Nharaunda-yakawana pneumonia muvakuru

Pneumonia imhepo yekufema (kufema) mamiriro mune hutachiona hwemapapu.

Ichi chinyorwa chinofukidza nharaunda-yakawanikwa pneumonia (CAP). Rudzi rwechibayo rwunowanikwa muvanhu vasina nguva pfupi yadarika vari muchipatara kana imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetedza hutano senge imba inochengeterwa vakwegura kana nzvimbo yekumutsiridza. Pneumonia inobata vanhu munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza hutano, senge zvipatara, inonzi pneumonia yakawanikwa muchipatara (kana pneumonia inoenderana nehutano).

Pneumonia chirwere chakajairika chinobata mamirioni avanhu gore rega rega muUnited States. Utachiona hunonzi mabhakitiriya, mavairasi, uye fungi zvinogona kukonzera mabayo. Muvanhu vakuru, mabhakitiriya ndiwo anonyanya kukonzera mabayo.

Nzira dzaungawana mabayo dzinosanganisira:

• Hutachiona uye hutachiona hunogara mumhino dzako, zvitadzo, kana mukanwa zvinogona kutapukira kumapapu ako.
• Iwe unogona kufema mamwe eaya utachiona akananga mumapapu ako.
• Iwe unofema mukati (inhale) chikafu, zvinwiwa, kurutsa, kana zvinwiwa kubva mumuromo kuenda mumapapu ako (aspiration pneumonia).

Chibayo chinogona kukonzerwa nemhando zhinji dzeutachiona.

• Rudzi rwakakurumbira rwebhakitiriya nderwe Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
• Atypical pneumonia, inowanzonzi kufamba pneumonia, inokonzerwa nemamwe mabhakitiriya.
• Fungi inonzi Pneumocystis jiroveci inogona kukonzera mabayo muvanhu vane immune system isiri kushanda zvakanaka, kunyanya vanhu vane hutachiona hweHIV hwakakwira.
• Mavairasi, akadai sehutachiona hutachiona, uye achangopfuura SARS-CoV-2 (iyo inokonzeresa COVID-19), zvakare zvinowanzoitika zvikonzereso zvemabayo.

Njodzi zvinhu zvinowedzera mukana wako wekuwana mabayo zvinosanganisira:

• Chirwere chemapapu chisingaperi (COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis)
• Kusvuta fodya
• Dementia, sitiroko, kukuvara kwehuropi, cerebral palsy, kana zvimwe zvinetso zvehuropi
• Immune system dambudziko (panguva yekenza kurapwa, kana nekuda kweHIV / AIDS, kupinza nhengo, kana zvimwewo zvirwere)
• Zvimwe hosha dzakakomba, senge chirwere chemwoyo, chiropa cirrhosis, kana chirwere cheshuga
• Kuvhiya kwazvino kana kushungurudzika
• Kuvhiya kurapa kenza yemukanwa, yehuro, kana yemutsipa

Zviratidzo zvakajairika zve pneumonia ndezvi:

• Kukosora (pamwe nemamwe mabayo anogona kukosora ganda rakasvibira kana reyero, kana kunyangwe neropa rine maronda)
• Fivha, ingave yakapfava kana yakakwira
• Kuzunza chills
• Kufema kwekufema (kunogona kungoitika kana iwe uchikwira masitepisi kana kuzvishandisa nesimba)

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Kuvhiringidzika, kunyanya kune vanhu vakuru
• Kuwedzera kudikitira uye clammy ganda
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Kurasikirwa nechido, simba shoma, uye kuneta
• Malaise (asiri kunzwa mushe)
• Kupinza kana kubaya kurwadziwa kwepfupa kunowedzera kana iwe uchifema zvakadzama kana kukosora
• White nail syndrome, kana leukonychia

Mutapi wezvehutano anoteerera kutsemuka kana kusanzwisisika mweya wekufema kana uchiteerera pachipfuva chako ne stethoscope. Kubaya pamadziro echifuva chako (kurovera) kunobatsira mupi kuteerera uye kunzwa manzwi asina kujairika muchipfuva chako.

