Chirwere chemapapu chemukati

Interstitial lung chirwere (ILD) iboka rematambudziko emapapu umo matumbu emapapu anopisa uye ndokukuvara.

Mapapu ane mweya mudiki masaga (alveoli), kunova ndiko kunofemerwa oxygen. Aya masaga emweya anowedzera nemweya wega wega.

Iwo munyama wakakomberedza aya masaga emweya anonzi iyo interstitium. Muvanhu vane chirwere chepakati chemapapu, munyama uyu unoomarara kana kuva nemavanga, uye masaga emhepo haakwanise kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kwete yakawanda okisijeni inogona kusvika kumuviri.

ILD inogona kuitika pasina chikonzero chinozivikanwa. Izvi zvinonzi idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) ndicho chirwere chinowanzoitika cherudzi urwu.

Kune zvakare zvakawanda zvezvikonzero zvinozivikanwa zveILD, zvinosanganisira:

• Zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira (umo immune system inorwisa muviri) senge lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, uye scleroderma.
• Kuputika kwemapapu nekuda kwekufema mune zvekunze chinhu senge mamwe marudzi eguruva, fungus, kana chakuvhuvhu (hypersensitivity pneumonitis).
• Mishonga (yakadai se nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, bleomycin, amiodarone, methotrexate, goridhe, infliximab, etanercept, uye mamwe makemikari mishonga).
• Radiation kurapwa kuchipfuva.
• Kushanda pamwe kana kutenderedza asbestosi, guruva remarasha, guruva rekotoni, uye guruva resilika (inonzi chirwere chemapapu).

Kusvuta midzanga kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuvandudza mamwe marudzi eLD uye kunogona kukonzera chirwere ichi kuva chakanyanya.

Kufema kwenguva pfupi chiratidzo chikuru cheILD. Unogona kufema nekukurumidza kana kuda kutora mweya wakadzika:

• Pakutanga, kupfupika kwemweya kunogona kusanyanya uye kunoonekwa chete nekurovedza muviri, kukwira masitepisi, uye zvimwe zviitiko.
• Nekufamba kwenguva, zvinogona kuitika nemabasa asinganetsi sekugeza kana kupfeka, uye sezvo chirwere ichi chichiwedzera, kunyangwe nekudya kana kutaura.

Vazhinji vanhu vane chirwere ichi vane zvakare yakaoma chikosoro. Kukosora kwakaoma kunoreva kuti haukosore chero mamukisi kana sputum.

Nekufamba kwenguva, kuonda, kuneta, uye mhasuru uye marwadzo akabatana aripowo.

Vanhu vane ILD yepamusoro vanogona kunge vaine:

• Kuwedzera zvisina kujairika uye kumisikidza kwechigadziko cheenzara (clubbing).
• Ruvara rwebhuruu rwemiromo, ganda, kana nzara nekuda kwekudzikira kweropa reokisijeni (cyanosis).
• Zviratidzo zvezvimwe zvirwere zvakaita seArthritis kana dambudziko rekumedza (scleroderma), rakabatana neILD.

Anopa hutano anoita bvunzo dzepanyama. Kuoma, kutsemura mweya kurira kunogona kunzwika kana uchiteerera chipfuva ne stethoscope.

Iyi bvunzo inotevera inogona kuitwa:

• Ropa bvunzo kutarisa autoimmune hosha
• Bronchoscopy ine kana isina biopsy
• Chest x-ray
• Yakakwirira resolution CT (HRCT) scan yechifuva
• MRI chifuva
• Echocardiogram
• Vhura mapapu biopsy
• Kuyerwa kweropa reokisijeni pazororo kana kana ichishanda
• Magasi eropa
• Pulmonary basa bvunzo
• Maminetsi matanhatu ekufamba bvunzo (tarisa kuti ungasvikira kure zvakadii mumaminetsi matanhatu uye kangani kaunofanira kumira kuti ubate mweya wako)

Vanhu vanoratidzwa zvakanyanya nezvikonzero zvinozivikanwa zvechirwere chemapapu munzvimbo yebasa vanowanzo gadzirirwa chirwere chemapapu. Aya mabasa anosanganisira kuchera marasha, kuputika kwejecha, uye kushanda muchikepe.

Kurapa kunoenderana nechikonzero uye nguva yechirwere. Mishonga inodzvinyirira immune system uye inoderedza kuzvimba mumapapu inotsanangurwa kana chirwere chemuviri chiri kukonzera dambudziko.Kune vamwe vanhu vane IPF, pirfenidone uye nintedanib mishonga miviri ingangoshandiswa kudzora chirwere ichi. Kana pasina chaiwo marapirwo emamiriro acho, chinangwa ndechekuita kuti ugare wakasununguka uye nekutsigira basa remapapu:

• Kana iwe uchisvuta, bvunza mupiki wako nezve maitiro ekurega kuputa.
• Vanhu vane yakaderera ropa okisijeni nhanho vanogashira oksijeni kurapwa mumba mavo. Chiremba wekufema achakubatsira iwe kumisikidza oxygen. Mhuri dzinofanirwa kudzidza yakakodzera okisijeni kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza.

Kugadziriswa kwemapapu kunogona kupa rutsigiro, uye kukubatsira iwe kudzidza:

• Nzira dzakasiyana dzekufema
• Maitiro ekumisikidza imba yako kuchengetedza simba
• Nzira yekudya macalorie akakwana uye zvinovaka muviri
• Maitiro ekugara wakashanda uye wakasimba

Vamwe vanhu vane ILD yepamberi vangangoda kuiswa kwemapapu.

Unogona kudzikisira kushushikana kwehurwere nekujoinha boka rekutsigira. Kugovana nevamwe vane zvakajairika zviitiko uye matambudziko zvinogona kukubatsira kuti usazonzwa kusurukirwa.

Mukana wekudzoreredza kana ILD kuwedzera kuipa zvinoenderana nechakonzera uye kuti chirwere chakanyanya sei pachakatanga kuongororwa.

Vamwe vanhu vane ILD vanoita kukundikana kwemoyo uye neBP yakakwira mumidziyo yeropa yemapapu avo.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ine maonero akashata.

Fonera mupiki wako kana:

• Kufema kwako kuri kuwedzera kuoma, kukurumidza, kana kudzika kupfuura pakutanga
• Iwe haugone kuwana mweya wakadzika, kana kuda kusendamira kumberi kana wakagara
• Iwe uri kutemwa nemusoro kazhinji
• Unonzwa hope kana kuvhiringidzika
• Une fever
• Uri kukosora rima mamota
• Zvigunwe zvako kana ganda rakatenderedza nzara dzako bhuruu

Kufambisa parenchymal chirwere chemapapu; Alveolitis; Idiopathic pulmonary pneumonitis (IPP)

• Nzira yekufema kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchishaya mweya wekufema
• Chirwere chemukati chemapapu - vanhu vakuru - kubuda
• Okisijeni chengetedzo
• Kufamba nematambudziko ekufema
• Kushandisa oxygen kumba

• Kutamba
• Marasha vashandi pneumoconiosis - danho II
• Marasha vashandi pneumoconiosis - danho II
• Marasha vashandi pneumoconiosis, yakaoma
• Kufuridzira system

Corte TJ, Du Bois RM, Wells AU. Zvinobatanidza zvinyama zvirwere. Mune: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Murray naNadel Chinyorwa cheKufema Kwemishonga. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chits 65.

Raghu G, Martinez FJ. Chirwere chemapapu chemukati. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 86.

Ryu JH, Selman M, Colby TV, King TE. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Mune: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Murray naNadel Chinyorwa cheKufema Kwemishonga. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chits. 63.