Congenital chirwere chemoyo

Congenital chirwere chemoyo (CHD) idambudziko nemamiriro emoyo uye basa iro riripo pakuzvarwa.

CHD inogona kutsanangura dzinoverengeka dzakasiyana matambudziko anokanganisa moyo. Iyo ndiyo yakajairika mhando yekuzvarwa kuremara. CHD inokonzera kufa kwakawanda mugore rekutanga rehupenyu kupfuura chero humwe hurema hwekuzvara.

CHD inowanzo kuve yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: cyanotic (ruvara rwebhuruu rweganda rinokonzerwa nekushayikwa kwe oxygen) uye isiri-cyanotic. Aya anotevera mazita anofukidza akajairika maCD:

Cyanotic:

• Ebstein anomaly
• Hypoplastic kuruboshwe moyo
• Pulmonary atresia
• Tetralogy yekunyepedzera
• Yakazara anomalous pulmonary venous kudzoka
• Kuchinja kwemidziyo mikuru
• Tricuspid atresia
• Truncus arteriosus

Kwete-cyanotic:

• Aortic stenosis
• Bicuspid aortic vharafu
• Atrial septal chirema (ASD)
• Atrioventricular canal (endocardial cushion kuremara)
• Kubatana kweaorta
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• Pulmonic stenosis
• Ventricular septal chirema (VSD)

Aya matambudziko anogona kuitika ari ega kana pamwechete. Vazhinji vana vane CHD havana mamwe marudzi ehurema hwekuzvarwa. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kwemwoyo kunogona kuva chikamu chemagetsi uye chromosomal syndromes. Mamwe ema syndromes anogona kupfuudzwa kuburikidza nemhuri.

Mienzaniso inosanganisira:

• DiGeorge chirwere
• Down chirwere
• Marfan chirwere
• Noonan chirwere
• Edwards syndrome
• Trisomy 13
• Turner chirwere

Kazhinji, hapana chikonzero chechirwere chemwoyo chinogona kuwanikwa. MaCD anoramba achiferefetwa uye kuongororwa. Zvinodhaka senge retinoic acid yemakemikari, makemikari, doro, uye hutachiona (senge rubella) panguva yekuzvitakura zvinogona kupa kune mamwe matambudziko emwoyo ekuberekwa.

Yakasarudzika inodzorwa shuga yeropa muvakadzi vane chirwere cheshuga panguva yekuzvitakura yakave zvakare yakabatana neiyo yakakwira mwero wekuzvarwa kwemoyo hurema.

Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nemamiriro acho. Kunyangwe CHD iripo pakuzvarwa, zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zvisingaonekwe ipapo ipapo.

Kukanganisa kwakadai sekuumbana kweaorta hakugone kukonzera matambudziko kwemakore. Mamwe matambudziko, senge diki VSD, ASD, kana PDA inogona kusambokonzeresa chero matambudziko.

Zvizhinji zvekuberekwa kwemoyo kukanganisa kunowanikwa panguva yekuzvitakura ultrasound. Kana hurema hwawanikwa, chiremba wemwoyo wevana, chiremba wekuvhiya, uye vamwe vanyanzvi vanogona kuve varipo kana mwana achisununguka. Kuva nehutano hwakagadzirira panguva yekusununguka kunogona kureva mutsauko pakati pehupenyu nerufu kune vamwe vacheche.

Ndeapi mabvunzo anoitwa pamwana zvinoenderana nehurema uye zviratidzo.

Kurapa kupi kunoshandiswa, uye kuti mwana anozviteerera sei, zvinoenderana nemamiriro acho. Kukanganisa kwakawanda kunoda kuteverwa zvakanaka. Vamwe vachaporeswa nekufamba kwenguva, nepo vamwe vachizoda kurapwa.

Dzimwe CHD dzinogona kurapwa nemushonga wega. Vamwe vanoda kurapwa pamwe chete kana akawanda maitiro emoyo kana kuvhiyiwa.

Vakadzi vane pamuviri vanofanira kuwana rubatsiro rwepamberi:

• Dzivisa doro uye zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo panguva yepamuviri.
• Udza mupi wako wehutano kuti iwe une pamuviri usati watora chero mishonga mitsva.
• Iva nekuongororwa kweropa pakutanga kwepamuviri wako kuti uone kana usina hutachiona ne rubella. Kana iwe usinga dzivirirwe, dzivisa chero mukana wekuratidzira rubella uye kubaiwa jekiseni uchangoberekwa.
• Vakadzi vane nhumbu vane chirwere cheshuga vanofanirwa kuyedza kudzora pashuga yeropa.

Mamwe majeni anogona kutora chinzvimbo muCD. Nhengo zhinji dzemhuri dzinogona kukanganiswa. Taura nemupi wako nezve genetic counselling uye kuongorora kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri yeCDD.

• Mwoyo - chikamu kuburikidza nepakati
• Moyo - pamberi pekutarisa
• Ultrasound, zvakajairika fetus - kurova kwemoyo
• Ultrasound, ventricular septal chirema - kurova kwemoyo
• Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) - akateedzana

Fraser CD, Kane LC. Congenital chirwere chemoyo. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Chinyorwa Chekuvhiya: Iyo Biological Hwaro hweMazuva Ano Kuvhiya Maitiro. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chitsiko 58.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Congenital chirwere chemoyo mune mukuru uye wevarwere murwere. Mune: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Chirwere Chemwoyo cheBraunwald: A Chinyorwa cheCardiovascular Medicine. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chits. 75.