Kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka - inhalants

Inhalants ndiwo makemikari emhute anofemerwa mukati nechinangwa chekukwira.

Inhalant kushandiswa kwakave kwakakurumbira muma1960 nevachiri kuyaruka vainhuwidza glue. Kubva ipapo, mamwe marudzi enhalants ave kufarirwa. Inhalants inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevechidiki vachiri kuyaruka uye vana vezera rekuchikoro, kunyangwe vakuru dzimwe nguva vachishandisawo.

Mazita emumigwagwa emidziyo inhalants anosanganisira kuputika kwemhepo, kushinga, chroming, discorama, kufara, hippie crack, gasi remwedzi, oz, hari yemurume murombo, kumhanyisa, vanorova, zvikwapuro, uye kuchena.

Zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvakawanda zvine makemikari anochinja. Volatile zvinoreva kuti kemikari inogadzira mamhepo, ayo anogona kufemerwa mukati (inhaled). Mhando dzakajairika dzeanoshungurudzwa inhalants ndeaya:

• Aerosols, senge mhepo freshener, deodorant, machira anodzivirira, bvudzi pfapfaidzo, oiri yemafuta yemafuta, uye pendi yekupopera.
• Gasi, senge butane (lighter fluid), kuchenesa komputa, freon, helium, nitrous oxide (kuseka gasi), iyo inowanikwa mune yakaroverwa kirimu midziyo, uye propane.
• MaNitriti, ayo asisiri kutengeswa zviri pamutemo. Kana ma nitrites akatengwa zvisiri pamutemo, anowanzo kunzi "kuchenesa ganda," "kunhuwirira kwemvura," "kamuri odorizer," kana "vhidhiyo musoro wekuchenesa."
• Zvinogadziriswa, zvakaita sekururamisa mvura, degreaser, inokurumidza-kuomesa glue, yekunzwa-tip mucherechedzo, peturu, chipikiri chekubvisa chiutsi, uye pendi yakatetepa.

Inhalants inofemerwa mukati kuburikidza nemuromo kana mumhino. Slang mazwi enzira idzi ndeaya:

• Bagging. Kufemera mukati chinhu kana chaiswa mushonga kana kuiswa mupepa kana bhegi repurasitiki.
• Ballooning. Kufema mweya kubva kubharuni.
• Guruva. Kupfapfaidza aerosol mumhino kana mukanwa.
• Kupenya. Inhaling air-freshener aerosols.
• Huffing.Kufema kubva padhende rakanyoroveswa neicho chinhu uye ndokubata kumeso kana kuzadzwa mumuromo.
• Kusvuta. Kufema chinhu chakananga kuburikidza nemhino.
• Kusvota. Kufema chinhu chakananga kuburikidza nemuromo.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa kubata zvinofemerwa makemikari anosanganisira asina masoda magaba, mabhodhoro ezvinonhuwira asina chinhu, uye mapepa emuchimbuzi machubhu akazadzwa mamvemve kana chimbuzi chakanyoroveswa nekemikari.

Kana yafemerwa, makemikari acho anodhonzwa nemapapu. Mukati memasekondi, makemikari anoenda kuuropi, zvichikonzera kuti munhu anzwe kudhakwa, kana kukwirira. Iyo yepamusoro inowanzo sanganisira kunzwa kufara uye kufara, kunzwa kwakafanana nekudhakwa nekunwa doro.

Mimwe inhalants inokonzeresa uropi kuburitsa dopamine. Dopamine ikemikari inobatanidzwa nemanzwiro uye kufunga. Iyo inonzi zvakare inonzwa-yakanaka huropi kemikari.

Nekuti iyo yakakwira inongotora chete maminetsi mashoma, vashandisi vanoedza kuita iyo yepamusoro kuti igare kwenguva refu nekufemera zvakapetwa kwemaawa akati wandei.

MaNitrites akasiyana nemamwe mafemo. MaNitriti anoita kuti tsinga dzeropa dziwedzere uye hana ichirova nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinoita kuti munhu anzwe kudziya uye kufara. MaNitrites anowanzo kufemerwa kuti avandudze kuita pabonde kwete kuti akwire.

Makemikari mune inhalants anogona kukuvadza muviri munzira dzakawanda, zvichitungamira kumatambudziko ehutano se:

• Bone marrow kukuvara
• Kukuvara kwechiropa
  
• Coma
• Kunzwa kurasikirwa
• Zvinetso zvemwoyo, senge zvisina kujairika kana nekukurumidza moyo mutinhimira
• Kurasikirwa kwematumbo uye kudzora weti
• Maitiro anochinja, akadai sekusava nehanya nezve chero chinhu (kusava nehanya), hunhu hwechisimba, kuvhiringidzika, kuona zvisipo, kana kushungurudzika
• Zvinetso zvenguva dzese dzetsinga, senge chiveve, kurira kwemaoko netsoka, kushaya simba uye kudedera

Inhalants inogona zvakare kuuraya:

• Kusagadzikana kana kutsanya kwemoyo mutinhimira kunogona kukonzera kuti moyo umire kupomba ropa kune iro rese muviri. Ichi chiitiko chinonzi kamwe kamwe kunhuwa kufa syndrome.
• Kufufutirwa kunogona kukonzeresa kana mapapu nehuropi zvikasawana oxygen yakakwana. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana nhanho dzemakemikari mhute dzakakwira kwazvo mumuviri zvekuti dzinotora nzvimbo yeoksijeni muropa. Kutambura kunogonawo kuitika kana bhegi repurasitiki rakaiswa pamusoro pemusoro kana uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchingobhabhatidza.