Kana pneumonia ichifungidzirwa, mupi angangodaro arayire chest x-ray.

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kurairwa inosanganisira:

• Arterial eropa magasi kuti uone kana okisijeni yakakwana iri kupinda muropa rako kubva mumapapu.
• Ropa uye sputum tsika kutsvaga hutachiona hunogona kunge huri kukonzera mabayo.
• CBC kutarisa chena yeropa masero kuverenga.
• CT scan yechifuva.
• Bronchoscopy. Iyo inochinjika chubhu ine yakavhenekera kamera kumagumo yakapfuudzwa pasi kumapapu ako, mune dzakasarudzika zviitiko.
• Thoracentesis. Kubvisa mvura kubva munzvimbo iri pakati pekunze kwemapapu uye rusvingo rwechipfuva.
• Nasopharyngeal swab kuongorora hutachiona senge furuwenza uye SARS-CoV-2.

Wako mupi anofanira kutanga asarudza kana iwe uchida kuve muchipatara. Kana iwe ukarapwa muchipatara, uchagamuchira:

• Mvura nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuburikidza netsinga dzako
• Oxygen kurapa
• Kufema kurapa (pamwe)

Kana iwe ukaonekwa uine hutachiona fomu yemabayo, zvakakosha kuti iwe utange pamishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nekukurumidza mushure mekunge wabvumidzwa. Kana uine hutachiona hwemabayo, haugamuchire mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haiuraye hutachiona. Unogona kugamuchira mimwe mishonga, yakadai semushonga, kana uine furuu.

Iwe uri mukana wekugamuchirwa kuchipatara kana iwe:

• Iva nechimwe chinetso chakakomba chekurapa
• Iva nezviratidzo zvakakomba
• Kutadza kuzvitarisira pamba, kana kutadza kudya kana kunwa
• Vakura kupfuura makumi matanhatu nemashanu
• Wanga uchitora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kumba uye usiri kuita zvirinani

Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kurapwa kumba. Kana zvirizvo, mupi wako anogona kukuudza kuti utore mishonga yakaita semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Pakutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya:

• Usapotsa chero madosi. Tora mushonga kusvika waenda, kunyangwe paunotanga kunzwa zvirinani.
• Usatore mushonga wekukosora kana wekutonhora kunze kwekunge chiremba ati zvanaka. Kukosora kunobatsira muviri wako kubvisa marimu kubva mumapapu ako.

Kufema mweya unodziya, wakanyorova (wakanyorova) unobatsira kusunungura mamonyi anonamira ayo angaite kuti unzwe kunge urikudzipwa. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira:

• Isa inodziya, nyoro yekugezesa wakasununguka pamusoro pemhino nemuromo.
• Zadza humidifier nemvura inodziya uye fema mumhepo inodziya.
• Tora kufema kwakapetwa kaviri kana katatu paawa. Kufema kwakadzika kunobatsira kuvhura mapapu ako.
• Tinya chipfuva chako zvinyoro nyoro zvishoma pazuva kana wakarara nemusoro wakadzika kupfuura chipfuva. Izvi zvinobatsira kuunza mamusus kubva mumapapu kuitira kuti iwe ugone kukosora kunze.

Inwa mvura yakawanda, chero bedzi mupiro wako achiti zvakanaka.

• Inwa mvura, muto, kana tii isina kusimba
• Inwa angangoita makapu matanhatu kusvika kugumi (1.5 kusvika 2.5 litita) pazuva
• Usanwa doro

Wana zororo rakawanda paunoenda kumba. Kana uchinetseka kurara husiku, tora naps masikati.

