chinguva chemwedzi mumwe.
• Ndiani asingafanire kutora: vanhu vane hutachiona hwakakomba zvakanyanya kana avo vane anaphylactic reaction mushure mekudya zai.

Izvo hazviwanikwe mahara kune vechikuru, kunze kwekunge panguva yemushandirapamwe, uye zvinodikanwa kuti uende kukiriniki yakazvimiririra yekudzivirira.

8. Mushonga weHepatitis

Kudzivirirwa pakurwisa hepatitis A uye hepatitis B kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nemishonga yekuparadzanisa kana yakasanganiswa, kune vanhu vasina dziviriro kuzvirwere izvi, vasina kumbobvira vabaiwa kana vasina marekodhi ekudzivirira.

• Nguva yekutora: mushonga wekurwisa hepatitis B, kana iyo yakasanganiswa A uye B, inogadzirwa mumatanho matatu, muchirongwa 0 - 1 - 6 mwedzi. Mushonga wekuzvimba hepatitis A, kune rimwe divi, unogona kutorwa mushure mekuongororwa kweserological inoratidza kushomeka kwekuzvidzivirira kubva kuhutachiona kana mumamiriro ekuratidzwa kana kuputika, mune regimen yedosi mbiri, ine chinguva chemwedzi mitanhatu.
• Ndiani asingafanire kutora: vanhu vane anaphylactic reaction kune izvo zvikamu zvejekiseni. Inofanira kumbosendekwa muzviitiko zveacute febrile chirwere kana coagulation shanduko kana ikashandiswa intramuscularly.

Mushonga wekurwisa hepatitis B unogona kuitwa mahara neSUS, zvisinei nhomba yekurwisa hepatitis A inowanikwa chete mumakiriniki ekudzivirira.