Vanhu vanofema nitrites vane mukana wakakura wekutora HIV / AIDS uye hepatitis B naC Izvi imhaka yekuti nitrites inoshandiswa kuvandudza mashandiro epabonde. Vanhu vanoshandisa nitrites vanogona kuita bonde risina njodzi.

Inhalants inogona kukonzera kuremara kwekuzvarwa kana ikashandiswa panguva yekuzvitakura.

Vanhu vanoshandisa inhalants vanogona kupindwa muropa nazvo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pfungwa nemuviri wavo zvinoenderana nezvinofemerwa. Ivo havakwanise kudzora mashandisiro avo uye vanovada (vanoshuvira) ivo kuti vapfuure nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Kupindwa muropa kunogona kutungamira mukushivirira. Kushivirira kunoreva kuti yakawanda uye yakawanda yeiyo inhalant inodiwa kuti uwane iwo iwo chaiwo manzwiro epamusoro. Uye kana munhu akaedza kurega kushandisa inhalant, maitiro anogona kuguma. Izvi zvinonzi zviratidzo zvekuregera uye zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuda kwakasimba kwechirwere
• Kuva nemamiriro ekuchinja kubva pakunzwa kushushikana kusvika mukushushikana kusvika kunetseka
• Haikwanise kuisa pfungwa

Kuita kwepanyama kunogona kusanganisira kutemwa nemusoro, kurwadza uye kurwadziwa, kuwedzera kudya, uye kusarara zvakanaka.

Hazvisi nyore nguva dzose kutaura kana mumwe munhu ari kushandisa inhalants. Ngwarira zviratidzo izvi:

• Kufema kana mbatya kunhuwa semakemikari
• Kukosora uye kumhanya mhino nguva dzese
• Maziso ane mvura kana vadzidzi vakavhurika (akawedzeredzwa)
• Kunzwa kuneta nguva dzose
• Kunzwa kana kuona zvinhu zvisipo (kufungidzira)
• Kuvanza midziyo isina chinhu kana mamvemve kutenderera imba
• Maitiro anochinja kana kutsamwa uye kutsamwa pasina chikonzero
• Hapana chishuwo, kusvotwa uye kurutsa, kuonda
• Penda kana mavara kumeso, maoko, kana zvipfeko
• Mapundu kana mhoni kumeso

Kurapa kunotanga nekuziva dambudziko. Nhanho inotevera ndeyekubatsirwa uye kutsigirwa.

Zvirongwa zvekurapa zvinoshandisa maitiro ekuchinja maitiro kuburikidza nekuraira (hurukuro yekurapa). Chinangwa ndechekubatsira munhu kuti anzwisise maitiro ake uye kuti sei achishandisa zvinonhuwira. Kusanganisira mhuri neshamwari panguva yekupangwa mazano zvinogona kubatsira kutsigira munhu kuti avadzivise kubva pakushandisa (kudzokerazve).

Panguva ino, hapana mushonga unogona kubatsira kudzikisa mashandisirwo ezvinonhuwira nekuvharira mhedzisiro yavo. Asi, masayendisiti ari kuongorora mishonga yakadaro.

Sezvo munhu anopora, kurudzira zvinotevera kubatsira kudzivirira kudzokazve:

• Ramba uchienda kumisangano yekurapa.
• Tsvaga zviitiko zvitsva uye zvinangwa kutsiva izvo zvine chekuita nekufema kushandiswa.
• Exercise uye idya zvine hutano chikafu. Kuchengeta muviri kunobatsira kuti upore kubva kune zvinokanganisa zvinofema.
• Dzivisa zvinokonzera. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuve vanhu uye shamwari munhu waakashandisa inhalants naye. Zvinogona zvakare kuve nzvimbo, zvinhu, kana manzwiro anogona kuita kuti munhu ade kushandisa zvakare.

Zvinhu zvinobatsira zvinosanganisira:

• HupenyuRing - www.lifering.org/
• Mubatanidzwa weVatengi Dzidzo - Inhalant Abuse - www.consumered.org/programs/inhalant-abuse-prevention
• National Institute yekushandisa zvisina kunaka Vechidiki - teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/inhalants
• SMART Kudzoresa - www.smartrecovery.org/
• Kubatana kwevana vasina zvinodhaka - drugfree.org/

Kune vanhu vakuru, chirongwa chako chekubatsira mushandi pabasa (EAP) zvakare chishandiso chakanaka.

Dana musangano kuti uwane musangano wako wehutano kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva akapindwa muropa nemweya inhalants uye achida rubatsiro kumira. Zvakare fona kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvekusiya izvo zvinokunetsa iwe.

Kushandisa zvinodhaka - inhalants; Kushandisa zvinodhaka - inhalants; Kushandisa zvinodhaka - inhalants; Glue - inhalants

National Institute yeDrug Abuse webhusaiti. Inhalants DrugFacts. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/inhalants. Yakagadziridzwa Kubvumbi 2020. Yakasvika June 26, 2020.

Nguyen J, O'Brien C, Schapp S. Adolescent inhalant shandisa kudzivirira, kuongorora, uye kurapwa: chinyorwa chemabhuku. Int J Zvinodhaka. 2016; 31: 15-24. PMID: 26969125 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26969125/.

Breuner CC. Kushandisa zvinodhaka. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsuwa 140.

• Inhalants