Silicosis

Silicosis chirwere chemapapu chinokonzerwa nekufema mu (inhaling) silica guruva.

Silica yakajairika, inoitika-sekristaro. Inowanikwa mumibhedha mizhinji yematombo. Guruva reSilica rinoumba panguva yekuchera, kuchera, kugadzirisa, uye kushanda nedzimwe simbi ores. Silica chikamu chikuru chejecha, saka vashandi vegirazi uye sand-blasters vanoratidzwawo kune silika.

Mhando nhatu dzesilosisosis dzinoitika:

• Chirwere silicosis, iyo inokonzeresa kubva mukureba-kwenguva kuratidzwa (anopfuura makore makumi maviri) kune yakaderera huwandu hwesilika guruva. Iyo guruva silica inokonzera kuzvimba mumapapu uye chifuva lymph node. Chirwere ichi chinogona kukonzera kuti vanhu vatadze kufema. Iyi ndiyo fomu yakajairika yesilicosis.
• Inokurumidza silicosis, inoitika mushure mekuratidzwa kune yakawanda silika kwenguva pfupi (makore mashanu kusvika gumi nemashanu). Kuzvimba mumapapu uye zviratidzo zvinoitika nekukurumidza kupfuura mune yakapusa silicosis.
• Acute silicosis, iyo inokonzeresa kubva pakuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kune yakawanda kwazvo silika. Mapapu anopisa zvakanyanya uye anogona kuzadza nemvura, zvichikonzera kufema kwakanyanya uye mwero weakisi yeropa.

Vanhu vanoshanda mumabasa uko kwavakaoneswa neguruva resilika vari panjodzi. Aya mabasa anosanganisira:

• Kugadzira mabrasives
• Kugadzira magirazi
• Kuchera
• Kuchera
• Nzira uye kuvaka kuvaka
• Jecha kuputika
• Kucheka kwematombo

Kunyatso kuratidzwa kune silika kunogona kukonzera chirwere mukati megore. Asi zvinowanzotora makore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu ekuratidzwa zviratidzo zvisati zvaitika. Silicosis yave kushomeka zvakanyanya kubvira iyo Occupational Kudzivirirwa uye Hutano Hutongi (OSHA) yakagadzira mirawo inoda kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekudzivirira, iyo inoganhurira huwandu hwevasilika guruva vashandi vanofema.

Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Kukosora
• Kufema kwekufema
• Kuonda

Anopa hutano hwako anotora nhoroondo yekurapa. Iwe unozobvunzwa nezve ako mabasa (apfuura neazvino), zvinokuvaraidza, uye zvimwe zviitiko zvinogona kunge zvakakuratidzira iwe kune silika. Iye mupi achaitawo bvunzo dzepanyama.

Kuyedza kusimbisa kuongororwa uye kutonga kunze kwezvirwere zvakafanana kunosanganisira:

• Chest x-ray
• Chest CT scan
• Pulmonary basa bvunzo
• Kuedzwa kwetibhii
• Ropa bvunzo yezvinobatanidza matishu ezvirwere

Iko hakuna chaiwo marapirwo e silicosis. Kubvisa sosi yekuratidzwa kwesilica kwakakosha kudzivirira chirwere kubva pakuwedzera. Kutsigira kurapwa kunosanganisira mushonga wekukosora, bronchodilators, uye oxygen kana zvichidikanwa. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inorayirwa hutachiona hwekufema sezvazvinodiwa.

Kurapa kunosanganisirawo kudzikisira kusvibiswa kune zvinogumbura uye kurega kuputa.

Vanhu vane silicosis vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere cherurindi (TB). Silica inofungidzirwa kuti inokanganisa maitiro ekudzivirira muviri kumabhakitiriya anokonzera TB. Kuongororwa kweganda kuti utarise kuti usabatwa neTB kunofanirwa kuitwa nguva dzose. Vaya vane bvunzo yeganda yakanaka vanofanirwa kurapwa nemishonga yekudzivirira TB. Chero shanduko pakuonekwa kwechipfuva x-ray inogona kunge iri chiratidzo cheTB.

Vanhu vane yakasimba silicosis vangangoda kuve nemapapu ekuisa.

Kubatana neboka rekutsigira kwaunogona kusangana nevamwe vanhu vane silicosis kana zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kubatsira iwe kuti unzwisise chirwere chako uye uchinje kurapwa kwacho.

Mhedzisiro inosiyana, zvinoenderana nekuwanda kwekukuvara kwemapapu.

Silicosis inogona kutungamira kune anotevera matambudziko ehutano:

• Connective tishu chirwere, kusanganisira rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma (inonziwo progressive systemic sclerosis), uye systemic lupus erythematosus
• Kenza yemapapu
• Kufambira mberi kukuru fibrosis
• Kukundikana kwekufema
• Tiibhii

Fonera mupiki wako kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti wakaratidzwa silika kubasa uye une matambudziko ekufema. Kuva nesilicosis kunoita kuti zvive nyore kwauri kuti uve nemapapu. Taura nemupi wako nezvekutora furu uye pneumonia majekiseni.

Kana iwe uchinge waonekwa uine silicosis, daidza wako mupi ipapo ipapo kana iwe ukava nekukosora, kufema kwekufema, fivha, kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvehutachiona hutachiona, kunyanya kana iwe uchifunga kuti une furuwenza. Sezvo mapapu ako akatokuvara, zvakakosha kuti utachiona hurapwe nekukasika. Izvi zvinodzivirira matambudziko ekufema kuti asanyanya kuoma, pamwe nekuwedzera kukuvadza kumapapu ako.

Kana iwe uchishanda munzvimbo ine njodzi huru kana uine hobho ine njodzi huru, gara wakapfeka chifukidzo chevhu uye usapute. Iwe unogona zvakare kuda kushandisa imwe dziviriro inokurudzirwa neOSHA, senge yekufema.

Acute silicosis; Chisingaperi silicosis; Yakawedzera silicosis; Kufambira mberi kukuru fibrosis; Conglomerate silicosis; Silicoproteinosis

• Mapapu emushandi wemarasha - chest x-ray
• Marasha vashandi pneumoconiosis - danho II
• Marasha vashandi pneumoconiosis - danho II
• Marasha vashandi pneumoconiosis, yakaoma
• Kufuridzira system

Cowie RL, Becklake MR. Pneumoconioses. Mune: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Murray naNadel Chinyorwa cheKufema Kwemishonga. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chits 73.

Tarlo SM. Yepabasa chirwere chemapapu. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chits. 93.