Oppositional defiant kusagadzikana
Anopesana anoshora kusagadzikana ndiwo mutoo wekusateerera, kuvengana, uye kuzvidza maitiro kune vane chiremera manhamba.
Dambudziko iri rakajairika muvakomana kupfuura kuvasikana. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti zvinokanganisa 20% yevana vezera rekuchikoro. Nekudaro, nyanzvi zhinji dzinofunga kuti chiyero ichi chakakwirira nekuda kwekuchinja kwetsananguro dzehunhu hwehunhu. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kuve nerudzi, tsika, uye kusarurana kwevakadzi.
Maitiro aya anowanzo tanga nezera 8. Zvisinei, zvinogona kutanga sekutanga makore ekuchikoro. Dambudziko iri rinofungidzirwa kuti rinokonzerwa nemubatanidzwa wezvinhu zvipenyu, zvepfungwa, uye zvemagariro.
Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:
- Chaizvoizvo haiteedzere zvikumbiro zvevakuru
- Kutsamwa uye kutsamwa kwevamwe
- Kupokana nevanhu vakuru
- Anopomera vamwe zvikanganiso zvavo
- Ane vashoma kana asina shamwari kana akarasa shamwari
- Ari mukutambudzika kusingaperi kuchikoro
- Anotadza kuzvidzora
- Anosemesa kana kutsvaga kutsiva
- Inobata kana kuti inogumbuka
Kuti ikwane iyi kuongororwa, iyo pateni inofanirwa kugara kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu uye inofanirwa kuve inopfuura yakajairwa misikanzwa yehucheche.
Maitiro ehunhu anofanira kunge akasiyana neevamwe vana vane zera rakaenzana uye nhanho yekukura. Maitiro acho anofanira kutungamira kumatambudziko akakura muchikoro kana zviitiko zvekudyidzana.
Vana vane zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi vanofanirwa kuongororwa nachiremba wepfungwa kana wepfungwa. Muvana nevechiri kuyaruka, mamiriro anotevera anogona kukonzera matambudziko ehunhu akafanana uye anofanirwa kutariswa semikana:
- Kushungurudzika kusagadzikana
- Kucherechedzwa-kushomeka / kusagadzikana kwehutano (ADHD)
- Bipolar kusagadzikana
- Kushungurudzika
- Matambudziko ekudzidza
- Matambudziko ekushandisa zvinodhaka
Mushonga wakanyanya kumwana ndeyekutaura nachiremba wepfungwa mune ega uye pamwe kurapwa kwemhuri. Vabereki vanofanira kudzidzawo maitiro ehunhu hwemwana.
Mishonga inogona zvakare kubatsira, kunyanya kana maitiro acho achiitika sechimwe chiitiko (sekushushikana, psychosis yehudiki, kana ADHD).
Vamwe vana vanoteerera zvakanaka pakurapwa, nepo vamwe vasingadaro.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vana vane kupikisa kushora kusagadzikana vanokura kuve nehunhu hwekuita sevachiri kuyaruka kana vakuru. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vana vanogona kukura kuva nehunhu husina hukama nehunhu.
Fonera wako mupi wehutano kana iwe uine zvinetsekana nezve kukura kwemwana wako kana hunhu.
Iva anoenderana pamitemo nemhedzisiro kumba. Usaite zvirango zvakaomarara kana zvisingawirirani.
Tevedzera hunhu hwakanaka kumwana wako. Kushungurudzwa uye kuregeredzwa zvinowedzera mikana yekuti chiitiko ichi chizoitika.
American Psychiatric Association webhusaiti. Zvinokanganisa, kushushikana-kuzvidzora, uye kusagadzikana kwemaitiro. Mune: American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Dambudziko. 5 ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Kuburitsa. 2013: 461-480.
Moser SE, Netson KL. Matambudziko ekuzvibata muvana nevechiri kuyaruka. Mune: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Chinyorwa cheMhuri Mishonga. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits. 23.
Walter HJ, DeMaso DR. Zvinokanganisa, kushushikana-kuzvidzora, uye kusagadzikana kwemaitiro. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsuwa 42.