Asima

Asthma chirwere chisingaperi chinoita kuti mweya yemapapu uzvimbe uye utete. Inotungamira mukufema kunetseka sekufema, kufema kwekufema, kuomesa pachipfuva, uye kukosora.

Asima inokonzerwa nekuzvimba (kuzvimba) mumhepo. Kana kurwiswa kwechirwere ichi kuchiitika, mukana wekupfuura kwemipendero yemhepo uye mhasuru dzakatenderedza nzira dzemhepo dzinova dzakasimba. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hwemhepo inogona kupfuura nenzira yemhepo.

Zviratidzo zveasthma zvinogona kukonzerwa nekufema muzvinhu zvinonzi allergener kana zvinokonzeresa, kana zvimwe zvikonzero.

Zvinowanzoitika zvechirwere zvinosanganisira:

• Mhuka (pet bvudzi kana dander)
• Guruva uturu
• Mimwe mishonga (aspirin nedzimwe NSAIDS)
• Shanduko mumamiriro ekunze (kazhinji kazhinji kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze)
• Makemikari mumhepo kana muchikafu
• Chiitwa chemuviri
• Muforoma
• Mukume
• Zvirwere zvekufema, senge dzihwa
• Manzwiro akasimba (kushushikana)
• Fodya utsi

Zvinhu mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzebasa zvinogona zvakare kukonzera zviratidzo zveasthma, zvichitungamira kune asthma yebasa. Zvinonyanya kukonzera ivhu rehuni, guruva rezviyo, mhuka dander, fungi, kana makemikari.

Vanhu vazhinji vane asthma vane yavo pachezvayo kana yemhuri nhoroondo yehosha, senge hay fever (allergic rhinitis) kana eczema. Vamwe havana nhoroondo yekurwara.

Zviratidzo zveAsthma zvinosiyana pamunhu nemunhu. Semuenzaniso, iwe unogona kuve uine zviratidzo nguva dzese kana kunyanya panguva yekurovedza muviri.

Vazhinji vanhu vane asthma vane kurwisa kwakaparadzaniswa nenguva dzisina zviratidzo. Vamwe vanhu vane mweya wekufema kwenguva refu nezvikamu zvekuwedzera kufema. Kurira kana kukosora kungave iko chiratidzo chikuru.

Asthma kurwisa kunogona kutora kwemaminetsi kusvika mazuva. Kurwiswa kweasthma kunogona kutanga kamwe kamwe kana kukura zvishoma nezvishoma kwemaawa akati wandei kana mazuva. Inogona kuve nenjodzi kana kubuda kwemhepo kwakadzivirirwa zvakanyanya.

Zviratidzo zveasthma zvinosanganisira:

• Kosora pamwe kana pasina sputum (phlegm) kugadzirwa
• Kudhonza mukati meganda pakati pembabvu kana uchifema (intercostal retitions)
• Kufema kwekufema kunowedzera nekurovedza muviri kana chiitiko
• Kuridza muridzo kana kuridza mhere paunenge uchifema
• Marwadzo kana kuomarara mubhokisi
• Kunetseka kurara
• Asina kujairika kufema maitiro (kufema kunotora zvakapetwa kaviri zvakapetwa sekufemera mukati)
  

Zviratidzo zvechimbichimbi zvinoda kubatsirwa nekukurumidza kurapwa zvinosanganisira

• Bhuruu bhuruu kumiromo uye kumeso
• Yakadzikira mwero wekusvinura, sekukotsira kwakanyanya kana kuvhiringidzika, panguva yekurwiswa kwechirwere
• Kunyanya kunetseka kufema
• Kukurumidza kupisa
• Kushushikana kwakanyanya nekuda kwekufema kwekufema
• Kudikitira
• Zvakaoma kutaura
• Kufema kunombomira

Anopa hutano anoshandisa stethoscope kuteerera kumapapu ako. Kupururudza kana mimwe mhere inoenderana neasima inogona kunzwika. Iye mupi anotora nhoroondo yako yekurapa uye obvunza nezve zviratidzo zvako.

Miedzo inogona kurairwa inosanganisira:

• Allergy kuyedza - kuongorora kweganda kana kuongororwa kweropa kuti uone kana munhu ane asthma ari alejiki kune zvimwe zvinhu
• Arterial ropa gasi - kazhinji rinoitwa mukati mevanhu vari kurwara zvakanyanya neasthma
• Chest x-ray - kutonga kunze mamwe mamiriro
• Lung basa bvunzo, kusanganisira yepamusoro kuyerera kuyerwa

Zvinangwa zvekurapa ndezvi:

• Chengetedza kufema kwemhepo
• Deredza kutarisana nezvinhu zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvako
• Kubatsira iwe kuti ukwanise kuita zvakajairika zviitiko pasina kuva neasthma zviratidzo

Iwe nemupi wako munofanira kushanda sechikwata kugadzirisa zviratidzo zvechirwere. Tevedza rairo yemupi wako pakutora mishonga, kubvisa zvinokonzeresa asima, uye kuongorora zviratidzo.

