Mononeuropathy

Mononeuropathy kukuvara kune imwe tsinga, iyo inokonzeresa mukurasika kwekufamba, kunzwa, kana rimwe basa retsinga iyoyo.

Mononeuropathy rudzi rwekukuvara kune tsinga kunze kwehuropi uye musana (peripheral neuropathy).

Mononeuropathy inowanzo kukonzerwa nekukuvara. Zvirwere zvinokanganisa muviri wese (systemic kusagadzikana) zvinogona zvakare kukonzera yakasarudzika tsinga kukuvara.

Yenguva refu-kumanikidza kune tsinga nekuda kwekuzvimba kana kukuvara kunogona kukonzera mononeuropathy. Kuvhara kwetsinga (myelin sheath) kana chikamu chetsinga sero (iyo axon) inogona kukuvara. Uku kukuvara kunononoka kana kudzivirira zviratidzo kubva pakufamba netsinga dzakakuvara.

Mononeuropathy inogona kusanganisira chero chikamu chemuviri. Mamwe maitiro akajairika e mononeuropathy anosanganisira:

• Axillary nerve kusagadzikana (kurasikirwa kwekufamba kana kunzwa mufudzi)
• Kazhinji peroneal nerve dysfunction (kurasikirwa kwekufamba kana kunzwa mutsoka uye gumbo)
• Carpal tunnel syndrome (median nerve dysfunction - kusanganisira chiveve, kurira, kushaya simba, kana kukuvara kwemhasuru muruoko neminwe)
• Cranial mononeuropathy III, IV, kumanikidza kana chirwere cheshuga
• Cranial mononeuropathy VI (kuona kaviri)
• Cranial mononeuropathy VII (kumeso kuoma mitezo)
• Hwevakadzi tsinga kusagadzikana (kurasikirwa kwekufamba kana kunzwa mune chimwe chikamu chegumbo)
• Radial nerve dysfunction (matambudziko nekufamba kweruoko uye ruoko uye nekunzwa kuseri kweruoko kana ruoko)
• Sciatic nerve dysfunction (dambudziko nemhasuru dzekumashure kwemabvi uye gumbo repasi, nekunzwa kumashure kwechidya, chikamu chegumbo repasi, uye chetsoka)
• Ulnar nerve kudzvinyirira (cubital tunnel syndrome - inosanganisira chiveve, kurira, kushaya simba kwekunze uye pasi pe ruoko, chanza, mhete nezvigunwe zvidiki)

Zviratidzo zvinoenderana neiyo tsinga yakakanganiswa, uye inogona kusanganisira:

• Kurasikirwa kwekunzwa
• Kuoma mitezo
• Kucheka, kupisa, kurwadziwa, kusanzwisisika kwekunzwa
• Kushaya simba

Anopa hutano anoita bvunzo dzepanyama uye anotarisa kunzvimbo yakakanganiswa. Rondedzero yezvekurapa inodiwa kuti uone chinokonzeresa chekukanganisa.

Miedzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• Electromyogram (EMG) kutarisa mashandiro emagetsi mumhasuru
• Nerve conduction bvunzo (NCV) yekutarisa kumhanya kwechiitiko chemagetsi mutsinga
• Tsinga ultrasound kuona tsinga
• X-ray, MRI kana CT scan kuti uwane yakazara maonero enharaunda yakakanganiswa
• Kuongororwa kweropa
• Nerve biopsy (mune mononeuropathy nekuda kwevasculitis)
• CSF kuongorora
• Ganda biopsy

Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekutendera iwe kuti ushandise iyo yakakanganiswa chikamu chemuviri zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Zvimwe zvehutano zvinoita kuti tsinga dziwedzere kukuvara. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kweropa uye chirwere cheshuga zvinogona kukuvadza tsinga, iyo inogona kazhinji kukanganisa tsinga imwe chete. Saka, mamiriro ari pasi anofanira kurapwa.

Sarudzo dzekurapa dzinogona kusanganisira chero yeanotevera:

• Pamusoro pekambani painkillers, senge inorwisa-kupisa mishonga yekurwadziwa zvishoma
• Zvinodzvinyirira, anticonvulsants, uye mimwe mishonga yakafanana yekurwadziwa kusingaperi
• Majekiseni emishonga yesteroid yekudzora kuzvimba uye kumanikidza kune tsinga
• Kuvhiya kuti ubvise kumanikidza kune tsinga
• Kurapa kwepanyama kurovedza kuchengetedza simba remhasuru
• Mabhureki, zvimedu, kana zvimwe zvishandiso kubatsira nekufamba
• Transcutaneous magetsi etsinga kukurudzira (TENS) kugadzirisa marwadzo etsinga anosangana nechirwere cheshuga

Mononeuropathy inogona kunge ichiremadza uye inorwadza. Kana iyo chikonzero cheiyo nerve dysfunction inogona kuwanikwa uye kubudirira kurapwa, kupora kwakazara kunogoneka mune dzimwe nguva.

Kutambudzika kwepfungwa kunogona kusagadzikana uye kunogara kwenguva yakareba.

Zvinetso zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuremara, kurasikirwa kwetissue mass
• Mishonga mhedzisiro
• Kudzokororwa kana kusaonekwa kukuvara kunzvimbo yakakanganiswa nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekunzwa

Kudzivisa kumanikidzwa kana kukuvara kunorwadza kunogona kudzivirira maitiro mazhinji e mononeuropathy. Kurapa mamiriro akaita sekukwira kweropa kana chirwere cheshuga kunoderedzawo njodzi yekuvandudza mamiriro acho.

Neuropathy; Isolated mononeuritis

• Central nervous system uye yekumusoro tsinga system

National Institute yeNeurological Dambudziko uye Stroke webhusaiti. Peripheral neuropathy chokwadi pepa. www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Peripheral-Neuropathy-Fact-Sheet. Yakagadziridzwa Kurume 16, 2020. Yakasvika Nyamavhuvhu 20, 2020.

Smith G, Anonyara INI. Peripheral neuropathies. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 392.

Chando DC, Bunney EB. Peripheral tsinga kusagadzikana. Mune: Masvingo RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts uye Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 97.