Nokurapwa, vanhu vazhinji vanovandudza mukati memasvondo maviri. Vakwegura vakuru kana vanhu vanorwara zvakanyanya vangangoda kurapwa kwenguva refu.

Avo vanogona kunge vangangove vane yakaoma pneumonia vanosanganisira:

• Vakuru vakuru
• Vanhu vane immune system yavo isingashande zvakanaka
• Vanhu vane zvimwe, zvakakomba matambudziko ekurapa akadai seshuga kana cirrhosis yechiropa

Mune ese ezvinhu ari pamusoro, mabayo anogona kutungamira kurufu, kana iri yakaoma.

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, matambudziko akakura anogona kukura, kusanganisira:

• Shanduko dzinotyisidzira hupenyu mumapapu dzinoda muchina wekufema
• Fluid yakatenderedza mapapu (pleural effusion)
• Mvura inotapukirwa yakatenderedza mapapu (empyema)
• Mapapu anoputika

Wako mupi anogona kuraira imwe x-ray. Izvi ndezvekuve nechokwadi chekuti mapapu ako akajeka. Asi zvinogona kutora mavhiki mazhinji kuti x-ray yako ibude. Iwe unogona kunge uchinzwa zvirinani x-ray isati yajekesa.

Fonera mupiki wako kana iwe uine:

• Kukosora uko kunounza mamuri ane ropa kana ngura
• Kufema (kufema) zviratidzo zvinowedzera
• Kurwadziwa pachifuva kunowedzera kana ukosora kana kufemera mukati
• Kukurumidza kana kurwadza kufema
• Manheru anodikitira kana kusanzwisisika kuonda
• Kufema kufema, kuzunza chills, kana kupisa fever
• Zviratidzo zvemabayo uye isina simba immune system (semuenzaniso, senge neHIV kana chemotherapy)
• Kuwedzera kwezviratidzo mushure mekuvandudzwa kwekutanga

Unogona kubatsira kudzivirira mabayo nekutevera matanho ari pazasi.

Shamba maoko ako kazhinji, kunyanya:

• Usati wagadzirira nekudya chikafu
• Mushure mekufemera mhino
• Mushure mekuenda kuchimbuzi
• Mushure mekuchinja manapukeni emwana
• Mushure mekusangana nevanhu vanorwara

Dzivisa kusangana nevanhu vanorwara.

Usapute. Fodya inokuvadza kugona kwemapapu ako kurwisa hutachiona.

Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inogona kubatsira kudzivirira mamwe mabayo. Ive neshuwa yekuwana anotevera majekiseni:

• Mushonga wefuru unogona kubatsira kudzivirira mabayo anokonzerwa nehutachiona hutachiona.
• Pneumococcal vaccine inoderedza mikana yako yekuwana mabayo kubva Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere yakatonyanya kukosha kune vanhu vakuru uye vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga, asima, chirwere chinonzi emphysema, HIV, gomarara.

Bronchopneumonia; Nharaunda-yakawana pneumonia; CAP

• Bronchiolitis - kubuda
• Hosha uye dzihwa - zvaunofanira kubvunza chiremba wako - mukuru
• Hosha uye furuwenza - chii chekubvunza chiremba wako - mwana
• Nzira yekufema kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchishaya mweya wekufema
• Okisijeni chengetedzo
• Pneumonia muvakuru - kubuda
• Pneumonia muvana - kubuda
• Kushandisa oxygen kumba
• Uchishandisa oxygen kumba - chii chekubvunza chiremba wako
• Kana mwana wako kana mucheche aine fivha

• Kufuridzira system
• Chirwere chemabayo
• Yakachena nzara chirwere

Daly JS, Ellison RT. Pneumonia yakasimba. Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 67.

Musher DM. Kuongorora kwepneumonia. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 91.

Wunderunk RG. Nhungamiro yekugadzirisa pneumonia inowanikwa munharaunda. Kliniki Chest Med. 2018; 39 (4): 723-731. PMID: 30390744 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30390744/.