Mishonga YEMAHARA

Kune marudzi maviri emishonga yekurapa asima:

• Chengetedza mishonga kubatsira kudzivirira kurwiswa
• Kurumidza-kununura (kununura) mishonga yekushandisa panguva yekurwiswa

MITAMBO YEMAZANA-NGUVA

Iyi inonziwo mishonga yekuchengetedza kana kudzora. Izvo zvinoshandiswa kudzivirira zviratidzo kune vanhu vane mwero kusvika kune yakaoma asthma. Iwe unofanirwa kutora iwo mazuva ese kuti vashande. Tora ivo kunyangwe iwe uchinzwa zvakanaka.

Mimwe mishonga yenguva refu inofemerwa mukati (inhaled), senge steroids uye anoshanda kwenguva refu beta-agonists. Zvimwe zvinotorwa nemuromo (nemuromo). Wako mupi achakupa mushonga wakakodzera iwe.

Mishonga YOKUDZORA

Iyi inonziwo mishonga yekununura. Dzinotorwa:

• Zvekukosora, kufema, kunetseka kufema, kana panguva yekurwiswa kwechirwere
• Tisati tamboita zvekuita zvepanyama kubatsira kudzivirira zviratidzo zveasima

Udza mupiki wako kana iwe uri kushandisa inokurumidza-kununura mishonga kaviri pasvondo kana kupfuura. Kana zvirizvo, asthma yako inogona kunge isiri kudzorwa. Wako mupi anogona kushandura iyo dose kana yako yezuva nezuva asthma yekudzivirira mushonga.

Kurumidza-kuyamura mishonga inosanganisira:

• Ipfupi-inoshanda inhaled bronchodilators
• Oral corticosteroids yeakanyanya asthma kurwisa

Kurwisa kwakakomba kweasima kunoda kuongororwa nachiremba. Iwe unogona zvakare kuda kugara muchipatara. Ikoko, unogona kupiwa okisijeni, rubatsiro rwekufema, uye mishonga inopihwa kuburikidza netsinga (IV).

ASHMA INOTARIRA PAMUSHA

Iwe unogona kutora matanho ekuderedza mukana wekurwisa asima:

• Ziva zviratidzo zveasthma zvekutarisa.
• Ziva maitiro ekutora yako yepamusoro kuyerera kuyerera uye zvazvinoreva.
• Ziva izvo zvinokonzeresa kuti asthma yako iwedzere uye zvekuita kana zvikaitika.
• Ziva maitiro ekuchengeta yako asthma usati uye panguva yekurovedza muviri kana kurovedza muviri.

Zvirongwa zveAsthma zvirongwa zvakanyorwa zvekutarisira asima. Chirongwa chekuita asthma chinofanira kusanganisira:

• Mirayiridzo yekutora mishonga yeasima kana mamiriro ako akagadzikana
• Chinyorwa cheasthma chinokonzeresa uye maitiro ekuzvidzivirira
• Maitiro ekuziva kana asthma yako iri kuwedzera kuipa, uye nguva yekufonera mupiki wako

Yepamusoro mita yekuyerera chishandiso chiri nyore kuyera kuti unokurumidza sei kuburitsa mweya kubva mumapapu ako.

• Inogona kukubatsira iwe kuona kana kurwiswa kuri kuuya, dzimwe nguva kunyangwe zviratidzo zvisati zvaonekwa. Peak kuyerera kuyerwa kunobatsira kukuzivisa iwe kana iwe uchida kutora mushonga kana chimwe chiito.
• Peak kuyerera kukosha kwe50% kusvika ku80% yemhedzisiro yako chiratidzo chekurwiswa kweasthma zvine mwero. Nhamba dziri pasi pe50% chiratidzo chekurwiswa kwakanyanya.

Iko hakuna kurapwa kweasthma, kunyangwe zviratidzo dzimwe nguva zvichivandudza nekufamba kwenguva. Nekuzvitarisira kwakakodzera uye kurapwa, vazhinji vanhu vane asthma vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika.

Izvo zvinetso zveasthma zvinogona kuva zvakanyanya, uye zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Rufu
• Yakadzikira kugona kurovedza muviri uye kutora chikamu mune zvimwe zviitiko
• Kushaikwa kwekurara nekuda kwezviratidzo zvehusiku
• Kuchinja zvachose mukushanda kwemapapu
• Kuramba uchikosora
• Kutambudzika kufema kunoda kufema rubatsiro (ventilator)

Bata wako mupi kuti uwane musangano kana zviratidzo zvechirwere zvichikura.

