Kuisazve kuramba

Kudyarwa kwekuramba inzira iyo iyo yekumisikidza inogamuchira immune system inorwisa iyo yakasimwa nhengo kana nyama.

Immune system yako inowanzo kukudzivirira kubva kuzvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza, senge utachiona, chepfu, uye dzimwe nguva, maseru ekenza.

Izvi zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvine mapuroteni anonzi maantigen anoputisa nzvimbo dzawo. Panongopinda maantigen aya mumuviri, immune system inoona kuti haina kubva mumuviri wemunhu iyeye uye kuti "ndeyokune dzimwe nyika," uye inovarwisa.

Kana munhu akagashira nhengo kubva kune mumwe munhu panguva yekuvhiyiwa, hutachiona hwemunhu iyeye hunogona kuziva kuti ndehwekunze. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti immune system yemunhu inoona kuti maantigen ari mumasero enhengo akasiyana kana kuti haana "kuenderana." Nhengo dzisina kufananidzwa, kana nhengo dzisina kunyatsoenderana zvakakwana, dzinogona kukonzeresa kuwedzerwa kweropa kana kurambwa kwekuiswa.

Kubatsira kudzivirira kuita uku, vanachiremba vanopa, kana kuenzanisa vese mupi wenhengo uye munhu ari kugamuchira nhengo. Kunyanya kufanana maantigen ari pakati peanopa uye anogamuchira, kashoma kuti nhengo irambwe.

Kunyora kwetishu kunovimbisa kuti iyo nhengo kana zvinyama zvakaenzana sezvinobvira kumatishu eakagamuchira. Mutambo wacho kazhinji hauna kukwana. Hakuna vanhu vaviri, kunze kwemapatya akafanana, vane maantigen akafanana.

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa mishonga kudzvanyirira immune system yemugashiri. Chinangwa ndechekudzivirira immune system kubva pakurwisa nhengo ichangowedzerwa kana nhengo yacho isina kunyatsoenderana. Kana iyi mishonga ikasashandiswa, muviri unenge nguva dzose uchivhura immune immune uye nekuparadza huturu hwekunze.

Kune zvimwe zvisaririra, hazvo. Cornea transplants haiwanzo kurambwa nekuti iyo cornea haina ropa. Zvakare, kuisazve kubva kune rimwe rakafanana mapatya kuenda kune rimwe kunenge kusati kwamborambwa.

Kune matatu marudzi ekurambwa:

• Hyperacute kurambwa kunoitika maminetsi mashoma mushure mekuisirwa apo maantigen haana kuenzana. Iyo turu inofanirwa kubviswa ipapo ipapo kuti iye anogamuchira arege kufa. Rudzi urwu rwekurambwa runoonekwa kana mupi achi kupihwa rudzi rwusina kunaka rweropa. Semuenzaniso, kana munhu apihwa yerudzi A ropa kana iye ari rudzi B.
• Kurambwa kwakanyanya kunogona kuitika chero nguva kubva pasvondo rekutanga mushure mekuiswazve kusvika pamwedzi mitatu mushure. Vese vanogamuchira vane imwe huwandu hwekurambwa zvakanyanya.
• Kuramba kusingaperi kunogona kutora makore mazhinji. Kugara kwemuviri kupindirana nemuviri mutsva kunokanganisa nyama dzakasimwa kana nhengo.

Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Basa renhengo rinogona kutanga kudzikira
• Kazhinji kusagadzikana, kusagadzikana, kana kurwara
• Marwadzo kana kuzvimba munzvimbo yenhengo (zvisingawanzoitika)
• Fivhiri (zvisingawanzoitika)
• Zviratidzo zvakaita sefuru, zvinosanganisira kutonhora, kurwadziwa nemuviri, kuda kurutsa, kukosora, nekufema

Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nenhengo yakasimwa kana nyama. Semuenzaniso, varwere vanoramba itsvo vanogona kunge vaine weti shoma, uye varwere vanoramba moyo vanogona kuve nezviratidzo zvekutadza kwemoyo.

Chiremba anozotarisa nzvimbo iyi nekukomberedza iyo nhengo yakaiswa.

