Maperembudzi

Maperembudzi chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya Mycobacterium leprae. Chirwere ichi chinokonzeresa maronda eganda, kukuvara kwemitsipa, uye kushaya simba kwemhasuru zvinowedzera kuwedzera nekufamba kwenguva.

Maperembudzi haatapurirane uye ane nguva yakareba yekudzivirira (nguva zviratidzo zvisati zvaonekwa), izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuziva kuti kupi kana riinhi munhu abata chirwere ichi. Vana vane mukana wakanyanya kudarika vanhu vakuru kuwana chirwere ichi.

Vanhu vazhinji vanosangana nebhakitiriya havaiti chirwere. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti immune system yavo inokwanisa kurwisa mabhakitiriya. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti hutachiona hunopararira kana munhu afema tumadonhwe tunofefeterwa nemhepo tunoburitswa kana munhu ane maperembudzi akosora kana kuhotsira. Hutachiona hunogona zvakare kupfuudzwa nekusvika pakubatana nemvura yemumhuno yemunhu ane maperembudzi. Maperembudzi ane mafomu maviri akafanana: tuberculoid uye lepromatous. Mafomu ese ari maviri anogadzira maronda paganda. Zvisinei, chimiro chemaperembudzi chakanyanya kuoma. Inokonzeresa mapundu akakura uye mapundu (maqhuqhure).

Maperembudzi anowanikwa munyika zhinji pasi rese, uye munzvimbo dzinotonhora, dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Anenge zana zana pagore anoonekwa muUnited States. Kazhinji kesi dziri muSouth, California, Hawaii, uye US zviwi, uye Guam.

Mushonga wemishonga Mycobacterium leprae uye huwandu hwakawanda hwezviitiko pasi rese zvakakonzera kunetseka kwepasi rose kwechirwere ichi.

Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Zvipembenene zveganda zviri nyore kupfuura ganda rako rakajairika
• Zvipembenene zvakadzora kunzwa kwekubata, kupisa, kana kurwadziwa
• Maronda asingarape mushure memavhiki akati wandei kusvika kumwedzi
• Tsvina kushaya simba
• Unhu kana kushaya kwekunzwa mumaoko, maoko, tsoka, uye makumbo

Miedzo inoitwa inosanganisira:

• Ganda lesion biopsy
• Ganda kukwenya kuongorora

Kuongororwa kweganda remaperembudzi kunogona kushandiswa kutaurira mapundu maviri akasiyana emaperembudzi, asi bvunzo hadzisi kushandiswa kuongorora chirwere.

Mishonga yakawanda inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa kuuraya hutachiona hunokonzera chirwere ichi. Izvi zvinosanganisira dapsone, rifampin, clofazamine, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, uye minocycline. Anopfuura maantibhakitiriya anowanzo kupihwa pamwechete, uye kazhinji kwemwedzi.

Aspirin, prednisone, kana thalidomide inoshandiswa kudzora kuzvimba.

Kuziva chirwere ichi pakutanga kwakakosha. Kurapa kwekutanga kunogumira kukuvara, kunodzivirira munhu kubva pakuparadzira chirwere, uye kunoderedza kunetseka kwenguva refu.

Zvinetso zvehutano zvinogona kukonzerwa nemaperembudzi zvinosanganisira:

• Kushatiswa
• Tsvina kushaya simba
• Kukuvara kwekusingaperi kwemaoko nemakumbo
• Kurasikirwa kwekunzwa

Vanhu vane maperembudzi anogara kwenguva refu vanogona kurasikirwa nekushandisa kwemaoko kana tsoka nekuda kwekukuvara kakawanda nekuda kwekushaya kunzwa munzvimbo idzodzo.

Fonera wako mupi wezvehutano kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvemaperembudzi, kunyanya kana iwe wakamboonana nemunhu ane chirwere. Zviitiko zvemaperembudzi muUnited States zvinonzi zvinonzi kuCentre for Disease Control and Prevention.

Vanhu pamushonga wenguva refu vanove vasina kutapukira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti havafambise hutachiona hunokonzera chirwere.

Chirwere cheHansen

Dupnik K. Maperembudzi (Mycobacterium leprae). Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 250.

Ernst JD. Maperembudzi (hosha yeHansen). Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 310.