Bata mupi wako ipapo ipapo kana:

• Kurwiswa kweasthma kunoda mushonga wakawanda pane kukurudzirwa
• Zviratidzo zvinowedzera kuwedzera kana kusavandudza nemushonga
• Une mweya wekufema paunenge uchitaura
• Yako yepamusoro yekuyerera kuyerwa ndeye 50% kusvika 80% yeako ako epamoyo akanakisa

Enda kuimba yekukurumidzira ipapo kana zviratidzo izvi zvikaitika:

• Kukotsira kana kuvhiringidzika
• Kufema kwakanyanya kwekuzorora
• Yepamusoro yekuyerera kuyerwa kwepasi pe50% yezvako pachako zvakanaka
• Yakanyanya kurwadziwa muchipfuva
• Bhuruu bhuruu kumiromo uye kumeso
• Kunyanya kunetseka kufema
• Kukurumidza kupisa
• Kushushikana kwakanyanya nekuda kwekufema kwekufema

Iwe unogona kudzikisa zviratidzo zveasima nekudzivirira zvinokonzeresa uye zvinhu zvinogumbura mafafitera.

• Fukidza zvekuwaridza neasina-proof proof casings kudzikisa kusvibiswa neguruva mites.
• Bvisa makapeti kubva kumakamuri ekurara uye vhura nguva dzose.
• Shandisai chete sipo isina kuchena uye zvekuchenesa mumba.
• Chengetedza hunyoro hunyoro pasi uye gadziridza maburi ekuderedza kukura kwehutachiona hwakadai seforoma.
• Chengetedza imba yakachena uye chengeta chikafu mumidziyo uye kunze kwemakamuri ekurara. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzora mukana wemapete. Nhengo dzemuviri uye madonhwe kubva kumapete zvinogona kukonzera kurwisa kweasima mune vamwe vanhu.
• Kana mumwe munhu akasangana nemhuka isingakwanise kubviswa pamusha, mhuka inofanirwa kuchengetwa kunze kwemba yekurara. Isa nzvimbo yekusefa zvinhu pamusoro penzvimbo yekupisa / yemhepo inodzivirira mumba mako kuteya mhuka dzinodzika. Chinja iyo firita mumaovhe uye ma air conditioners kazhinji.
• Bvisa hutsi hwefodya kubva pamba. Ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha kuita mhuri kubatsira mumwe munhu ane asthma. Kusvuta kunze kwemba hakuna kukwana. Nhengo dzemhuri nevashanyi vanosvuta kunze vanotakura zvakasara zveutsi mukati mehembe uye bvudzi. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo zveasima. Kana iwe uchisvuta, ino inguva yakanaka yekurega.
• Dzivisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo, guruva remaindasitiri, uye utsi hunogumburisa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Bronchial asima; Kurira - asthma - vakuru

• Asima nechikoro
• Chirwere - kudzora zvinodhaka
• Chirwere muvanhu vakuru - chii chekubvunza chiremba
• Chirwere - kukurumidza-kununura zvinodhaka
• Exercise -inokonzera bronchoconstriction
• Kuita maekisesaizi uye asima kuchikoro
• Mashandisiro aungaita nebulizer
• Mashandisiro ekushandisa inhaler - hapana spacer
• Mashandisiro ekushandisa inhaler - ine spacer
• Mashandisiro ekushandisa yako yepamusoro kuyerera mita
• Ita kukwirira kuyereke tsika
• Zviratidzo zveasthma kurwisa
• Gara kure nezvinokonzera mweya
• Kufamba nematambudziko ekufema

• Mapapu
• Spirometry
• Asima
• Peak kuyerera mita
• Asthmatic bronchiole uye yakajairwa bronchiole
• Kazhinji asthma inokonzeresa
• Kuita maekisesaizi-kwakakonzera asima
• Kufuridzira system
• Spacer shandisa - Series
• Metered dose inhaler kushandiswa - Series
• Nebulizer shandisa - akateedzana
• Peak kuyerera mita yekushandisa - Series

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Brozek JL, Bousquet J, Agache I, et al. Allergic rhinitis uye zvazvinoita paasthma (ARIA) nongedzo-2016 kudzokorora. J Allergy Kliniki Immunol. 2017; 140 (4): 950-958. PMID: 28602936 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28602936.

Liu AH, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Hwechidiki asthma. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 169.

Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM. Asima. Mune: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, eds. Nelson Zvakakosha zvePediatrics. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chitsiko 78.

Zvino RM, Tokarski GF. Asima. Mune: Masvingo RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts uye Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 63.