Mhinduro yemumuviri

Mhinduro yemumuviri ndeyekuti muviri wako unozviziva uye unozvidzivirira sei pamabhakitiriya, mavairasi, uye zvinhu zvinoonekwa kunge zvekunze uye zvinokuvadza.

Ma immune immune anodzivirira muviri kubva kuzvinhu zvinogona kukuvadza nekuziva nekupindura maantigen. Maantigen zvinhu (kazhinji mapuroteni) pamusoro pemasero, mavairasi, fungi, kana bhakitiriya. Zvinhu zvisingararame zvakadai sehupfu, makemikari, zvinodhaka, uye zvekune dzimwe nyika (zvakadai sechigunha) zvinogonawo kuva maantigen. Iyo immune system inoziva uye inoparadza, kana kuyedza kuparadza, zvinhu zvine maantigen.

Masero emuviri wako ane mapuroteni ari maantigen. Izvi zvinosanganisira boka remaantigen anonzi HLA antigen. Immune system yako inodzidza kuona aya maantigen seyakajairwa uye kazhinji haigadzirisane nawo.

KUSANGANA NEMAHARA

Innate, kana isina kunyatsojeka, hutachiona ndiyo dziviriro yawakazvarwa nayo. Inokuchengetedza kubva kumaantigen ese. Kuzvidzivirira kusingaiti kunosanganisira zvipingaidzo zvinodzivirira zvinhu zvinokuvadza kupinda mumuviri wako. Izvi zvipingaidzo zvinoumba mutsara wekutanga wekudzivirira mumhinduro yemumuviri. Mienzaniso yekuzvarwa nhaka inosanganisira:

• Kukosora Reflex
• Enzymes mumisodzi nemafuta eganda
• Mucus, iyo inobata mabhakitiriya uye zvidimbu zvidiki
• Ganda
• Dumbu acid

Immate immune inouyawo muprotein yemakemikari fomu, inonzi innate humoral immune. Mienzaniso inosanganisira yemuviri yekuzadzisa system uye zvinhu zvinodaidzwa kuti interferon uye interleukin-1 (iyo inokonzera kupisa muviri).

Kana antigen ikapfuura zvipingamupinyi izvi, inorwiswa nekuparadzwa nedzimwe nhengo dze immune system.

KUSANGANA NEMAHARA

Kuwana hutachiona hutachiona hunokura nekuratidzwa kune akasiyana maantigen. Immune system yako inovaka dziviriro kubva kune iyo chaiyo antigen.

KUSVIRA PASI

Passive immune inokonzerwa nema antibodies anogadzirwa mune mumwe muviri asiri wako. Vacheche vane hutachiona husingaite nekuti vanozvarwa vaine masoja ekudzivirira muviri anoendeswa kuburikidza nepacenta kubva kuna amai vavo. Aya ma antibodies anonyangarika pakati pemakore matanhatu ne12 mwedzi.

Kuchengetedza kwekudzivirira kunogonawo kunge kuri nekuda kwejekiseni reantiserum, iro rine ma antibodies anoumbwa nemumwe munhu kana mhuka. Inopa dziviriro nekukurumidza kubva kune antigen, asi haipe inodzivirira-inogara kwenguva refu. Immune serum globulin (yakapihwa hepatitis exposure) uye tetanus antitoxin mienzaniso yekungobaya nhomba.

ZVINHU ZVEROPA

Iyo immune system inosanganisira mamwe marudzi emasera machena eropa. Inosanganisirawo makemikari nemapuroteni muropa, akadai semasoja ekudzivirira muviri, anowedzera mapuroteni, uye interferon. Zvimwe zveizvi zvinorwisa zvakananga zvinhu zvekunze mumuviri, uye zvimwe zvinoshanda pamwechete kubatsira immune system maseru.

MaLymphocyte rudzi rweye chena yeropa. Kune B uye T mhando lymphocyte.

• B lymphocyte anova masero anogadzira antibodies. Maantibodies anonamira kune yakatarwa antigen uye anoita kuti zvive nyore kune maseru ezvirwere kuti aparadze antigen.
• T lymphocyte inorwisa maantigen zvakananga uye inobatsira kudzora immune immune. Vanoburitsawo makemikari, anozivikanwa se cytokines, ayo anodzora immune system yese.

