Albino

Albinism kukanganisa kwekugadzirwa kwemelanin. Melanin chinhu chechisikigo mumuviri chinopa ruvara kune rako bvudzi, ganda, uye iris yeziso.

Chialbinism chinoitika kana humwe hwakawanda hurema huchiita kuti muviri utadze kuburitsa kana kugovera melanin.

Uku kukanganisa kunogona kupfuudzwa pasi (kugarwa nhaka) kuburikidza nemhuri.

Chimiro chakakomba zvikuru chealbinism chinonzi oculocutaneous albinism. Vanhu vane rudzi urwu rwealbinism vane chena kana pingi bvudzi, ganda, uye iris ruvara. Ivo zvakare vane matambudziko ekuona.

Imwe mhando yealbinism, inonzi ocular albinism type 1 (OA1), inobata maziso chete. Ganda remunhu uye ziso remunhu zvinowanzo kuve zvakajairika renji. Nekudaro, kuongororwa kweziso kucharatidza kuti hapana kupenda kumashure kweziso (retina).

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) chimiro chealbinism inokonzerwa neshanduko kune rimwe geni. Inogona kuitika nechirwere chekubuda ropa, pamwe nepamapapu, itsvo, uye ura zvirwere.

Munhu ane albinism anogona kuve nechimwe chezviratidzo izvi:

• Hapana ruvara muvhudzi, ganda, kana iris yeziso
• Chakareruka kupfuura chakajairika ganda uye vhudzi
• Zvimedu zvemavara eganda asipo

Mhando dzakawanda dzealbinism dzakabatana nezviratidzo zvinotevera:

• Maziso akayambuka
• Chiedza chekunzwisisa
• Kukurumidza kufamba kwemaziso
• Zviratidzo zvekuona, kana kushanda kwehupofu

Kuongorora genetic kunopa nzira chaiyoiyo yekutarisa albinism. Kuedzwa kwakadai kunobatsira kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri yealubinism. Inobatsirawo kune mamwe mapoka evanhu vanozivikanwa kuwana chirwere ichi.

Anopa hutano hwako anogona zvakare kuongorora mamiriro acho zvichienderana nechitarisiko cheganda rako, bvudzi, uye maziso. Chiremba weziso anonzi ophthalmologist anogona kuita electroretinogram. Uyu muedzo unogona kuburitsa matambudziko ekuona ane hukama nealbinism. Chiyero chinonzi chinoonekwa chakaburitsa mikana yekuedzwa chinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kana kuongororwa kusisina chokwadi.

Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekusunungura zviratidzo.Zvinoenderana nekuti dambudziko iri rakanyanya sei.

Kurapa kunosanganisira kuchengetedza ganda nemeso kubva kuzuva. Kuti uite izvi:

• Deredza njodzi yekutsva nezuva nekudzivirira zuva, kushandisa dziviriro yezuva, uye kuvhara zvakakwana nezvipfeko kana uchinge wakaratidzwa kuzuva.
• Shandisa sunscreen ine yakakwira sun protection factor (SPF).
• Pfeka magirazi ezuva (UV akadzivirirwa) kubatsira kubvisa kunzwisisika kwechiedza.

Magirazi anowanzo gadzirirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuona uye chinzvimbo chemaziso. Kuvhiya kwetsandanyama kwemaziso dzimwe nguva kunokurudzirwa kugadzirisa zvisina kujairika kufamba kweziso.

Aya mapoka anotevera anogona kupa rumwe ruzivo uye zviwanikwa:

• Sangano reNyika reAlbinism uye Hypopigmentation - www.albinism.org
• NIH / NLM Genetics Kumba Referensi - ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ocular-albinism

Albinism haiwanzo kukanganisa hupenyu. Zvisinei, HPS inogona kupfupisa hupenyu hwemunhu nekuda kwechirwere chemapapu kana matambudziko ekubuda ropa.

Vanhu vane albinism vanogona kushomeka mumabasa avo nekuti havagone kutsungirira zuva.

Aya matambudziko anogona kuitika:

• Kupera kuona, kusaona
• Kenza yeganda

Fonera mupiki wako kana uine albinism kana zviratidzo zvakaita sekureruka kwechiedza zvinokonzeresa kusagadzikana. Zvakare fona kana iwe ukaona chero shanduko yeganda inogona kunge iri chiratidzo chekutanga chegomarara reganda.

Nekuti albinism inogara nhaka, kurairwa kwemajini kwakakosha. Vanhu vane nhoroondo yemhuri yealubinism kana kupenya kwakapfava vanofanirwa kufunga nezvekurapa kwemajini.

Oculocutaneous albinism; Ocular albinism

• Melanin

Cheng KP. Ophthalmology. Mune: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, eds. Zitelli naDavis 'Atlas yePediatric Panyama Kuongorora. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chitsiko 20.

Joyce JC. Zvipembenene zvakakanganiswa. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 672.

Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Kushungurudzika kwemavara. Mune: Paller AS, Mancini AJ, eds. Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology. 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits. 11.