Zviratidzo zvekuti nhengo haisi kushanda nemazvo zvinosanganisira:

• Yakakwira shuga yeropa (pancreas transplant)
• Pasina weti yakaburitswa (itsvo kupinza)
• Kupfupika kwekufema uye kushoma kugona kurovedza muviri (moyo kupinza kana kupaza kwemapapu)
• Yeruvara rweganda uye kubuda kweropa nyore (chiropa chinotamisa)

Biopsy yenhengo yakasimwa inogona kusimbisa kuti iri kurambwa. Chiitiko chinowanzoitika chinowanzoitwa nguva nenguva kuti chione kurambwa kutanga, zviratidzo zvisati zvavapo.

Kana panorambwa nhengo panofungidzirwa, kumwe kana kumwe kunotevera kweyekuedzwa kunogona kuitwa pamberi pebhodhi biopsy:

• Abdominal CT scan
• Chest x-ray
• Mumoyo echocardiography
• Itsvo arteriography
• Itsvo Ultrasound
• Lab miedzo yeitsvo kana chiropa chinoshanda

Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekuita chokwadi chekuti nhengo yakasimwa kana nyama zvinoshanda nemazvo, uye kudzvinyirira immune system yako kupindura. Kudzvinyirira immune immune kunogona kudzivirira kuisirwa kurasa.

Mishonga inogona kunge ichishandiswa kudzvinyirira immune immune. Chipimo chemushonga uye nesarudzo yemishonga zvinoenderana nemamiriro ako. Muyero wacho unogona kunge wakanyanya kukwirisa apo iwo munyama uri kurambwa. Mushure mokunge musisina zviratidzo zvekurambwa, muyero wacho ungangodzikiswa.

Zvimwe zvinongedzo zvemuviri uye zvinyama zvinobudirira kupfuura zvimwe. Kana kurambwa kukatanga, mishonga inodzvinyirira immune immune inogona kumisa kurambwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanofanirwa kutora mishonga iyi kwehupenyu hwavo hwese.

Kunyangwe mishonga ichishandiswa kudzvinyirira immune system, kuisirwa nhengo kunogona kuramba kuchikundikana nekuda kwekurambwa.

Zvikamu chimwe chete zvekurambwa zvakanyanya hazviwanzo kutungamira kukundikana kwemuviri.

Kuramba kusingaperi ndicho chikonzero chinokonzeresa kukundikana kwemuviri. Iyo nhengo inononoka kurasikirwa nebasa uye zviratidzo zvinotanga kuoneka. Rudzi urwu rwekurambwa harugone kurapwa nemishonga. Vamwe vanhu vangangoda kumwe kuisirwa.

Matambudziko ehutano anogona kukonzerwa nekuisirwa kana kupandukira kurambwa anosanganisira:

• Dzimwe kenza (mune vamwe vanhu vanotora mishonga yakasimba-inodzvinyirira mishonga kwenguva yakareba)
• Zvirwere (nekuti immune system yemunhu inodzvanywa nekutora mishonga yekudzvinyirira immune)
• Kurasikirwa kwebasa munhengo yakasimwa / nyama
• Migumisiro yechirwere yemishonga, iyo inogona kunge yakaoma

Fonera chiremba wako kana iyo yakasimwa nhengo kana nyama isingaratidzika kunge iri kushanda nemazvo, kana kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvikaitika. Zvakare, dana chiremba wako kana iwe uine mhedzisiro kubva kumishonga iwe yauri kutora.

ABO kuteedzera kweropa uye HLA (tishu antigen) kunyora pamberi pekuisirwa kunobatsira kuve nemutambo wepedyo.

Iwe ungangoda kutora mushonga kudzvinyirira immune yako kwehupenyu hwako hwese kudzivirira iyo tishu kubva pakurambwa.

Kuva akangwarira nezvekutora yako yekumashure-yekuisa mishonga uye kunyatso tariswa nachiremba wako kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kurambwa.

Graft kurambwa; Tissue / nhengo kurambwa

• Antibodies

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Kudyara immunology. Mune: Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S, eds. Cellular uye Molecular Immunology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 17.

Adams AB, Ford M, Larsen CP. Kuisa muviri immunobiology uye immunosuppression. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Chinyorwa Chekuvhiya: Iyo Biological Hwaro hweMazuva Ano Kuvhiya Maitiro. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chitsiko 24.

Tse G, Marson L. Immunology yekurambidzwa kurambwa. Mune: Forsythe JLR, rakanyorwa. Kudyara: A Shamwari kune Nyanzvi Kuvhiya Maitiro. 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: chits. 3.