Poriyo

Polio chirwere chehutachiona chinogona kukanganisa tsinga uye chinogona kutungamira kune kusakwana kana kuzere kuora mitezo. Zita rekurapa reporiyo ipoliyo.

Poriyo chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona neporiyovirus. Utachiona hunopararira ne:

• Nongedzera munhu-kune-munhu kuonana
• Bata nehutachiona hutachiona kana phlegm kubva mumhino kana muromo
• Bata netsvina ine utachiona

Utachiona hunopinda nemumuromo nemumhino, hunowanda muhuro nemumatumbo, uye hwobva hwaiswa nekupararira kuburikidza neropa uye lymph system. Iyo nguva kubva mukutapukirwa nehutachiona kusvika pakuvandudza zviratidzo zvechirwere (incubation) inotangira pamazuva mashanu kusvika makumi matatu nemashanu (avhareji mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi nemana). Vanhu vazhinji havaiti zviratidzo.

Ngozi zvinhu zvinosanganisira:

• Kushaikwa kwekudzivirira chirwere cheporiyo
• Kufamba uchienda kunzvimbo yakambove neporiyo kuputika

Nekuda kwekuratidzira kwepasirose kwepasi rose pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura, poriyo yakanyanya kubviswa. Chirwere ichi chichiripo mune dzimwe nyika muAfrica neAsia, nekumuka kuri kuitika mumapoka evanhu vasina kubayiwa nhomba. Kune rondedzero yakagadziridzwa yenyika idzi, shanyira webhusaiti iyi: www.polioeradication.org.

Pane mana akakosha maitiro ehutachiona hweporiyo: hutachiona husingaoneki, chirwere chekubvisa, chisinga parari, uye akaoma mutezo.

KUSVIRA KWEMAHARA

Vanhu vazhinji vane hutachiona hwepoliovirus vane hutachiona husingaoneki. Kazhinji havana zviratidzo. Nzira chete yekuziva kana mumwe munhu aine hutachiona ndeyekuita ongororo yeropa kana kumwe kuyedza kuti uwane hutachiwana pachituru kana pahuro.

HOSHA YOKUDZIDZA

Vanhu vane chirwere chekubvisa pamuviri vanowana zviratidzo pamusoro pevhiki imwe kana mbiri mushure mekutapukirwa nehutachiona. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Fivha kwemazuva maviri kusvika matatu
• Kazhinji kusagadzikana kana kusagadzikana (malaise)
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Huro inorwadza
• Kusvipa
• Kupererwa nechido
• Belly kurwadziwa

Zviratidzo izvi zvinosvika pamazuva mashanu uye vanhu vanopora zvakakwana. Ivo havana zviratidzo zvematambudziko etsinga.

NONPARALYTIC POLIO

Vanhu vanokudziridza fomu iyi yeporiyo vane zviratidzo zvekubvisa poriyo uye zviratidzo zvavo zvakanyanya. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Mitsipa yakaoma uye inorwadza kumusana kwemutsipa, trunk, maoko, uye makumbo
• Urinary matambudziko uye kupatira
• Shanduko mumhasuru reaction (Reflexes) apo chirwere ichi chichienderera mberi

PARALYTIC POLIO

Iyi fomu yeporiyo inokura mune vashoma muzana yevanhu vane hutachiona hweporiyo. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira izvo zvekubvisa pamuviri uye kusaparara polio. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Tsvina kushaya simba, kuoma mitezo, kurasikirwa kwemhasuru nyama
• Kufema hakuna kusimba
• Zvakaoma kumedza
• Kudonhedza mvura
• Inzwi rakashoshoma
• Kuzvimbirwa kwakanyanya uye matambudziko eweti

Munguva yekuongorora kwepanyama, mupi wezvehutano anogona kuwana:

• Kusanzwisisika kusagadzikana
• Kuomarara kumashure
• Zvakaoma kusimudza musoro kana makumbo kana wakarara wakatsetseka kumusana
• Mutsipa wakaoma
• Dambudziko rekukotamisa mutsipa

Miedzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• Tsika dzekusuka pahuro, zvigaro, kana musana musana
• Spinal tap uye kuongorora kwepinini mvura (CSF kuongorora) uchishandisa polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
• Kuedzwa kwematanho emaantizoti kune hutachiona hwepoliyo

Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekudzora zviratidzo nepo hutachiona hwuchimhanya hwacho. Iko hakuna chaiyo kurapwa kwehutachiona hutachiona.

Vanhu vane kesi dzakakomba vangangoda matanho ekuponesa, akadai sekubatsirwa nekufema.

Zviratidzo zvinorapwa zvichibva nekuti dzakanyanya sei. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yehutachiona hutachiona
• Kupisa kwakanyorovera (kudziyisa mapedhi, mataira anodziya) kudzikisa kurwadziwa kwemhasuru uye kupora
• Marwadzo ekudzora kutemwa nemusoro, kurwadziwa kwemhasuru, uye kutsemuka (zvinodhaka hazviwanzopihwa nekuti zvinowedzera mukana wekufema)
• Kurapa kwepanyama, shangu kana shangu dzekugadzirisa, kana kuvhiya kwemazino kubatsira kupora musimba musimba uye basa

Maonero anoenderana nechimiro chechirwere uye nharaunda yemuviri yakakanganiswa. Kazhinji yenguva, kupora kwakazara kunogona kuitika kana rwonzi rwesipinha nehuropi zvisina kubatanidzwa.

Uropi kana musana wemutsipa kubatanidzwa ndezvekurapwa kwechimbichimbi izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kuora mitezo kana kufa (kazhinji kubva kumatambudziko ekufema).

Kuremara kwakanyanya kupfuura kufa. Utachiona hunowanikwa kumusoro mumutsipa wepelinha kana muuropi hunowedzera njodzi yezvinetso zvekufema.

Zvinetso zvehutano zvinogona kukonzerwa neporiyo zvinosanganisira:

• Kufema mabayo
• Cor pulmonale (fomu yemoyo kukundikana inowanikwa kurudyi rwekutenderera system)
• Kushaikwa kwekufamba
• Matambudziko emapapu
• Myocarditis (kuzvimba kwemoyo mhasuru)
• Akaoma mitezo ileus (kurasikirwa kwematumbo basa)
• Permanent mhasuru kuoma mitezo, hurema, hurema
• Pulmonary edema (isina kujairika buildup yemvura mumapapu)
• Shock
• Urinary turakiti hutachiona

Post-polio syndrome kusangana kunoitika mune vamwe vanhu, kazhinji makore makumi matatu kana anopfuura mushure mekunge vatanga kutapukirwa. Tsandanyama dzaive dzatopera simba dzinogona kupera simba. Kushaya simba kunogona zvakare kukura mumhasuru idzo dzisina kukanganiswa kare.

Fonera mupiki wako kana:

• Mumwe munhu wepedyo newe akaita poliomyelitis uye hauna kubayiwa jekiseni.
• Unovandudza zviratidzo zvepoliyo.
• Kudzivirirwa kweporiyo yemwana wako (jekiseni) hakusi kwazvino.

Kuchengetedzwa kweporiyo (jekiseni) zvinodzivirira poliomyelitis muvanhu vazhinji (kubaya majekiseni kunodarika 90% inoshanda).

Poliomyelitis; Infantile kuoma mitezo; Post-polio chirwere

• Poliomyelitis

Jorgensen S, Arnold WD. Zvirwere zvemota neuron. Mune: Cifu DX, ed. Braddom's Panyama Mushonga uye Rehabilitation. 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits. 40.

Romero JR. Poliovirus. Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 171.

Simões EAF. Polioviruses. Mune: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 276.