Tetralogy yekunyepedzera

Tetralogy yeFallot rudzi rwekuberekwa kwemoyo hurema. Kuberekwa kunoreva kuti iripo pakuzvarwa.

Tetralogy yeFallot inokonzera yakaderera oxygen mazinga muropa. Izvi zvinotungamira kune cyanosis (bhuruu-yepepuru ruvara kune ganda).

Iyo yakasarudzika fomu inosanganisira ina kuremara kwemoyo uye yayo mikuru yeropa tsinga:

• Ventricular septal chirema (gomba pakati pechi kurudyi uye kuruboshwe ma ventricles)
• Kuderedza kwepurmonary outflow turakiti (iyo vharuvhu uye arteri inobatanidza moyo nemapapu)
• Kuwedzeredza aorta (iyo arteri inotakura okisijeni-yakazara ropa kumuviri) iyo inoshandurwa pamusoro peiyo chaiyo ventricle uye ventricular septal kuremara, pachinzvimbo chekubuda chete kubva kuruboshwe ventricle
• Wakakora madziro eiyo kurudyi ventricle (kurudyi ventricular hypertrophy)

Tetralogy yeFallot isingawanzoitika, asi ndiyo yakajairika fomu ye cyanotic congenital chirwere chemoyo. Izvo zvinoitika zvakaenzana kazhinji kazhinji muvanhurume nevanhukadzi. Vanhu vane tetralogy yeFallot vanowanzo kuvewo nehumwe hurema hwekuzvara.

Icho chinokonzeresa chakanyanya kuberekwa nemoyo hurema hachizivikanwe. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoita sezviri kubatanidzwa.

Zvinhu zvinowedzera njodzi yeichi chiitiko panguva yekuzvitakura zvinosanganisira:

• Kudhakwa muna amai
• Chirwere cheshuga
• Amai vane makore anopfuura makumi mana ekuberekwa
• Chikafu chisina kunaka panguva yekuzvitakura
• Rubella kana zvimwe zvirwere zvehutachiona panguva yekuzvitakura

Vana vane tetralogy yeFallot vanowanzove vane kusagadzikana kwechromosome, senge Down syndrome, Alagille syndrome, uye DiGeorge syndrome (mamiriro anokonzeresa kushomeka kwemoyo, yakaderera calcium mazinga, uye kusasimba kwe immune immune).

Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Ruvara rwebhuruu kune iro ganda (cyanosis), iro rinowedzera kana mwana agumbuka
• Kubhururuka kweminwe (ganda kana kuwedzera kwemapfupa kutenderera nzara)
• Dambudziko rekudyisa (mashoma maitiro ekudyisa)
• Kukundikana kuwedzera uremu
• Kupfuura
• Kukura kwakashata
• Kugadzika panguva dzezvikamu zvecyanosis

Kuongorora kwemuviri neiyo stethoscope kazhinji kunoratidzira kugunun'una kwemoyo.

Miedzo inogona kusanganisira:

• Chest x-ray
• Yakazara kuverenga ropa (CBC)
• Echocardiogram
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• MRI yemoyo (kazhinji mushure mekuvhiyiwa)
• CT yemoyo

Kuvhiya kugadzirisa tetralogy yeFallot kunoitwa kana mucheche achiri mudiki kwazvo, kazhinji asati asvika mwedzi mitanhatu yekuzvarwa. Dzimwe nguva, zvinopfuura kuvhiya kunodiwa. Kana kanodarika kamwe kuvhiya kuchishandiswa, kuvhiya kwekutanga kunoitwa kubatsira kubatsira kuwedzera kuyerera kweropa kusvika mumapapu.

Kuvhiya kugadzirisa dambudziko kunogona kuitwa pane imwe nguva inotevera. Kazhinji kuvhiyiwa kamwe chete kunoitwa kunoitwa mumwedzi mishoma yekutanga yehupenyu. Kuvhiya kwekugadzirisa kunoitwa kuti uwedzere chikamu chedumbu remapapu uye kuvhara iyo ventricular septal kuremara ine chigamba.

Kazhinji kesi dzinogona kugadziriswa nekuvhiyiwa. Vacheche vanovhiyiwa vanowanzoita zvakanaka. Vanopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana vanorarama vakura uye vanorarama hupenyu hunoshanda, hune hutano, uye hune zvibereko. Pasina kuvhiyiwa, rufu runowanzoitika panguva iyo munhu anosvika zera makumi maviri.

Vanhu vakaenderera mberi, kuvuza kwakanyanya kwevhavha yemapapu kunogona kuda kuti vharuvhu ichinjwe.

Kugara uchitevera-newa cardiologist inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya.

Zvinetso zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kunonoka kukura uye kusimudzira
• Isingawanzo mwoyo moyo mutserendende (arrhythmias)
• Kufenda panguva dzisingawani oxygen yakakwana
• Kufa kubva pakusungwa kwemoyo, kunyangwe mushure mekugadziriswa kwekuvhiya

Fonera wako mupi wezvehutano kana zviratidzo zvitsva zvisina kutsanangudzwa zvikaitika kana mwana ari kuita episode yecyanosis (yebhuruu ganda).

Kana mwana ane tetralogy yeFallot akave bhuruu, pakarepo isa mwana padivi ravo kana kumashure uye isa mabvi kumusoro kuchipfuva. Nyaradza mwana uye utsvage kurapwa pakarepo.

Iko hakuna inozivikanwa nzira yekudzivirira iyo mamiriro.

Tet; TOF; Kuberekwa kwemoyo kukanganisa - tetralogy; Chirwere cheCyanotic mwoyo - tetralogy; Kuremara kwekuzvarwa - tetralogy

• Chiremba wemwoyo kuvhiya - kubuda

• Mwoyo - chikamu kuburikidza nepakati
• Tetralogy yekunyepedzera
• Cyanotic 'Tet spell'

Bernstein D. Cyanotic congenital moyo chirwere: kuongororwa kweanorwara zvakanyanya neonate necyanosis uye mweya wekufema. Mune: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chitsauko 456.

Fraser CD, Kane LC. Congenital chirwere chemoyo. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Chinyorwa Chekuvhiya: Iyo Biological Hwaro hweMazuva Ano Kuvhiya Maitiro. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chitsiko 58.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Congenital chirwere chemoyo mune mukuru uye wevarwere murwere. Mune: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Chirwere Chemwoyo cheBraunwald: A Chinyorwa cheCardiovascular Medicine. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chits. 75.