Sezvo maLymphocyte anokura, ivo vanowanzo dzidza kutaurira musiyano uripo pakati penyama yako yemuviri uye zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuwanikwa mumuviri wako. Kana ma B masero nema T masero aumbwa, mashoma emasero iwayo anowanda uye achizopa "ndangariro" ye immune system yako. Izvi zvinobvumidza immune system yako kuti ipindure nekukurumidza uye nekukasira panguva inotevera iwe paunoratidzwa kune imwechete antigen. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvinokutadzisa kubva pakurwara. Semuenzaniso, munhu akambove nehukuku kana akabatwa nhomba yehuku, anodzivirirwa kubva mukuwana huku.

INFLAMMATION

Mhinduro yekuzvimba (kuzvimba) kunoitika kana maturu akakuvadzwa nemaabhakitiriya, kushungurudzika, chepfu, kupisa, kana chero chimwe chikonzero. Maseru akakuvadzwa anoburitsa makemikari anosanganisira histamine, bradykinin, uye prostaglandins. Aya makemikari anokonzeresa mitsipa yeropa kudonhedza fluid mukati memaviri, zvichikonzera kuzvimba. Izvi zvinobatsira kupatsanura chinhu chekunze kubva pakuenderera mberi nekubatana nemaviri emuviri.

Iwo makemikari anokwezvawo machena masero eropa anonzi phagocytes "anodya" utachiona uye akafa kana akakuvara masero Maitiro aya anonzi phagocytosis. Phagocyte inopedzisira yafa. Pus inoumbwa kubva muunganidzwa wetinyama dzakafa, mabhakitiriya akafa, uye mhenyu uye akafa phagocytes.

IMMUNE SYSTEM KUSANGANA NEZVIMWE

Zvirwere zvemuviri zvemuviri zvinoitika kana immune system yakanangiswa kunopesana nemuviri munyama, yakanyanyisa, kana kushomeka. Allergies inosanganisira immune immune kune chinhu icho mizhinji yevanhu miviri inoona seisingakuvadzi.

KUDZIVIRIRA

Kubaya nhomba (nzira yekudzivirira) ndiyo nzira yekukonzeresa immune immune. Madiki madhizaini eantigen, akadai seakafa kana asina kusimba mavirusi mhenyu, anopiwa kuita kuti immune system "ndangariro" (yakamisikidzwa B maseru uye akasimbisa maseru eT). Chiyeuchidzo chinobvumira muviri wako kuti uite nekukurumidza uye nemazvo kune kuratidzwa mune ramangwana.

ZVINOKONZESWA ZVINOKOSHA NEMWE CHIMWE CHINYANYA KUNYANYA

Mhinduro inoshanda yemumuviri inodzivirira pazvirwere zvakawanda uye kusagadzikana. Kusagadzikana kwekudzivirira immune kunobvumira zvirwere kukura. Zvakawanda, zvishoma, kana mhinduro isiriyo yekudzivirira zvirwere zvinokanganisa immune system. Kuwedzera kwekudzivirira immune kunogona kutungamira mukukudziridzwa kwezvirwere zvemuviri, umo masoja ekudzivirira muviri anopesana nemiviri yemuviri.

Matambudziko kubva kune akachinjika immune mhinduro anosanganisira:

• Allergy kana hypersensitivity
• Anaphylaxis, hupenyu hunotyisidzira kusagadzikana
• Autoimmune kusagadzikana
• Graft inopesana nechirwere chechirwere, chinetso chekupfupa kwemongo wemapfupa
• Immunodeficiency zvinetso
• Serum chirwere
• Kuisazve kuramba

Immate immune; Hutachiona hutachiona; Kudzivirirwa kwemagetsi; Kudzivirirwa; Kudzivirira mhinduro; Kuwana (adaptive) hutachiona

• Hosha uye dzihwa - zvaunofanira kubvunza chiremba wako - mukuru
• Hosha uye furuwenza - chii chekubvunza chiremba wako - mwana
• Kana mwana wako kana mucheche aine fivha

• Immune system zvimiro
• Phagocytosis

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